初创公司尽调
尽调报告 B2B Cross-Border Payments Infrastructure Late-Stage Private (Series D, April 2025) 2026-05-17

Thunes

Thunes:面向新兴市场的跨境支付基础设施 — 尽调报告

Thunes 拥有宽监管牌照栈(MAS、FCA、ACPR、HK MSO、美国 50 州 MTL)、覆盖 130+ 国家和地区的自有 Direct Global Network, 并在 Series D 披露 EBITDA 为正,是最可信的私有 B2B 跨境支付基础设施平台之一;但 Series D 估值、经审计财务和量化留存指标都未披露, 数据室开放前,投资确信度仍只能停在观察区间。

封面要素

最新融资轮次 01
$150M Series D April 2025 [CO028, CO029]
累计融资 02
~$292M across 4 rounds [CO028]
网络覆盖 03
130+ countries 80+ currencies [CO003]
美国汇款牌照 04
50 states achieved 2024–2025 [CO037]
SWIFT 接入 05
11,000+ banks via Oct 2025 launch [CO038]
盈利信号 06
Positive EBITDA stated at Series D (April 2025) [CO034]

公司概况

Thunes 诞生于 2016:总部位于新加坡的移动支付运营商 TransferTo(创立于 2005)拆分为 DT One(手机充值)和 Thunes(跨境 B2B 支付),并在 February 2019 以 Thunes 品牌公开重启。联合创始人 Peter De Caluwe 是连续金融科技创业者(Ogone、Naspers/PayU、DT One),一直是公司的核心高管;Floris de Kort 在 2024–2025 短暂接任后,De Caluwe 目前担任副董事长兼 CEO。Thunes 运营自研的 Direct Global Network (DGN),这是一层单一集成连接网络,通过与银行、移动钱包、MTO 和稳定币端点的 550+ 直接集成,覆盖 130+ 个国家和 80+ 种货币,并由 SmartX Treasury System 与 Fortress Compliance Platform 补强。公司累计融资约 $292M,轮次包括 Series A($10M,2019,GGV Capital)、Series B($60M,2020,Helios Investment Partners)、Series C($72M,估值 $900M+,2023,Marshall Wace)和 Series D($150M,April 2025,Apis Partners 与 Vitruvian Partners)。Thunes 称在 Series D 节点实现正 EBITDA,这在跨境支付基础设施公司中是少见的盈利信号;Series D 资金将用于美国扩张、加深 DGN,以及建设 AI / 数字资产能力。近期网络和合作里程碑包括 Mastercard 稳定币出款(Nov 2025)、SWIFT 接入(Oct 2025)、Ripple 集成(Sep 2025)、Ecobank 合作(Oct 2025)、Circle USDC 结算(Oct 2024)、收购 Tilia(Jun 2025),以及拿下美国全部 50 个州的汇款牌照。

官网
www.thunes.com
成立时间
2016-01-01
创始人
Peter De Caluwe
创立地点
Singapore
总部
Singapore
产品
Thunes 运营 Direct Global Network (DGN),这是一个单 API 跨境支付网络,覆盖 Pay-to-Mobile-Wallets、Pay-to-Banks、Pay-to-Cards、Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets 和 Pay-to- Digital-Vouchers,并提供面向银行支付、移动钱包、数字礼品券和 BNPL 的双向 Accept 支付轨。网络底层有两个自研平台:SmartX Treasury System 负责多币种流动性、FX 与结算编排;Fortress Compliance Platform(围绕 Tookitaki 监管科技收购搭建)负责 AML/KYC/制裁筛查。该网络通过 550+ 直接集成覆盖 130+ 个国家和 80+ 种货币;银行现在也可借助既有 SWIFT 接入访问,无需新增集成。
客户
仅做 B2B。公司公布了八个行业垂直:银行和数字银行、移动钱包、支付服务提供商、零工经济平台、汇款运营商、数字资产公司、电商以及 Payroll/EOR。已点名合作伙伴和客户包括 Western Union、MoneyGram、PayU、Remitly、Uber、Deliveroo、Grab、M-Pesa、GCash、Mastercard、Visa Direct、Circle、Ripple、PayPal/Hyperwallet 和 Ecobank。客户集中度看起来偏向大型 MTO、新兴市场钱包运营商以及全球零工经济付款方。
商业模式
按交易抽成:根据目的地走廊,每笔交易收取约 US$0.02–$2 的固定费用,并在参考中间价的 FX 汇率上加少量点差。公司未公开 SaaS 或订阅层级;企业合同定价为定制化,未公开发布。Series D 公告称公司实现正 EBITDA。
阶段
Late-Stage Private (Series D, $150M, April 2025)
融资情况
累计融资约 $292M。轮次:Series A $10M(May 2019,GGV Capital 领投);Series B $60M(Sep 2020 / May 2021 完成,Helios Investment Partners 领投,Checkout.com、GGV Capital、Future Shape 参投);Series C $72M,估值 $900M+(Jul 2023,Marshall Wace 领投,Bessemer Venture Partners、01Fintech、Visa、EDBI、Endeavor Catalyst 参投);Series D $150M(Apr 2025,Apis Partners 与 Vitruvian Partners 领投;投后估值未公开披露)。
[CO001, CO011, CO022, CO028, CO029, CO034, CO036]

执行摘要

主要优势

  • Direct Global Network 覆盖 130+ 国家和地区、80+ 币种、550+ 直接集成:这是一项多年资本密集建设,资本更充足的同行(Airwallex、Nium)也未在同等新兴市场深度复制。
  • 牌照覆盖广——MAS MPI、FCA API、ACPR PI、HK MSO,加上 2024–2025 年取得美国 50 州 money transmitter licenses——显著抬高新进入者门槛,并打开美国企业直销。
  • 2025 年 4 月 Series D 披露 EBITDA 为正:这在私有跨境支付基础设施中是少见盈利信号,相比 Nium 等亏损同行(FY24 亏损 SGD 88M),资本效率明显更好。
  • 网络和稳定币合作叠加护城河:2025 年 10 月接入 SWIFT,通过既有 rails 打开 11,000+ 家银行;Mastercard Move(2025 年 11 月)、Circle USDC(2024 年 10 月)、Ripple(2025 年 9 月)和 Visa Direct(2022 年 10 月)把 Thunes 接入传统与下一代结算层。
  • 一线机构背书——Apis Partners 和 Vitruvian Partners 共同领投 2025 年 4 月 $150M Series D;Vitruvian 曾支持 Wise 和 Marqeta 走向公开市场——说明成长股权投资人相信平台有路径走到流动性事件。

主要风险

  • 估值和财务不透明:Series D 投后估值、经审计收入、毛利率、烧钱速度和现金跑道均未公开披露——任何对价格敏感的投资决定都依赖数据室。
  • 领导层交接不清:公司 2024 年 1 月宣布 Floris de Kort 出任 CEO,但 2026 年 5 月 about-us 页面仍列 Peter De Caluwe 为副董事长兼 CEO,且没有公开离任公告,形成对承销判断有实质影响的治理不确定性。
  • 跨境支付商品化和价格压力:SWIFT gpi 现代化、Visa Direct、Mastercard Send、Wise Platform 都在争夺同一套 B2B 打款流程;Thunes 接入 SWIFT 虽然扩大触达,也会加速网络商品化。
  • 稳定币 rails 合作伙伴集中:Mastercard Move、Circle USDC、Ripple 和 Visa Direct 既是分销杠杆,也是集中风险;任何单一伙伴出现战略转向或监管变化(例如欧盟 MiCA、美国 GENIUS Act),都可能实质重塑 Thunes 下一代支付路线图。
  • Tilia 收购整合风险:2025 年 6 月收购 Linden Lab 旗下游戏支付子公司,让 Thunes 进入虚拟经济 payout,但也引入数字经济合规敞口和截至报告日尚未验证的整合执行风险。

未决问题

  • Series D 投后估值:公司称较此前 $900M+ Series C 标记「大幅提高」,但精确数字未披露;要测算稀释、优先权悬顶和进入倍数,必须拿到该数据。
  • 经审计收入、毛利率和 EBITDA 构成:「positive EBITDA」只是公司在 Series D 公告中的 headline,没有经审计披露、口径定义(集团还是运营实体)或过去 12 个月证据。
  • CEO 清晰度:需要最终确认截至 2026 年中运营 CEO 是 Peter De Caluwe 还是 Floris de Kort,并拿到继任计划和关键人风险缓释安排。
  • 客户集中度和留存:公司未公布客户数、按分部拆分的 NRR/GRR,也没有披露头部 MTO、钱包或平台伙伴的收入集中度——这些都是评估收入耐久性的关键材料。
  • Series D 逻辑下的美国扩张进展:除美国 50 州 MTL 里程碑外,公司未披露美国客户 wins、美国交易量或美国收入贡献路径的公开 KPI。

目录

Chapter 01

01公司概况

1.1 公司身份与商业模式

Thunes 是一家总部位于新加坡的私营 B2B 金融基础设施公司,为银行、数字银行、移动钱包运营商、支付服务提供商、汇款运营商、零工经济平台和电商企业提供跨境支付与收款服务。公司的旗舰产品是 Direct Global Network (DGN),一个自研的单 API 集成网络,把成员连接到 130+ 个国家、80+ 种货币、550+ 个直接支付提供商集成、7 billion+ 个移动钱包和银行账户,以及覆盖 320+ 种支付方式的 15 billion 张卡。DGN 内的重要品牌包括 GCash、M-Pesa、Airtel、MTN、Orange、JazzCash、Easypaisa、AliPay 和 WeChat Pay。DGN 的差异化来自自有 SmartX Treasury System(流动性管理)和 Fortress Compliance Platform(AML/KYC/制裁筛查)。 Thunes 采用交易收费模式:按目的地国家,每笔交易收取两美分到 $2 的固定费用,货币转换则在中间价 FX 汇率上加少量点差。低毛利、高交易量的模型符合跨境支付基础设施逻辑。Thunes 给出的使命是“连接世界每一个角落,让所有人都能进入全球经济”,标语是“让资金在全球流动的智能高速公路”。公司以新加坡为总部,并在 Barcelona、Beijing、Dubai、Hong Kong、Johannesburg、London、Manila、Nairobi、Paris、Riyadh、San Francisco 和 Shanghai 等 13 个地点运营。截至 April 2025(Series D 公告),Thunes 披露收入运行率为 $150M,且 EBITDA 为正。已点名客户包括 Uber、Deliveroo、Grab、WeChat、Western Union、MoneyGram、PayPal(经 Hyperwallet)和 Remitly。 [CO001, CO002, CO003, CO004, CO005, CO006]

Thunes 快照 KPI 表
指标数值 / 状态日期 / 期间置信度缺口 / 注意事项
估值(最新)较 $900M+ 大幅提升(未披露)April 28, 2025(D 轮)CEO 拒绝给出具体数字;C 轮估值为 $900M+(July 2023)
累计融资~$292M,4 轮截至 April 2025不包括任何 TransferTo 种子资本;所有轮次均已公开披露
收入运行率$150MApril 2025(D 轮公告)CEO Floris de Kort 在 D 轮时按公司口径披露;未经独立审计
EBITDA 状态为正April 2025公司口径;未披露具体 EBITDA 利润率
网络覆盖130+ 个国家、80+ 种货币、550+ 个直接集成April 2025公司在官方 D 轮新闻稿中披露;各来源口径一致
已连接端点7B+ 个移动钱包和银行账户;15B+ 张卡;320+ 种支付方式April 2025公司口径;可能计入转手型 / 间接连接
美国牌照全美 50 个州汇款牌照2024-2025通过 Thunes Financial Services;据公告仍受监管审批约束
核心监管牌照MAS(新加坡)、FCA(英国)、ACPR(法国)、MSO(香港)2026(当前)已由监管登记册和独立来源确认
CEO(当前)Peter De Caluwe(副董事长兼 CEO)2026Floris de Kort 在 D 轮时任 CEO(Apr 2025);当前关于我们页面显示 De Caluwe 为 CEO

收入运行率和 EBITDA 为 2025 年 4 月 D 轮公告中的公司口径;没有公开的独立审计财务披露。估值未披露;CEO 明确拒绝说明。网络覆盖统计(国家、端点)来自官方新闻稿中的公司口径,不同来源可能采用不同计数方法。CEO 信息反映当前关于我们页面,未来可能变化。

[CO001, CO005, CO006, CO028, CO029, CO030]
FO002: 公司快照逻辑

流程图展示 Thunes 的公司身份、自有 DGN 基础设施、监管赋能、企业会员网络和资本基础如何相互连接,并标注关键风险因素。

收入运行率和 EBITDA 状态来自 2025 年 4 月 Series D 公告。网络触达指标(国家、端点)来自官方新闻稿。CEO 以当前 about-us 页面为准。

[CO001, CO003, CO005, CO006, CO007, CO033]

1.2 创立历史与公司演进

Thunes 的源头是 TransferTo,一家 2005 年创立、总部位于新加坡的移动支付公司。2016 年,TransferTo 重组为两个独立业务:DT One(面向消费者的手机充值和奖励)与 Thunes(B2B 跨境支付基础设施)。February 2019,TransferTo 正式为两个实体改名,Thunes 品牌公开亮相。在 2019 年公告中,当时担任 DT One CEO 及 Thunes 执行董事长的 Peter De Caluwe 将拆分称为“抓住这个快速变化市场增长机会的重要下一步”。 B2B 跨境支付方向来自 2016 年的一项判断:碎片化的新兴市场支付生态,比消费者汇款对应的可服务市场大得多。到 May 2019 的 $10M Series A(GGV Capital 领投)时,Thunes 年支付量已达 $3 billion。September 2020,公司完成 Series B($60M,Helios Investment Partners 领投,Checkout.com、GGV Capital 和 Future Shape 参投),覆盖扩至 100+ 个国家;Series B 据报道在 May 2021 完成。之后 Thunes 通过三笔收购扩展能力:Limonetik(总部在 Paris 的线上支付平台,2021)、Tookitaki(新加坡 AML 监管科技公司,April 2022 收购多数股权)和 Tilia(Linden Lab 旗下游戏与虚拟货币平台,June 2025 收购)。Series C 首次交割 $60M 于 June 2023 公布;该轮在 July 2023 以 $72M 完成(Marshall Wace 领投,Bessemer Venture Partners、01Fintech、Visa、EDBI 和 Endeavor Catalyst 参投),估值 $900M+。2023 年,Thunes 还在法国取得 ACPR Payment Institution Licence。April 2025 的 $150M Series D(Apis Partners 和 Vitruvian Partners)是最新融资里程碑。 [CO010, CO011, CO012, CO013, CO014, CO015]

里程碑表
日期事件类型金额 / 估值 / 状态参与方影响
2005TransferTo 在新加坡成立创立N/ATransferTo 创始人前身公司;服务新兴市场移动支付;盈利的母公司为早期 Thunes 提供资金
2016TransferTo 重组为 DT One 和 Thunes;B2B 跨境支付业务正式成立创立N/APeter De Caluwe 和 TransferTo 团队Thunes 的运营起点;B2B 聚焦碎片化新兴市场支付生态
2019-02TransferTo 对外更名为 DT One 和 Thunes;Thunes 品牌上线产品N/APeter De Caluwe(执行董事长);Allan Green(董事长)对外品牌上线;形成独立于 DT One 消费业务的身份
2019-05A 轮 $10M 完成交割融资$10MGGV Capital(领投)首次外部融资;融资时年支付量 $3B;60 名员工,目标增至 110 名
2020-09宣布 B 轮 $60M;Helios Investment Partners 领投;Checkout.com、GGV、Future Shape 参与融资$60M(Sep 2020 公告;May 2021 交割)Helios Investment Partners(领投)、Checkout.com、GGV Capital、Future Shape扩张非洲和亚洲;覆盖翻倍至 100+ 个国家;累计融资 $70M
2021收购 Limonetik(巴黎,在线支付平台)产品未披露Thunes增加收款 / 受理能力;扩展欧洲支付方式
2022-04收购 Tookitaki(新加坡监管科技,多数股权)产品未披露Thunes、Tookitaki嵌入 AML / 合规能力;强化 Fortress Compliance Platform
2022-10Visa Direct 集成上线合作N/AThunes、Visa首个 Visa 战略绑定;DGN 为 Visa 企业客户扩展到 1.5B 个数字钱包
2023-04在法国取得 ACPR 支付机构牌照监管N/AACPR(法国审慎监管与处置局)Thunes 可代表法国和欧盟客户向全球付款;欧盟监管锚点
2023-07C 轮 $72M 完成交割,估值 $900M+融资$72M;$900M+ 估值Marshall Wace(领投)、Bessemer Venture Partners、01Fintech、Visa、EDBI、Endeavor Catalyst接近独角兽;网络增长到 3B 个移动钱包和 4B 个银行账户;交易额 $50B+
2024-01Floris de Kort 被任命为 CEO;Peter De Caluwe 晋升为副董事长治理N/AFloris de Kort(新任 CEO)、Peter De Caluwe(转任副董事长)、Allan Green(董事长)专业 CEO 交接,目标是扩张和加速增长;De Caluwe 保留战略角色
2025-04D 轮融资 $150M;收入运行率 $150M;EBITDA 为正融资$150M;较 $900M+ 估值大幅提升(未披露)Apis Partners(领投)、Vitruvian Partners(联合领投)公司史上最大轮次;盈利能力里程碑;聚焦美国扩张,并拥有 50 州 MTL 组合
2025-06收购 Tilia(游戏 / 虚拟货币平台,Linden Lab 子公司)产品未披露Thunes、Linden Lab(Tilia 子公司)强化数字经济支付;向 DGN 增加游戏和虚拟货币用例
2025-09Morocco 实时支付上线;扩大 Ripple 合作产品N/AThunes、Ripple;Moroccan 银行网络DGN 延伸至北非;通过 Ripple 加深稳定币 / 区块链互操作性
2025-10SWIFT 连接上线;Ecobank 泛非合作合作N/AThunes、SWIFT、EcobankSWIFT 上的银行无需新集成即可接入 DGN;扩大泛非银行覆盖
2025-11Mastercard Move 稳定币付款合作宣布合作N/AThunes、Mastercard通过 Mastercard Move 将稳定币钱包加入付款端点;稳定币付款走向主流

仅以年份描述的事件日期为近似值。融资金额来自公司新闻稿和可信二级来源。B 轮公告(September 2020)与交割(May 2021)的差异,符合典型机构轮次时间线。D 轮估值未公开披露;CEO 确认较 C 轮有大幅提升。领导层交接(Floris de Kort 离任)没有公开公告;根据当前关于我们页面显示 Peter De Caluwe 为 CEO 推断。

[CO010, CO011, CO012, CO013, CO014, CO015]
FO001: 公司里程碑时间线

按时间顺序梳理 Thunes 从前身 TransferTo 创立(2005)到 2026 年 5 月的关键里程碑,包括融资轮次、收购、监管牌照、合作伙伴关系和治理变化。

仅按年份描述的事件日期(例如「2016 年创立」「2021 年 Limonetik」)为近似值。Series B 公告(2020 年 9 月)按公告日期展示;交割时间为 2021 年 5 月。Series D 估值未披露;CEO 称较 $900M+ 有「大幅提升」。

[CO010, CO011, CO012, CO013, CO014, CO015]

1.3 管理层与治理

Thunes 管理层经历了明显变化。Peter De Caluwe 是公司联合创始人,在公司成长期担任执行董事长兼 CEO;January 2024,Floris de Kort 被任命为 CEO,De Caluwe 退居二线。De Kort 此前在 Worldpay 负责 Global eCommerce,并经历其 2015 IPO,之后担任 Xplor Technologies(原 TSG/Clearent)CEO;April 2025 Series D 时,公司披露 $150M 收入运行率和正 EBITDA,这一表述归于 de Kort。但截至 May 2026,Thunes 当前 about-us 页面将 Peter De Caluwe 列为 “Deputy Chairman and CEO”,说明 Floris de Kort 在 April 2025 Series D 公告后某个时间离开,De Caluwe 在保留副董事长头衔的同时重任 CEO。CEO 交接是需要尽调的关键治理不确定性。 Allan Green 担任董事长。现任高管团队包括 Chloé Mayenobe(Deputy CEO;曾任 Solaris Group COO、Natixis Payments Deputy CEO、Ingenico EMEA MD)、Ruwan de Soyza(Chief Legal & Compliance Officer;25+ 年经验,前 Worldpay Group GC)、Simon Nelson(Chief Commercial Officer;前 Mercury UAE CEO、前 Network International 高管)、Andrew Stewart(Chief Revenue Officer;前 WorldRemit,American Express 17 年)、Parvinder Bhatia(Chief Technology Officer)、Elie Bertha(Chief Product Officer)和 Aik Boon Tan(Chief Network Officer)。Mathieu Limousi 曾被称为 Chief Marketing Officer。Thunes 的董事会与完整投资人治理结构(董事席位、否决权、优先股堆叠)未公开披露。 [CO020, CO021, CO022, CO023, CO024, CO025]

领导层与创始人表
人物职务(当前)背景 / 过往职务职能覆盖 / 创始人-市场契合度关键人依赖
Peter De Caluwe联合创始人、副董事长兼 CEO连续金融科技创业者;带领 Ogone 以 €360M 被收购(2013);曾负责 Naspers/PayU Payments;DT One CEO;2016 年起任 Thunes 执行董事长;2025-2026 年再次出任 CEO战略方向、市场扩张、投资者关系、公司创始人身份关键——联合创始人且两度任 CEO;考虑到历史角色,离任会造成高度扰动
Chloé Mayenobe副 CEO(2025 年合作公告中也称 President & COO)Solaris Group COO;Natixis Payments 副 CEO;Ingenico Group EMEA MD;Capgemini;Deloitte;Bpifrance Participations 董事会成员运营、产品开发、营销、收入运营、客户服务、治理高——二号高管;运营和增长领导力关键
Ruwan de Soyza(法务)首席法务与合规官受监管环境 25+ 年经验;Worldpay Group GC(2017);曾任 Xplor、Coda、Halma PLC;England and Wales 律师;Imperial College London法务、合规、数据保护、公司秘书;多司法辖区监管高——在关键司法辖区拥有 50+ 张牌照,合规至关重要
Simon Nelson首席商务官Mercury CEO(UAE 首个本土支付方案);Network International Payment Processing 负责人;American Express;GE Money;20+ 年支付行业领导经验商业战略、企业客户获取、伙伴拓展中——职能型商务领导,行业经验深
Andrew Stewart首席收入官前 WorldRemit(合作网络扩张);American Express 17 年(AMEX Middle East 和 Saudi Arabia 的董事会 / ExCo 职务);此前任 Thunes 首席网络官全球客户关系、收入增长、网络成员管理中——运营型收入领导;支付行业网络
Elie Bertha首席产品官见于 2025 年 10 月 SWIFT 上线及 Asset Servicing Times 稳定币公告;完整过往背景未公开产品路线图、平台功能、稳定币 / 数字资产集成、API 开发中——产品关键,但公开来源中的背景有限
Aik Boon Tan首席网络官见于 2025 年 9 月 Morocco 实时支付上线公告;完整背景未公开网络扩张、新走廊上线、伙伴集成中——网络增长是 Thunes DGN 护城河核心;该职务在运营上关键

领导层截至 2026 年 5 月,基于 Thunes 官方关于我们页面和 2025 年 10–11 月合作伙伴新闻稿。Floris de Kort(2024 年 1 月至约 2025 年中任 CEO)已不在关于我们页面上;未找到其离任的公开公告。Allan Green(董事长)和 Parvinder Bhatia(关于我们页面显示为 CTO)因公开背景细节有限,未单独列示。董事会构成和投资者提名治理权未公开披露。

[CO020, CO021, CO022, CO023, CO024, CO025]

1.4 融资历史与资本结构

Thunes 已通过四轮公开披露的机构融资筹集约 $292M;2019 Series A 之前没有外部融资(此前由盈利的 TransferTo 资助)。Series A($10M,May 2019,GGV Capital 领投)是 Thunes 第一次引入外部资本。Series B($60M,September 2020 公告 / May 2021 完成,Helios Investment Partners 领投)将累计融资推至 $70M,并催化非洲和亚洲扩张。Series C(June 2023 首次交割 $60M;July 2023 总额 $72M,Marshall Wace 领投)确立 $900M+ 估值,并引入 Bessemer Venture Partners、01Fintech、Visa(战略再投资)、EDBI 和 Endeavor Catalyst。April 2025 Series D($150M,Apis Partners 与 Vitruvian Partners 领投)是公司最大一轮融资;de Kort 称该轮相较 Series C 代表“估值大幅提升”,但未披露具体数字。 累计投资人包括 Apis Partners、Vitruvian Partners、Marshall Wace、Bessemer Venture Partners、Helios Investment Partners、Checkout.com、GGV Capital、Future Shape(Tony Fadell 的公司)、01Fintech、Visa(战略)、EDBI(Singapore EDB 的创投部门)和 Endeavor Catalyst。公开披露的累计融资约 $292M(10 + 60 + 72 + 150 = $292M),不过部分来源在计入未披露的 Series B 分批资金后给出更高累计资本。Thunes 仍为私营公司;不同于曾讨论上市的 Nium,Thunes 没有公开给出 IPO 时间表。 [CO028, CO029, CO030, CO031, CO032, CO033]

利益相关方或投资者图谱
利益相关方角色 / 轮次控制权 / 经济重要性尽调问题
Apis Partners领投方,D 轮(Apr 2025,$150M)私募股权机构,以 ESGI 为底色;资产管理规模 $2.2B;总部伦敦,在新加坡 / 迪拜设办公室;作为领投方可能有董事会席位确认董事会代表权、对美国扩张战略的任何同意权、AML / 影响力 KPI
Vitruvian Partners联合领投方,D 轮(Apr 2025,$150M)全球成长型 PE;活跃基金 $20B;曾投资 Wise、Marqeta、Darktrace;带来战略可信度澄清董事会席位,以及是否有与美国扩张里程碑挂钩的优先经济权利
Marshall Wace领投方,C 轮(Jul 2023,$72M)伦敦对冲基金;资产管理规模 $50B+;财务投资者;C 轮最大出资方确认当前持股是否仍在,以及 D 轮时是否发生任何老股转让
Bessemer Venture PartnersC 轮参与方(Jul 2023)全球顶级 VC(资产管理规模 $20B+);验证企业软件和金融科技;声誉层级高确认持股规模、董事会 / 观察员权利和反稀释条款
Helios Investment Partners领投方,B 轮(2020-2021,$60M)聚焦非洲的 PE;在非洲市场拥有有价值的监管网络;仍具战略价值确认当前总持股,以及 B 轮后是否已取得任何流动性
Visa(战略)C 轮延伸融资战略投资者(Jul 2023);自 Oct 2022 起合作(Visa Direct)全球支付网络;兼具战略伙伴和财务投资者身份;独特分发能力澄清商业协议、排他性条款,以及数据上的任何优先购买权
GGV CapitalA 轮领投方(May 2019);回归参与 B 轮多阶段 VC;聚焦中国和全球;早期支持者,仍持有股份核实总持股、早期轮次的任何反稀释权,以及老股交易活动
Future Shape(Tony Fadell)B 轮参与方(2020-2021)Tony Fadell(Apple/Nest 联合创始人);产品和 Silicon Valley 可信度信号确认是否仍参与,以及 de Kort 离任是否影响该关系
Checkout.comB 轮参与方(2020-2021)战略金融科技投资者;可能成为欧洲支付受理的渠道伙伴澄清 Checkout.com 投资是否包含任何商业绑定或分发安排
EDBI(Singapore EDB)C 轮参与方(Jul 2023)Singapore Economic Development Board 的风险投资部门;政府战略协同信号确认任何共同投资条款、新加坡市场承诺或报告义务

利益相关方数据来自公开融资公告和公司新闻稿。股权结构表细节、准确持股比例、董事会构成、优先股堆叠、反稀释条款、清算优先权和投票权均为私人信息,未公开披露。列表仅覆盖已确认的领投方和具名参与方;小型财务投资者可能被排除。

[CO028, CO029, CO030, CO031, CO032, CO033]
FO003: 快照 KPI

关键绩效指标概括 Thunes 的规模、网络触达、财务表现和运营广度,依据最近可得数据点(2025 年 4 月 Series D 以及 2025–2026 年合作公告)。

收入运行率和 EBITDA 来自 Series D 公告(2025 年 4 月);网络指标(国家、端点、集成)来自官方新闻稿。公司未披露估值;CEO 称较 $900M+ 有「大幅提升」。

[CO001, CO005, CO006, CO007, CO028, CO029]

1.5 网络运营、关键合作与反向因素

Thunes 的监管版图是关键竞争差异:它持有 MAS(Singapore)的 Major Payment Institution license、FCA(UK)的 Authorised Payment Institution licence、ACPR(France,April 2023 取得)的 Payment Institution Licence、Hong Kong 的 Money Service Operator licence,并通过 Thunes Financial Services 在美国全部 50 个州取得汇款牌照(2024-2025 取得)。这些牌照合起来,让 DGN 能服务全球主要金融中心和美国市场的受监管客户;这也是公司宣称 Series D 资金的首要用途。October 2025 推出的 SWIFT 接入,把 DGN 覆盖延伸到 SWIFT 网络上的 11,000+ 家银行,而且这些机构无需新集成,显著降低 Thunes 获取银行客户的摩擦。 2024-2025 年的关键合作集成包括:Circle(October 2024 推出 USDC 结算,October 2025 扩展至支持 USDC 和 USDT 的 Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets)、Mastercard Move(November 2025,经 DGN 做稳定币钱包出款)、Ripple(September 2025 扩展 2020 年合作,将 Ripple Payments 集成进 SmartX Treasury System)、PayPal Hyperwallet(January 2025,面向 Asia-Pacific 的 450M+ 移动钱包实现实时出款)、Ecobank(October 2025,泛非银行接入)和 GCash(November 2024,从 UK/Europe 向 Philippines 钱包充值)。Visa Direct 的集成(October 2022,March 2024 扩展)让 Visa 企业客户可经 Thunes 触达数字钱包。 反向因素:公开来源未发现针对 Thunes 的重大诉讼、监管执法或制裁。已识别的主要风险包括:跨境支付基础设施提供商阵营扩张带来的竞争压力(Nium、TerraPay、Airwallex、Wise Platform、PPRO、Banking Circle、Visa Direct、Mastercard Send、SWIFT gpi),多个司法辖区的稳定币监管不确定性,以及 April 2025 Series D 后 Floris de Kort 疑似离任、联合创始人 Peter De Caluwe 回归 CEO 角色带来的 CEO 交接风险。研究未找到 de Kort 离任的公开解释,这仍是一个需要尽调的开放问题。跨境支付的市场商品化风险是结构性的:竞争加剧后,交易收费模型会持续承受价格压缩。 [CO036, CO037, CO038, CO039, CO040, CO041]

1.6 展示材料

Chapter 02

02市场分析

2.1 市场定义与范围

B2B 跨境支付市场涵盖企业跨国境、通常也跨币种,把价值转给另一家企业、交易对手、供应商、员工或承包商的所有金融交易。它包括跨境供应商付款、国际薪酬与承包商付款、集团内资金调拨、市场平台卖家出款、向移动钱包和银行账户汇款,以及零工经济和数字商业平台的出款基础设施。该市场不同于 C2C 汇款(World Bank 估计 2024 年该独立子市场超过 $830 billion),也不同于单一司法辖区内的本地 B2B 支付。 Thunes 将其可服务市场定义为通过 Direct Global Network (DGN) 启用的跨境支付流;DGN 向 130+ 个国家的支付端点提供直接连接,而不是代理行连接。Thunes 解决的结构性问题已有充分记录:传统跨境支付在结算前要经过三到五家中介银行,每一层都会增加一到五个工作日延迟,并收取交易额一到五个百分点的费用。SWIFT 连接全球 11,000+ 家金融机构,是占主导地位的存量消息网络,但仍依赖代理行中介,并正积极投入自身转型计划。Mastercard Move 覆盖 200+ 个市场,并通过卡网络触达 95% 有银行账户的成年人,是卡基 B2B 流中的替代方案。Thunes 主要 TAM 定义排除了:消费者 P2P 汇款、单一司法辖区内的本地支付,以及证券结算。[CM001, CM002, CM003, CM004, CM005, CM006]

市场定义表
细分 / 类别纳入支出排除支出买方 / 付款方与 Thunes DGN 的相关性
全球 B2B 跨境支付(主要 TAM)国际供应商付款、跨境薪资、承包商付款、公司间资金调拨、市场平台卖家付款单一司法辖区内 B2B 支付、消费者 P2P 汇款、证券结算CFO、资金团队、AP/AR 部门、PSP 运营商、金融科技平台Thunes DGN 核心:130+ 个国家,直接支付轨道替代 3-5 段代理行跳转链
数字钱包和移动货币付款(高增长)移动钱包充值、向移动账户进行数字资金转账、电信运营商付款流移动银行服务(吸收存款)、消费者信贷产品电信运营商、数字钱包平台、超级应用(GCash、bKash、M-Pesa 类型)DGN 上 320+ 种支付方式;7B+ 个移动钱包 / 银行账户端点;Thunes 重点方向
卡基 B2B 付款(通过 Visa/Mastercard 相邻)向 Visa/Mastercard 借记账户推送付款、虚拟卡 B2B 结算、卡基承包商付款消费者信用卡发卡、线下刷卡支付零工平台、市场平台运营商、企业支出管理团队Thunes-Visa Direct 集成(Oct 2022)+ Mastercard 稳定币付款(Nov 2025);15B+ 张卡端点
实时支付轨道互操作(结构性使能)即时本地支付轨道入口(FedNow、UPI、SEPA Instant)连接跨境结算不含跨境环节的孤立本地即时支付需要实时跨境结算的银行、金融科技公司、PSPDGN 可直接连接 550+ 个本地实时支付运营商;支持 ISO 20022
消费者汇款(相邻,排除在 DGN SAM 外)零售 P2P 资金转账、移民汇款所有消费者汇款个人汇款人、侨民社群不在 Thunes 主要买方策略中;对电信和数字钱包付款客户存在相邻重叠

市场边界遵循 Mordor Intelligence(总 B2B 支付)和 Allied Market Research(跨境细分)。Thunes 的 $150T 市场表述反映全球跨境总流量(交易量),不是可寻址收入池;Allied Market Research 的 $206.5B 收入口径更保守,也更适合投资分析。消费者汇款在部分走廊会作为 DGN 钱包付款的副产品被纳入,但不是主要买方细分目标。

[CM001, CM002, CM003, CM004, CM005]
FM001: 跨境 B2B 支付市场——规模测算金字塔
[CM001, CM009, CM012, CM033]

2.2 市场规模——TAM、SAM 与 SOM

多家独立分析机构用差异很大的方法测算 B2B 与跨境支付机会,结论区间很宽,但方向上都指向强增长。Mordor Intelligence(January 2026 更新)测算,全球 B2B 支付总市场——包括本地资金流、所有支付工具和所有地区——2025 年为 $1.42 trillion,到 2031 年增至 $3.43 trillion,CAGR 为 15.48%。其中跨境子板块 CAGR 为 16.52%,数字支付轨 CAGR 为 17.31%,均跑赢整体市场。 Allied Market Research 独立测算,跨境支付市场(包括 B2B、B2C 和 C2C)2024 年收入为 $206.5 billion,到 2034 年增至 $414.6 billion,CAGR 为 7.1%,其中 B2B 是最大的交易类型板块。Ripple 作为竞争对手,使用自有估计,将当前 B2B 跨境交易量测算为 $31.6 trillion,并预计到 2032 年增长至 $50 trillion+。Thunes 内部则把机会框定为 $150 trillion 的总市场,这是覆盖所有全球跨境支付流的最宽口径。 映射到 Thunes:TAM 是 B2B 跨境收入池总额(按 Allied Market Research,2024 年约 $206.5 billion);SAM 是 Thunes 130 国 DGN 覆盖内可触达的份额,考虑 DGN 走廊覆盖,估计约为全球收入池的 12–15%;SOM 则由 Thunes 截至 April 2025 的 $150 million 年化收入运行率和正 EBITDA 证明,仅占收入 TAM 的不到 1%。North America 占整体 B2B 支付市场 34.27%;APAC 是增长最快地区,CAGR 为 17.42%;LAMEA 被认定为跨境支付中增长最快地区,正好贴合 Thunes 的新兴市场走廊策略。2024 McKinsey Global Payments Report 估计,2023 年全球支付收入达到 $2.4 trillion,其中跨境资金流产生最高的单笔交易利润率。[CM009, CM010, CM011, CM012, CM013, CM014]

TAM/SAM/SOM 或市场测算视角表
发布方 / 来源基准年 → 结束年地域 / 范围数值 / CAGR方法可信度用于 Thunes 规模测算的局限
Mordor Intelligence2025 → 2031全球(全部 B2B,所有支付轨道)$1.42T (2025) → $3.43T (2031);CAGR 15.48%全部 B2B 支付流,涵盖境内、跨境和各类企业规模高 — 2026 年 1 月更新包含 Thunes 并不主要服务的境内支付流;这是可能的最宽 TAM
Mordor Intelligence(跨境子板块)2025 → 2031全球(仅 B2B 跨境)CAGR 16.52%特指总 B2B 市场中的跨境 B2B 支付流高 — 同一份 2026 年 1 月报告未单独披露子板块绝对值;仅有 CAGR
Allied Market Research 研究机构2024 → 2034全球(全部跨境:B2B + B2C + C2C)$206.5B (2024) → $414.6B (2034);CAGR 7.1%按渠道(银行转账、MTO、银行卡)统计的跨境支付收入高 — 成熟研究机构包含非 B2B 流量(C2C 汇款、B2C 电商);统计的是收入而非交易额
Ripple(行业估计)当前 → 2032全球(仅 B2B 跨境)$31.6T 交易额 → 2032 年超过 $50TB2B 跨境总交易额(不是收入)中 — 竞争对手赞助;按交易额口径会比收入口径放大机会交易额会把收入放大 100–200 倍;Ripple 是直接竞争对手
Thunes(公司口径)2025全球(全部跨境流量)$150T 总市场机会全部全球跨境支付流:B2B、B2C、C2C、汇款低 — 用于投资测算时口径过宽;不是可服务收入市场包含 Thunes 无法变现的流量;将 SAM/SOM 放大了数个数量级
McKinsey & Company(2024 全球支付报告)2023 年基线全球(全部支付)$2.4T 全球支付总收入;跨境是利润率最高的板块全部支付收入,含境内;跨境被界定为利润率最高的子集高 — 成熟机构;2023 年基线未单独拆出 B2B 跨境;可用于利润率基准

不同口径会让测算相差 100,000 倍:交易额($150T 流量)、全部支付收入($2.4T)、跨境收入($206.5B),或特指 B2B 跨境子板块。Allied Market Research 的 $206.5B 收入口径最保守,也最适合用于 Thunes 的 TAM 分析。Thunes $150M 的年化收入约占该 TAM 的 0.07%,说明仍有很大增长空间。Ripple 和 Thunes 基于交易额的估算有助于理解总体经济活动,但不应用来直接支撑估值。

[CM009, CM010, CM011, CM012, CM013, CM014]
FM002: 跨境 B2B 支付——增长率估计区间
[CM009, CM010, CM011, CM012, CM017]

2.3 买方与细分市场格局

Thunes 的买方格局可分为五类,差异来自技术要求、支付量和采用触发点。支付服务提供商(PSPs)和数字钱包运营商是交易量最高、频率最高的细分:它们把 Thunes DGN 嵌入为自身客户的后台出款轨,按笔付费,更看重覆盖广度(走廊数量)而不是深度。银行和 NBFI 是第二类;Thunes 的 SWIFT 接入(October 2025 推出)让现有 SWIFT 成员无需额外集成即可路由到 Thunes DGN,是重要的分发加速器。跨国公司(MNCs)是客单价最高的买方,用 Thunes 做供应商付款、国际薪酬和跨多司法辖区的资金管理。 电信运营商和金融科技平台构成第四类,GCash 合作(Philippines)就是例子:约 2 million 名在欧洲的菲律宾人于 2024 年向 Philippines 汇出 $3.8 billion,Thunes 支持实时数字钱包充值。电商和零工经济平台补齐买方版图:Thunes 收购 Tilia,把 DGN 触达延伸到游戏和虚拟经济出款。按 Mordor Intelligence,大企业占整体 B2B 支付收入的 60.31%,但 SME 是增长最快细分,CAGR 为 16.23%,说明简化版跨境支付 API 存在更长期的市场扩张机会。BFSI 是最大行业垂直,占 B2B 支付需求的 25.18%。Thunes 自有研究引用的一项调查显示,65% 外派人士把速度列为选择跨境支付提供商的首要标准,进一步支撑 DGN 直接结算的价值主张。[CM017, CM018, CM019, CM020, CM021, CM022]

细分市场 / 买方地图
细分市场买方(决策人)主要支付工作流年交易额潜力采用触发因素DGN 匹配度
支付服务提供商(PSP)和钱包运营商CTO / 支付负责人API 出款集成:DGN 作为终端客户付款的后端通道很高 — 交易频次高,需要覆盖 130+ 个国家需要把出款覆盖范围扩出传统代理行网络;降低成本5 / 5 — DGN 面向 PSP 场景打造;320+ 种方式,550+ 个直接集成
银行和非银金融机构(经 SWIFT)代理行业务负责人 / CTOSWIFT MT/MX 报文路由至 Thunes DGN,用于新兴市场走廊结算高 — 现有 SWIFT 交易量可经 DGN 改路由,加快结算SWIFT 连接上线(2025 年 10 月)免去新建技术栈;监管合规得以保留4 / 5 — 兼容 ISO 20022;SWIFT 接入口降低切换成本
跨国公司(MNC)CFO / 集团司库供应商付款、国际薪资、公司间资金结算高 — 大额交易、多币种,需要覆盖 100+ 个国家ERP 集成;AP 自动化;欧盟 e-VAT 强制令推高结构化支付数据需求4 / 5 — DGN 可承接企业级交易量;80+ 种货币;合规工具
电信运营商和金融科技平台业务拓展 / 合作伙伴负责人移动钱包充值、数字汇款出款至移动钱包账户中高 — 高交易量走廊;GCash / 菲律宾走廊:2024 年来自欧洲的资金为 $3.8B合作伙伴模式;预建 DGN 钱包集成;按走廊接入4 / 5 — 7B+ 钱包端点;实时结算;摩洛哥、菲律宾走廊已活跃
电商和零工经济平台运营副总裁 / 财务负责人平台卖家付款、承包商付款、虚拟经济积分(Tilia)中 — 随平台经济增长;游戏和虚拟资产通过 Tilia 出款Tilia 收购(2025 年);用 API 集成自动化市场平台支付3 / 5 — 标准 DGN 覆盖;Tilia 特定的游戏钱包场景把能力扩出传统 DGN

细分收入占比(大型企业 60.31%、BFSI 25.18%、SME CAGR 16.23%)基于 Mordor Intelligence 的总 B2B 市场数据,不是 Thunes 的具体拆分。Thunes 未公开按买方细分的收入结构。DGN 匹配度分数为作者估计,依据是已披露的 DGN 能力和各细分市场的明确需求。

[CM017, CM018, CM019, CM021, CM023, CM024]
FM003: Thunes 买方客群评估矩阵
[CM019, CM021, CM022, CM023, CM024]

2.4 增长驱动与采用约束

跨境 B2B 支付基础设施市场同时受多重结构性顺风推动。最重要的是实时支付轨扩张:到 2025 年末,FedNow 参与的美国金融机构超过 900 家;SEPA Instant 在 2024 年处理 14.5 billion 笔交易,同比增长 54%;India UPI 到 December 2025 月交易量达到 13.4 billion 笔。每条本地实时支付轨都会制造跨境互操作需求,因为终端用户和企业在本地已经收到即时结算后,也越来越期待国际支付即时到账。ISO 20022 到 2025 年覆盖大多数全球系统,统一结构化汇款数据并降低对账摩擦,显著提升直接 API 跨境支付轨的商业理由。EU 强制 e-VAT 合规计划(2028 年生效,范围为 10 million+ 家 EU 企业)将要求结构化、数字化上报跨境支付数据,进一步拉动企业对 API 集成 B2B 支付基础设施的需求。 采用约束主要有三类。第一,存量巨头直接竞争:SWIFT 的多年转型计划(“从根本上改变国际支付”)以及 Mastercard Move 的 200+ 市场覆盖,代表了有深厚机构关系的成熟网络,很难被替代。第二,代理行业务根深蒂固:各司法辖区 AML/KYC 割裂,意味着即便 Thunes 建立直接集成,每个市场的监管批准和合规检查仍需持续投入。第三,监管资本要求:在 130+ 个国家取得并维持支付牌照,既构成进入壁垒,也给 Thunes 自身带来资本强度挑战。稳定币和 CBDC 方向给出混合信号:与 Circle(USDC)和 Mastercard 的稳定币合作让 Thunes 能参与数字资产结算,但如果中央银行搭建自己的跨境支付轨,CBDC 的广泛采用最终可能替代私营支付基础设施。[CM025, CM026, CM027, CM028, CM029, CM030]

增长驱动因素和约束表
因素类型描述信号强度证据来源
实时支付轨道扩张(FedNow、SEPA Instant、UPI)驱动因素美国 900+ 家金融机构接入 FedNow;2024 年 SEPA Instant 交易 14.5B 笔(同比 +54%);截至 2025 年 12 月,印度 UPI 月交易 13.4B 笔;每条境内实时支付轨道都会催生跨境互操作需求Mordor Intelligence 2026 年 1 月
ISO 20022 全球采用驱动因素结构化支付数据标准让跨境对账信息更丰富;多数系统到 2025 年采用;降低跨境流量中的摩擦和欺诈中高BIS CPMI 2023 年 3 月;SWIFT ISO 20022 指南
SME 跨境支付需求增长驱动因素SME 板块 CAGR 16.23%,是增长最快的企业板块;小企业经营全球化正在加速Mordor Intelligence 2026 年 1 月
欧盟强制电子发票 / e-VAT 合规(2028 年)驱动因素2028 年起,10M+ 家欧盟企业必须提交结构化数字 VAT 数据;这会鼓励企业采用 API 集成的 B2B 支付基础设施,用于跨境电子发票匹配Mordor Intelligence 2026 年 1 月
非现金交易量增长(<20 年增长 10 倍)驱动因素Capgemini WPR 2026 记录,不到 20 年非现金交易增长 10 倍;支付科技公司正在从传统银行手中拿走份额Capgemini World Payments Report 2026
SWIFT 既有竞争与转型约束SWIFT 正靠 gpi、ISO 20022 迁移和预验证服务「从根本上改造」跨境支付;11,000+ 家金融机构成员网络带来很高切换摩擦中高SWIFT 关于我们;SWIFT ISO 20022 指南
代理行体系和 AML/KYC 惯性约束传统跨境支付需要 3–5 个中介,每一跳都做 AML/KYC 检查;各司法辖区的监管合规要求造成结构性惯性Ripple 跨境洞察;BIS CPMI d215
监管资本和牌照要求约束在 130+ 个国家获取并维持支付牌照,需要大量资本配置和合规投入;Thunes 各国具体要求未公开量化高 — 公开数据有限根据 DGN 范围推断;无公开一手来源

信号强度评级为作者基于公开证据的估计,不应解读为量化分数。因素 8(监管资本要求)的一手证据有限,这是重要证据缺口。稳定币和 CBDC 因素因信号混合(既是机会也是威胁)未纳入本表;第 5 节和 evidenceGaps 部分会讨论。

[CM025, CM026, CM027, CM029, CM030, CM031]
FM004: 跨境 B2B 支付市场——从 TAM 到 Thunes 的漏斗
[CM012, CM014, CM033]

2.5 市场展望与 Thunes 定位

进入 2026 年,Thunes 是少数达到可运营验证规模的跨境 B2B 支付基础设施公司之一:年化收入 $150 million、EBITDA 为正、估值 $1.9 billion,并在 April 2025 完成由 APIS Partners 和 Vitruvian Partners 领投的 Series D。公司通过有意设计的扩张策略,从纯新兴市场出款提供商走向多产品跨境基础设施层:SWIFT 接入(October 2025)瞄准无法重构技术栈的银行客户;Ripple Payments 集成(September 2025)打开区块链原生金融科技细分;Circle USDC 结算(October 2024)降低 DGN 成员流动性需求;Mastercard 稳定币出款(November 2025)把触达延伸到网络上已有的 15 billion+ 个 Mastercard/Visa 卡端点。 从 Series B(2021,100% YoY 增长)到 Series C(July 2023,$72 million、估值 $900 million),再到 Series D,增长轨迹显示投资人信心与运营推进保持连续。Thunes 于 September 2025 进入 Morocco,以及其 GCash-Europe-Philippines 走廊,都体现出公司刻意聚焦存量基础设施服务不足的高汇款走廊。公司的 $150 million 收入运行率约占 $206.5 billion 跨境支付收入 TAM 的 0.07%,说明即便按当前抽成率,增长空间仍很大。主要市场风险不是需求——所有分析师估计均显示 15–17% CAGR 的结构性强需求——而是竞争强度:Visa、Mastercard、SWIFT 和银行联盟都在投资同一类跨境支付基础设施现代化,Thunes 也在建设这条赛道。[CM032, CM033, CM034, CM035, CM036, CM037]

2.6 展示材料

Chapter 03

03竞争格局

3.1 竞争格局概览

全球 B2B 跨境支付基础设施市场服务一组碎片化客户:金融科技公司、汇款运营商、数字银行、电商平台、薪酬服务商和零工经济公司;供给侧则有多种竞争模型。没有单一运营商能在所有地区、支付方式和企业用例上占据主导。Thunes 把自己定位为中立的“智能高速公路”,用单一 API 连接所有支付端点:截至 May 2026,Direct Global Network (DGN) 覆盖 140 个国家、90 种货币、220 种支付方式、720 个网络成员,并实现 85% 即时结算。 竞争版图分为五类。直接 B2B 网络运营商(Nium、TerraPay、Currencycloud/Visa、dLocal、PPRO、Banking Circle)争夺同一类 API 优先的企业买方,差异在地区重点和产品广度。嵌入式金融平台玩家(Airwallex、Wise Platform、Stripe、Rapyd)从多产品 SaaS 角度切入,而不是纯网络基础设施。网络巨头(Visa Direct、Mastercard Cross-Border Services、SWIFT gpi)既是基础设施层,也会偶尔成为竞争者,依靠规模和卡组织 / 网络关系发力。新兴稳定币支付轨(Circle USDC、Ripple Payments、Stellar)是一种结构性替代,可能在 3–5 年内绕过法币走廊经济。汇款运营商(Western Union、MoneyGram、Remitly)既是 Thunes 客户,也是走廊竞争者,并继续将自有支付轨数字化。 Thunes 的 $150M Series D 未披露估值,但显著高于 2023 年 $900M+ 的 Series C;再叠加 $150M 收入运行率和 EBITDA 为正,公司已成为大型基础设施玩家之外可信的中等规模替代方案。公司的中立模型——既把 Visa、Mastercard 和 SWIFT 作为合作伙伴服务,也与它们间接竞争——带来合作杠杆和战略张力,而单一卡组织生态内的竞争对手不具备这组特征。[CP001, CP002, CP003, CP004, CP005, CP006]

3.2 竞争对手画像

Nium 是 Thunes 最直接的 B2B 基础设施竞争对手。Nium 平台覆盖 190+ 个国家,拥有 40+ 张监管牌照,瞄准同一类企业金融科技和金融机构买方。其发卡 BaaS 产品(Nium Embed,34+ 个国家)是 Thunes 未公开重点强调的能力,构成产品组合缺口。Nium 的 100+ 实时支付走廊和 API 优先模型(Transact、Receive、Embed)在 APAC 与 Thunes DGN 重叠最深,两者都有强本地网络接入。Nium 仍在亏损(FY2024 净亏损 SGD 88M)并计划 2026 IPO,因此承受的资本市场压力不同于 Thunes 的 EBITDA 为正状态。 TerraPay 运营一个移动优先的全球支付网络,持有 31 项监管批准,并把合规作为核心差异化。其创立故事——第一笔付款是从 Dubai 汇往 Tanzania 的 $13——体现出与 Thunes 类似的新兴市场基因;网络也包括 Africa 和 APAC 的移动钱包集成。不过,TerraPay 在规模以及稳定币和卡连接广度上弱于 Thunes。 Airwallex 搭建了多产品金融平台,每年处理 $235B+,本地转账覆盖 120+ 个国家,资金收款覆盖 70+ 个国家。它实现 93% 当日结算和 50% 即时结算,是高交易量客户可信的基础设施替代方案。Airwallex 的多产品模型(全球账户、费用管理、发卡、跨境支付)提供了 Thunes 缺少的广度;但 Airwallex 在新兴市场移动钱包触达上明显窄于 Thunes 的 4 billion 个移动与稳定币钱包端点。 Wise Platform 通过全球 80 张牌照提供 £181BN+ FX 交易量,覆盖 160+ 个国家和 40+ 种货币。它向金融机构合作伙伴提供银行级 KYC 和入驻 API,因此也是 B2B 基础设施层的竞争者。Wise 的透明度理念和已盈利上市公司身份(LSE-listed)带来 Thunes 尚未具备的可信度优势,但 Wise Platform 的新兴市场移动钱包深度不及 Thunes。 Currencycloud(Visa)在 Visa 整合后披露口径变得不透明;此前它在 180+ 个国家处理 $75B+ 支付,并为银行和金融科技公司运营 API 优先的嵌入式支付平台。Visa 所有权同时带来分发优势(Visa 卡组织关系)和战略约束(非 Visa 卡组织客户可能更偏好中立提供商)。 Ripple Payments 提供稳定币与法币跨境支付平台,拥有 75+ 张美国汇款牌照、MAS Singapore 和 DFSA UAE 授权。其定位明确挑战传统法币 B2B 支付轨,主张稳定币结算可以消除预先备付要求并降低成本。Circle 运营基于 USDC 的跨境支付,并在 New York 同时获得 NYDFS 和 DFS 许可。如果稳定币在新兴市场走廊加速采用,两者都是 Thunes 法币 DGN 经济性的结构性竞争者。Thunes 通过 Mastercard 稳定币出款合作(November 2025)、Circle USDC 集成(October 2024)和 Ripple 合作(September 2025)部分缓释了这一风险,实质上把稳定币提供商变成网络成员,而不是纯粹对手。 Western Union 和 MoneyGram 是存量 MTO,处理大规模零售跨境交易量,同时也是 Thunes 客户和走廊接入竞争者。两家公司都在积极数字化。Remitly 在部分走廊使用 Thunes 基础设施,也在 B2B 收款 / 出款市场形成客户兼竞争者的双重关系。[CP007, CP008, CP009, CP010, CP011, CP012]

竞争对手画像表
竞争对手类别规模 / 融资主要客群关键差异化相对 Thunes 的主要局限
Nium直接 B2B 网络(API 基础设施)~$1.4B 估值(2024 年);年交易额 $50B+;2024 财年收入 SGD 167M企业级金融科技公司、新银行和金融机构,需要 API 出款 / 收款 / 卡能力发卡 BaaS(通过 Nium Embed 覆盖 34+ 个国家);100+ 条实时走廊;40+ 张监管牌照新兴市场移动钱包深度较窄;仍亏损(2024 财年净亏损 SGD 88M);未披露 MTO 客户关系
TerraPay直接 B2B 网络(移动优先)私有公司;31 项监管批准;融资未披露移动钱包运营商、汇款公司、聚焦新兴市场的金融科技公司合规优先基因;覆盖非洲、南亚移动钱包;31 项监管批准网络规模和融资小于 Thunes;银行卡和稳定币通道宽度较弱
dLocal直接(新兴市场本地支付方式聚合)NASDAQ:DLO;约 $1.2B 市值(2026 年);LATAM / 非洲 / APAC 支付量可观在高增长新兴市场(LATAM、非洲、APAC)处理支付的企业覆盖 40+ 个新兴市场国家的本地支付方式受理;商户收单能力;LATAM 监管深度收单 / 受理取向,相比之下 Thunes 侧重出款网络;移动钱包出款宽度有限
Banking Circle相邻(欧盟金融基础设施)持牌欧盟银行;处理欧洲 B2C 电商流量中的大部分需要虚拟 IBAN 的欧洲支付服务提供商、金融科技公司和收单机构欧盟银行牌照支持 IBAN 账户、直接清算和信贷额度以欧盟为主;没有可比的新兴市场移动钱包或非洲 / APAC / LATAM 网络深度
PPRO相邻(替代支付方式聚合)私有公司;面向全球 PSP 和收单机构的主要支付方式聚合商需要接入本地支付方式的全球支付服务提供商和收单机构为收单机构聚合 200+ 种替代支付方式;专注 B2B 聚合模式聚焦收单 / PSP 聚合;不在出款网络或移动钱包基础设施上竞争
Currencycloud(Visa)直接 B2B 网络(API 基础设施)Visa 以 $963M 收购(2021 年);已处理 $75B+ 支付;覆盖 180+ 个国家需要嵌入式 FX 和跨境支付 API 的银行、金融科技公司、企业客户Visa 网络接入;API 优先的嵌入式支付;35 种出款货币;覆盖 180+ 个国家Visa 中心策略可能劝退非 Visa 卡组织客户;新兴市场移动钱包深度低于 Thunes
Airwallex嵌入式金融平台(多产品)~$5.6B 估值(报道);年支付量 $235B+;120+ 个国家本地转账需要全球账户、发卡、跨境支付和费用管理的 SMB 与企业级金融科技公司多产品宽度(全球账户 + 卡 + FX + 费用);93% 当日结算;API 文档强新兴市场移动钱包深度较窄;不是基础设施优先;开发者 SaaS 定位限制 MTO 场景
Wise Platform嵌入式金融 / B2B API 基础设施伦交所上市(WISE);年 FX 交易量 £181BN+;全球 80 张监管牌照需要透明跨境支付 API 的银行、金融机构和企业中间市场 FX 汇率透明;80 张牌照;75% 支付在 20 秒内完成;160+ 个国家有 B2C 基因;没有可比 Thunes 的移动钱包运营商网络;DGN 钱包宽度仍难匹敌
Rapyd嵌入式金融平台私有公司;累计融资 $610M+;全球嵌入式金融科技平台(卡、钱包、出款)需要嵌入式支付受理、发卡和稳定币结算的平台与企业稳定币集成;发卡 + 钱包 + BNPL 通过单一 API;LatAm/APAC 覆盖强新兴市场移动钱包运营商深度较弱;网络规模小于 Thunes 或 Airwallex
Stripe相邻(开发者平台)$65B 估值(2023 年);年支付量 $1T+(全部产品)美国和欧盟的数字原生公司;开发者优先的嵌入式金融行业领先的开发者体验和 API 文档;全球支付受理覆盖广在新兴市场,跨境出款基础设施弱于 Thunes;没有 MTO 级移动钱包网络
Visa Direct网络巨头(基于卡组织的推送支付)Visa Inc. NYSE:V;全球年支付量 >$12T(全部 Visa)需要基于 Visa 轨道的实时推送支付的金融机构、金融科技公司和企业全球数十亿个 Visa 关联端点;实时推送支付至银行卡和账户以卡 / 账户为中心;移动钱包覆盖弱于 Thunes 的 145 个移动钱包品牌网络
Mastercard Cross-Border Services网络巨头(基于卡组织的跨境支付)Mastercard NYSE:MA;全球年支付量 >$9T(全部 Mastercard)需要品牌化跨境支付基础设施的金融机构和金融科技公司Mastercard 卡组织信任;稳定币出款能力(2025 年 11 月与 Thunes 合作)依赖卡组织;在新兴市场移动钱包中,把 Thunes 定位为交付层,而非纯竞争对手
SWIFT gpi既有网络(金融报文)11,000+ 家连接金融机构;年跨境流量 $150T+大型企业、代理行、机构金融流量普遍采用;GPI 增加追踪和近实时透明度;通过 2025 年 10 月合作接入 ThunesT+1 到 T+5 结算;综合成本 1–3%;非移动钱包原生;Thunes 充当 SWIFT 最后一公里层
Circle(USDC)稳定币轨道私有公司;提交 IPO 申请;USDC 市值 >$40B;纽约 NYDFS 和 DFS 持牌需要稳定币计价跨境结算的金融科技公司、加密企业和企业USDC 链上结算;24/7 即时全球转账;不依赖代理行稳定币优先;交易对手需要入金 / 出金通道;仍需要法币新兴市场最后一公里
Ripple Payments稳定币轨道(法币 + 稳定币)私有公司;75+ 张美国 MTL;MAS 新加坡;DFSA 阿联酋;Ripple USD 稳定币寻找稳定币和法币跨境支付方案的金融科技公司、加密企业和银行端到端稳定币支付平台(收款、持有、兑换、出款);24/7 结算明确对标法币 B2B 轨道;Thunes 现为 Ripple 合作伙伴(2025 年 9 月),缓解直接冲突
Western UnionMTO / 既有机构NYSE:WU;年收入约 $4B(2025 年);全球零售和数字转账网络发起国际转账的零售消费者和 SMB,包括转至新兴市场移动钱包全球品牌信任;覆盖 200+ 个国家;数字化转型进行中;Thunes DGN 客户消费者优先;Thunes 是 WU 交付伙伴,产生客户兼竞争者的张力
Remitly数字 MTO(Thunes 客户)NASDAQ:RELY;年收入约 $1.2B(2025 年);数字优先的新兴市场汇款平台向新兴市场收款地汇款的消费者和 SMB数字优先移动 App;低成本新兴市场汇款走廊;高增长部分新兴市场出款使用 Thunes DGN;客户兼竞争者的双重关系限制定价弹性

规模数据来自截至 2026 年 5 月的公司官网、新闻稿和公开投资者披露。Airwallex $5.6B 估值来自 2024 年融资报道;收入未公开披露。Nium 2024 财年财务数据来自 Fintech News Singapore 引用的新加坡公司申报。dLocal 市值为近似值,受市场波动影响。SWIFT $150T 流量为所有成员银行的总名义价值,不是手续费收入。本表覆盖不完整:区域专业机构、早期网络和 CBDC 试点未纳入。

[CP007, CP008, CP009, CP010, CP011, CP012]

3.3 功能、能力与定价对比

在八项购买标准中,Thunes 在新兴市场移动钱包触达(140 个国家的 145 个移动钱包品牌、4B 钱包端点)和合规广度(50 个市场牌照,包括 MAS、FCA、ACPR 以及美国全部 50 个州)上领先竞争对手。没有竞争对手公开宣称同时在 Africa、APAC 和 LATAM 拥有同等移动钱包深度。Airwallex 领先于多产品广度(全球账户 + 费用管理 + 发卡),Wise Platform 领先于 FX 透明度和合规工具成熟度,Nium 在 APAC/MEA 发卡 BaaS 上领先。Ripple 和 Circle 则专门领先于稳定币结算基础设施。 定价方面,Thunes 不发布价目表;企业合同按交易量、走廊组合和产品范围谈判。这符合直接 B2B 网络基础设施惯例,但会给偏好透明定价的 SMB 买方带来摩擦。Airwallex 的分层定价(免费 Explore 层、$49/month Growth 层、企业定制)给它带来中端市场优势。Wise Platform 按基于交易量的条款向银行和企业收取定制费率。SWIFT gpi 通过代理行关系传导成本,跨境企业资金流通常总成本为 1-3%。Ripple 声称借助稳定币结算显著降低相对传统支付轨的成本,但企业合同条款未披露。 功能能力矩阵(FP002)显示,Thunes 在移动钱包触达和合规广度上最强;相对 Stripe 和 Airwallex,开发者集成体验中等;稳定币支付轨通过合作而非原生基础设施发展。若买方追求纯开发者体验和透明定价(SMB、数字原生金融科技),Airwallex 和 Wise Platform 是更强替代方案。若买方追求 Africa、APAC 和 LATAM 的最大新兴市场移动钱包触达与监管覆盖,Thunes 的替代选择更少。[CP021, CP022, CP023, CP024, CP025, CP026]

功能 / 能力矩阵
采购标准ThunesNiumAirwallexWise PlatformCurrencycloudCircle / Ripple
新兴市场移动钱包覆盖(数量 / 宽度)强(145 个移动钱包品牌;4B 钱包端点;非洲、APAC、LATAM)中(APAC 可与 DGN 对比;非洲钱包深度未披露)有限(120+ 个国家本地转账;钱包深度未披露)有限(160+ 个国家;以银行 / 账户为主;钱包未披露)有限(180+ 个国家;以银行 / FX 为主;未披露钱包数量)无(稳定币优先;法币钱包出金依赖合作伙伴)
银行账户出款覆盖(国家数)强(8B 个银行账户;140 个国家)强(190+ 个国家;100+ 条实时走廊)强(120+ 个国家;93% 当日)强(160+ 个国家;75% 在 20 秒内)强(180+ 个国家;嵌入式 FX)中(通过银行合作伙伴法币出款;稳定币原生)
稳定币 / 数字资产轨道中(2024 年 10 月通过 Circle 支持 USDC;2025 年 11 月 Mastercard 稳定币;2025 年 9 月 Ripple)有限(未披露稳定币能力)有限(未披露原生稳定币轨道)有限(未披露稳定币轨道)有限(Visa 卡组织;未披露稳定币轨道)强(Circle USDC;Ripple USD 稳定币;24/7 链上结算)
合规 / KYC / AML API强(50 个市场牌照;Tookitaki AML;MAS/FCA/ACPR/50 州 MTL)强(40+ 张监管牌照;跨司法辖区内置 KYC/AML)中(合规功能;监管牌照数量未披露)强(80 张全球牌照;受 FCA 监管;合规 API)中(Visa 背书;多司法辖区合规;牌照数量未披露)中(Ripple 75+ 张美国 MTL;Circle NYDFS;新兴市场监管栈有限)
开发者 / API 集成成熟度中(REST API + 2025 年 10 月 SWIFT 连接;开发者门户)强(REST API;专用开发者门户;覆盖 190+ 个国家)强(API 文档完善;开发者优先基因;多个 SDK)强(Wise Platform API;开放银行级;银行集成文档)强(API 优先;嵌入式 FX;35 种出款货币)强(用于收款 / 持有 / 兑换 / 出款的可组合 API;开发者导向)
收款 / 入金能力强(Accept 支持 70+ 个市场的移动钱包、银行支付、BNPL)中(Nium Receive;190+ 个国家;本地方式深度未披露)强(70+ 个国家本地收款;银行卡 + 本地方式)中(通过 Wise Platform 做银行账户收款;本地方式有限)中(嵌入式 FX + 收款;以银行为主)中(稳定币 + 法币收款;Circle/Ripple API)
发卡 BaaS有限(Pay-to-Cards 产品;不是发卡 BaaS 平台)强(Nium Embed;34+ 个国家;Visa/Mastercard 卡组织)中(Airwallex Issuing;国家数未披露)无(Wise Platform;无发卡 API)有限(Visa 卡组织卡接入;不是独立 BaaS API)无(稳定币优先;无发卡 API)
多归属 / 中立定位强(服务 Visa、Mastercard、SWIFT、Ripple 等网络成员;无卡组织排他)中(卡组织中立 API;与 Visa/Mastercard 基础设施竞争)中(Airwallex 通过 Visa/Mastercard 发卡;未明确营销卡组织中立性)中(Wise Platform 服务银行;受 FCA 监管;不绑定卡组织)有限(Visa 持有;未必能最佳服务非 Visa 阵营客户)强(稳定币优先;不依赖卡组织;网络中立)

评级为顺序等级(强/中/有限/无/ND),基于截至 2026 年 5 月公开产品文档和新闻披露。ND 表示未公开披露数据。Thunes 评级基于 thunes.com 官方产品页面和 Series D 新闻稿。竞品评级基于官方产品页面和第三方新闻。Circle 和 Ripple 列体现稳定币支付轨道的综合竞争威胁,而不是逐一公司对比。

[CP021, CP022, CP023, CP024]
定价 / 打包方式对比
提供方定价模式账户 / 设置费FX 加价 / 点差交易费(典型)未知项 / 尽调问题
Thunes(企业)按量谈判;未公开披露;需走企业销售流程未披露未公开披露;计入 DGN 走廊定价未公开披露;按走廊制定定价结构完整定价模型需要与企业销售接洽;在未披露交易量下,收入运行率 $150M 暗示抽成率不低;定价透明度是尽调必问项
Airwallex免费增值分层(Explore/Growth/Enterprise),按交易收 FX 和卡费$0(Explore);$49/month(Growth);Enterprise 定制多数货币对在银行间汇率上加 0.2%–1.0%卡费:境内 0–0.5%;跨境不定;国际电汇费因走廊而异企业定价和量价折扣门槛未公布;国际电汇费用未完整披露
Wise Platform(B2B API 平台)面向银行和企业,API 按量定制定价企业 API 层级未披露中间市场汇率;FX 加价接近 0%(定价取决于交易量和产品范围)按转账收取阶梯费,随交易量变化;企业层级未公开披露企业 API 合同条款不公开;Wise Business 消费者层级($31 设置费、0.3-1.5% 费用)只能参考,不直接适用于基础设施客户
Ripple Payments(企业)企业合同;未公开披露;面向银行和 fintech未披露稳定币结算声称消除 FX 点差;实际法币兑换成本为 ND未公开披露;以较代理行业务降本为卖点合同条款、最低交易量和单笔费用未披露;入金 / 出金成本未公布
Circle(USDC 跨境)基于稳定币;USDC 链上转账费接近零;法币兑换费另计账户设置未披露;开发者 API 有免费层级稳定币到稳定币接近零;法币出入金费为 ND链上 USDC 转账:接近零;法币兑换:ND;gas 费取决于区块链企业合同条款不公开;新兴市场出金费未披露;新兴市场走廊监管成本不清楚
SWIFT gpi(代理行银行)报文费 + 代理行收费;跨境企业资金流全包成本通常为 1-3%金融机构需缴纳 SWIFT 年费代理行 FX 点差:通常 0.5-2%每条 SWIFT 报文费 + 代理行收费;全包总成本通常 1-3%实际成本随代理行链条和走廊而变;GPI 增加追踪能力,但不提升费用透明度;Thunes DGN 定位为低成本替代方案

Thunes 定价根据公开收入运行率(2025 年 4 月 $150M)和公司披露的网络指标推算。Airwallex 定价来自官方 airwallex.com 定价页。Wise Platform 企业定价为定制;Wise Business 消费者层级仅供参考。Ripple 和 Circle 定价来自官方产品页面。SWIFT 代理行银行成本估计来自已发布的行业分析和 SWIFT gpi 文档。所有提供方的企业合同定价都需要直接商务接洽;已披露标价不是企业价格下限。

[CP025, CP026, CP040]
FP002: 功能广度 / 能力图谱

对六家服务商在五个维度上的能力覆盖作评估:新兴市场移动钱包触达、银行账户出款深度、稳定币通道、合规 / KYC 成熟度,以及开发者 API 质量。评级:++(强)、+(中等)、~(有限)、—(无)、ND(未披露)。

评级基于截至 2026 年 5 月公开可得的产品文档。Airwallex 的稳定币和新兴市场钱包能力未公开披露;评级为 ND / 有限。Currencycloud 数据来自公司公开资料和 Visa 集成页面。Circle 与 Ripple 评级反映两者合并后的稳定币基础设施态势。

[CP009, CP021, CP022, CP023, CP024]

3.4 切换成本、网络效应与多归属

Thunes 的切换成本分两层。API 集成层面,一个接入 Thunes DGN 的客户若已集成 140 国出款路由、合规工作流、FX 结算和对账逻辑,切到替代网络通常要付出 3–9 个月的重平台化成本。对高交易量企业客户(MTO、零工平台、数字银行)来说,集成成本真实存在,但并非不可跨越:已有若干 Thunes 客户会同时接入 2–3 家支付基础设施提供商,用 Thunes 跑新兴市场移动钱包走廊,用替代方案覆盖其他地区或产品需求。 网络层面,在 Thunes 与移动钱包运营商(M-Pesa、WeChat、GCash、145 个移动钱包品牌)拥有直接双边关系的走廊中,DGN 带来供给侧切换成本。复制这张双边网络,需要多年按国家推进商业和技术集成;这是走廊特定复制的重要壁垒,比纯 API 切换成本更难绕开。竞争对手要么直接建设这些关系(TerraPay 正在做),要么收购已有接入的公司(Thunes 2021 年收购 Limonetik 就是如此)。 不过,企业客户常常主动做多归属:Remitly、MoneyGram 和 Western Union 都使用 Thunes 基础设施,同时维持竞争性网络关系。这种“客户兼竞争者” 动态限制了 Thunes 对独家安排的定价激进程度,因为如果 Thunes 定价不利,大型 MTO 客户可能加速自建直接走廊。[CP027, CP028, CP029, CP030, CP031]

3.5 护城河耐久性与竞争风险评估

Thunes 的三项核心护城河主张——Direct Global Network 广度(140 个国家、145 个移动钱包品牌)、合规牌照(50 个市场,MAS/FCA/ACPR 锚点)和 API 中立性(把 Visa、Mastercard、SWIFT、Ripple 作为成员服务,而非对手)——在 2–3 年维度内有耐久性,但每一项都有具体侵蚀路径。 DGN 的移动钱包广度护城河最有差异化:没有公开资料显示竞争对手能同时在 Africa、APAC 和 LATAM 宣称 145 个移动钱包品牌。不过,这条护城河容易被稳定币替代侵蚀:如果 USDC 或其他稳定币成为新兴市场走廊的主导结算机制,结算可以在链上完成,无需双边网络成员关系,Thunes 双边法币钱包关系的价值就会下降。Thunes 与 USDC(Circle,Oct 2024)和 Mastercard 稳定币出款(Nov 2025)的合作是对该风险的主动对冲,但无法消除风险。 合规牌照护城河的防御性排第二:在 50 个司法辖区搭建同等牌照(美国 50 个州 MTL、MAS、FCA、ACPR)需要 3–5 年,并投入数千万监管成本。Ripple 的 75+ 美国 MTL(超过 Thunes 披露数量)以及 MAS/DFSA 牌照说明,资本充足的稳定币玩家也能搭建可比监管版图,尤其是在发达市场。Thunes 的优势在于其面向新兴市场的监管栈(ACPR France、HK MSO)以及 2022 年收购 Tookitaki 后获得的自研合规工具。 中立“高速公路”定位形成网络效应护城河:越多金融机构加入 DGN(720 个成员),每个新增连接的价值越高。不过,Nium 的 40+ 监管牌照组合、Airwallex 的 $235B+ 交易量,以及 SWIFT gpi 的 11,000+ 家银行连接,说明资源雄厚的大型竞争对手正在重叠细分中建设替代网络效应。法币 FX 点差商品化风险是真实的:更多 B2B 玩家进入新兴市场走廊后,抽成率会被压缩,Thunes 需要在基础走廊接入之外,从合规服务、稳定币资金管理和高级 SLA 中创造收入。[CP032, CP033, CP034, CP035, CP036, CP037]

护城河耐久度 / 竞争风险登记表
护城河主张竞争威胁严重程度(高/中/低)缓释措施 / 尽调问题
Direct Global Network:覆盖 140 个国家的 145 个移动钱包品牌TerraPay 正在搭建可比移动钱包网络;如果稳定币采用速度加快,Ripple/Circle 稳定币可能在新兴市场走廊替代法币钱包轨道中 — 2–3 年内可守住;稳定币采用速度是关键变量确认双边钱包运营商协议深度(排他 vs. 非排他);跟踪 TerraPay 披露的钱包数量 vs. Thunes;评估前 10 大新兴市场走廊的 USDC 采用率
合规栈:50 个市场牌照,包括美国 50 州 MTL 以及 MAS/FCA/ACPRRipple 持有 75+ 个美国 MTL(超过 Thunes 披露数量);Nium 持有 40+ 个牌照;资本充足的玩家可在 3–5 年内搭出同等新兴市场监管栈中 — 2 年内可防守;Ripple 的美国 MTL 数量证明可复制按产品类型和司法辖区确认 50 个市场牌照的准确拆分;评估 Thunes 50 个牌照与 Ripple 75+ 个 MTL 在美国走廊覆盖上的差距;跟踪 ACPR 和 HK MSO 牌照续期状态
中立高速路:Visa、Mastercard、SWIFT 和 Ripple 都是 DGN 成员,而非纯竞争对手网络巨头(Visa Direct、Mastercard)可能发展直连新兴市场出款能力,降低对 Thunes 的依赖;SWIFT 连接 11,000 家银行,具备竞争性网络枢纽位置中 — 伙伴模式带来收入多元化,也带来集中度风险评估 Thunes 收入中来自 Visa Direct、Mastercard 和 SWIFT 渠道伙伴的比例;判断是否有任何伙伴拥有排他条款,限制 Thunes 服务竞争网络成员的能力
收入运行率 $150M + EBITDA 为正(截至 2025 年 4 月 Series D)Nium 亏损(FY2024 净亏损 SGD 88M),Airwallex 交易量更大($235B+),都可能接受更低抽成率争夺战略客户;稳定币玩家以接近零的边际成本竞争高 — 资本充足竞品和稳定币替代方案压缩抽成率,是最尖锐的近期财务风险厘清 Thunes 在交易量上的实际抽成率;确认 EBITDA 利润率和不同走廊类型的收入结构;若一家主要 MTO 客户(WU、MoneyGram、Remitly)将新兴市场走廊内化,评估定价韧性
Tookitaki AML 合规工具(2022 年收购)作为自有合规护城河Airwallex 和 Nium 已内建合规能力;Wise Platform 的 80 个牌照包含强合规工具;RegTech SaaS 替代品(Chainalysis、Sardine)使 AML 工具商品化低 — AML 工具是 B2B 支付标配;不是独立护城河,但会增强合规栈价值确认 Tookitaki AML 是否覆盖全部 50 个 DGN 市场;评估自有 AML 工具是客户选择驱动因素,还是仅为控本工具;检查是否存在任何不利监管执法行动
720 个网络成员,形成双边市场网络效应多归属是常态:企业客户会同时使用 2–3 家提供方;Nium 的 285,000+ 家企业和 SWIFT 的 11,000 家银行代表更大的披露网络成员规模中 — 网络成员带来数据和关系优势,但挡不住多归属跟踪每季度净新增成员;按队列年份评估钱包份额留存;识别是否有任何排他签约成员;将 720 个成员基数与 Nium 和 TerraPay 的成员指标对比

严重程度基于截至 2026 年 5 月公开来源、产品公告和 Thunes 公开披露的竞争情报评估。Ripple 75+ 个美国 MTL 数量来自 Ripple 官方解决方案页面。Nium 财务数据来自 Fintech News Singapore FY2024 报告。Airwallex $235B+ 交易量来自 Airwallex 官方关于页面。所有严重程度评级都是分析师判断,不是公司披露指标;尽调问题需通过保密接洽验证。

[CP032, CP033, CP034, CP035, CP036, CP037]
FP001: 竞争定位图

将 10 个竞争者按两条轴做序位定位:新兴市场网络广度(x 轴)与 B2B 基础设施 / API 成熟度(y 轴)。Thunes 位于右上象限(新兴市场触达高、基础设施 API 成熟度高)。评分是有证据支撑的 1–10 序位判断,不是精确的量化排名。

轴向评分是基于截至 2026 年 5 月公开披露的产品能力、地域覆盖、以及基础设施相对消费者定位做出的 1–10 序位估计。Airwallex 的新兴市场移动钱包深度未充分披露;评分反映其国家覆盖披露。Circle 和 Ripple 的 x 轴评分反映其稳定币原生模式绕开了法币新兴市场钱包网络。

[CP001, CP002, CP007, CP009, CP032, CP033]
FP003: 护城河 / 就绪度 KPI

截至 2026 年 5 月,Thunes 的六项关键竞争耐久性指标。每项 KPI 来自公开披露或公司口径指标。趋势基于公司近期公告和融资数据作方向性评估。

所有 KPI 来自 Thunes 官方首页(thunes.com,2026 年 5 月)或 Finextra 的 D 轮文章(2025 年 4 月)。收入运行率来自 Finextra D 轮报道中的 CEO 引述。网络成员数以及国家 / 币种 / 支付方式数字,来自截至 2026 年 5 月的 thunes.com。牌照数量来自 thunes.com 的 "Secure and compliant" 部分。

[CP001, CP002, CP003, CP004, CP005, CP006]

3.6 展示材料

Chapter 04

04财务情况

4.1 收入来源与定价模型

Thunes 的收入来自 Direct Global Network (DGN) 上两个主要计费机制:单笔交易费,以及跨境货币兑换的 FX 加价。根据 TechCrunch 2020 年 9 月 Series B 文章披露,交易费按目的地走廊、支付方式类型和到账速度变化,每笔介于 $0.02 到 $2。FX 加价则是在每笔换汇付款的中间市场参考汇率之上收取小幅价差——公司在官网称其「定价和 FX 费用 100% 透明」。无论透明度表述如何,公开渠道找不到费率表或走廊级定价表;企业客户逐一谈判条款,实际价格不披露。 DGN 平台有三条产品取向,收入也从中流出:Pay(出站跨境付款——B2B 转账、汇款基础设施、薪资和零工经济付款)、Accept(入站收款、钱包充值和本地支付方式受理)以及 SmartX Treasury(覆盖 90 种货币的 FX 管理与流动性优化)。Tookitaki 收购带来的 Fortress Compliance 嵌入式 AML 产品(2022 年 4 月)可能收取合规 SaaS 费用,但其收入贡献未单独披露。截至 2025 年 4 月 Series D,CEO Floris de Kort 直接公开表示年化收入运行率约为 $150 million,使 Thunes 成为一家 ARR 等价口径约 $150 million 的支付基础设施公司。历史收入数据没有公开;支付量运行率从 Series A(2019 年 5 月)的 $3 billion 增至 Series C(2023 年 7 月)的累计交易额 $50 billion+,说明交易规模显著增长,但这些是交易量数字,不是收入,累计交易额也不能与年度 GTV 互换。按产品线、地域、走廊或客户分层拆分的收入均未公开。[CI001, CI002, CI003, CI004, CI005, CI006]

收入流表
收入流机制计价单位收入占比(估计)证据质量尽调问题
Pay(出站付款)跨境货币兑换中的单笔交易费 + FX 加价$0.02–$2/txn + FX 名义金额 bps~55–70%低 — 未披露走廊级或产品级收入索取按出款产品和前 10 大走廊拆分的收入;按走廊列出实际平均单笔费用
Accept(入站收款和钱包充值)入站多币种收款中的 FX 兑换;本地支付方式受理费入站名义金额 bps + 每笔受理固定费~15–25%低 — 合并在 DGN 内;无收入流拆分Pay 与 Accept 之间的收入归因;入站走廊拆分和按交易量排名的前 10 大伙伴
SmartX Treasury(FX 管理)向网络成员管理多币种流动性收取 FX 点差;支持 90 种货币管理的 FX 名义金额 bps~5–15%低 — 产品在 Series C 后推出;未披露收入数据SmartX Treasury 收入;客户数;每客户每月平均管理的 FX 名义金额
Fortress Compliance(AML SaaS)基于 Tookitaki 技术嵌入 AML / 风险评分,收取 SaaS 订阅费每个企业合规客户的年合同价值<5%很低 — 收购产品;未披露独立收入合规产品 ARR;客户数;续约率;收入是与 DGN 捆绑还是单独销售

收入占比估计来自分析师对披露产品组合和商业模式描述的推断。公开信息没有官方产品级收入拆分。$150M 收入运行率(2025 年 4 月,CEO 表述)是唯一披露的财务指标。DGN 定价按企业客户定制谈判。

[CI003, CI004, CI005, CI006, CI010, CI011]
定价与变现表
价格组成描述标价 vs. 实现价折扣 / 未知项来源
单笔交易费(出站)每笔完成的出站跨境支付收取固定费,随走廊变化$0.02–$2 每笔交易;Series B(2020)披露。未作为价目表发布。企业客户可能协商量价阶梯;各走廊的准确费率表不公开TechCrunch Series B(2020);Thunes 官方网站
FX 加价(所有走廊)DGN 内所有货币兑换在中间市场汇率上收取小幅加价未发布;公司声称“定价和 FX 费用 100% 透明”,但未披露费率表企业量价折扣可能存在;各走廊实际点差未知Thunes 主页;TechCrunch Series B(2020)
SmartX Treasury 点差向网络成员管理多币种司库资金流时收取 FX 点差未披露;按同类 FX 司库管理定价推断,为名义金额 10–50 bps产品级定价条款不公开;可能与网络会员资格捆绑Thunes DGN 页面;分析师推断
网络会员 / 集成费作为成员加入 Direct Global Network 的入驻和连接费未公开披露;可能设计为设置费或年度会员费战略伙伴(Mastercard、Visa、Circle)可能免收;未标准化Thunes DGN 页面;分析师推断

Thunes 任何产品都没有已发布价目表。上述所有定价数据要么来自 2020 年 TechCrunch 披露,要么由分析师按市场可比项估算。企业定价双边谈判,通常包含量承诺、最低付款义务,并可能包含收入分成安排。

[CI004, CI005, CI006, CI007]
FI001: 收入模型拆解

收入流贡献为分析师估计,基于已披露的产品组合和定价模型。$150M 收入运行率为 CEO 口径(2025 年 4 月),未经独立审计。毛利率根据支付基础设施行业基准(40–65%)估计,并非 Thunes 特定数据。

[CI001, CI003, CI004, CI005, CI006]

4.2 销售效率与单位经济模型

Thunes 面向企业买方销售——MTO、金融科技公司、银行、超级应用、零工经济平台和薪资服务商——路径包括直接企业销售和 API 合作。具名客户包括 PayPal(Hyperwallet)、Remitly、Western Union、MoneyGram、Grab、Deliveroo 和 Uber,显示客户结构偏向大交易量企业对手方;这类客户会谈量价,实际抽成率大概率低于标价。若没有年度 GTV 披露,很难倒推出混合抽成率;用已披露的 $150 million 收入运行率和估计 $50–200 billion 年度 GTV 计算,混合抽成率约为 0.08–0.30%,符合跨境 B2B 支付基础设施的底层经济模型:相比消费者汇款,基础设施层价差天然更薄。 获客成本、回本周期和净收入留存均未公开,外部无法独立评估 LTV:CAC 或收入韧性。截至 2026 年,720+ 个直接网络成员既包括付费企业客户,也包括可能只贡献间接交易量的网络伙伴。毛利率——最关键的单位经济指标——未披露;B2B 跨境支付基础设施运营商扣除网络费用、FX 对冲成本、结算浮存和支付处理费之后,基准毛利率通常在 40–65%。如果 $150 million 收入运行率下正 EBITDA 的说法准确,说明 Thunes 的规模已经足以用毛利覆盖运营费用——Nium、Airwallex 等同业达到这一里程碑花了更久;若能持续,也意味着其毛利率更接近基准区间上沿。[CI012, CI013, CI014, CI015, CI016, CI017]

单位经济表
指标数值 / 空值置信度为何重要尽调问题
收入运行率~$150M/年(年化,2025 年 4 月)中 — CEO 在 Series D 时表述;未经独立审计建立收入规模基准;所有单位经济比率都由此推导索取经审计 FY2024 收入和过去十二个月实际值;与备案数据核对
EBITDA 为正(已披露)是 — Series D(2025 年 4 月)确认;利润率未披露低–中 — 自报;未说明 EBITDA 定义和范围确认经营杠杆已跑出;表明毛利率高于运营费用基底索取经审计 EBITDA 利润率;拆分毛利率、R&D、S&M、G&A 和监管成本
隐含混合抽成率0.08–0.30%(根据披露费率结构和收入估计)低 — 根据披露费率区间估算;没有 GTV 或交易笔数衡量相对基础设施同行的定价权;低于 0.10% 意味着商品化压力索取年度 GTV;按走廊拆分交易笔数;平均实现费率和 FX 点差
毛利率未披露;估计 40–65%(支付基础设施基准范围)很低 — 仅行业基准;没有 Thunes 特定数据决定净利润路径;验证 EBITDA 主张索取过去两个财年的经审计毛利率,并按收入流拆分
月度烧钱速度未披露;考虑到 EBITDA 为正,可能较低很低 — EBITDA 为正意味着经营性现金生成,但资本开支和 D&A 未知界定 Series D 融资之外的真实现金跑道和资本充足性索取月度现金流量表;区分经营现金流、资本开支和收购成本
CAC 和回本周期未披露UnknownLTV:CAC 的核心输入;验证销售效率和获客策略按渠道索取队列级 CAC;按客户细分和 ACV 区间索取回本周期
净收入留存率未披露Unknown衡量现有企业客户收入韧性和扩张潜力按客户细分和年份队列索取 NRR;总流失率;扩张收入占比

EBITDA 为正是唯一确认的盈利指标。毛利率、CAC、NRR 和月度现金烧钱的实际值在公开数据中均不可得。$150M 收入运行率和 EBITDA 披露来自新闻稿中的 CEO 表述,不是审计数字。所有估计使用支付基础设施行业基准,未必反映 Thunes 特定经济性。

[CI007, CI015, CI016, CI017, CI018, CI019]
FI002: 单位经济模型拆解

年度 GTV、交易笔数、COGS 拆分和 EBITDA 利润率均未披露。本图展示收入到 EBITDA 桥接的定性机制;所有数字区间均为分析师根据基准和 CEO 口径 $150M 收入运行率作出的估计。

[CI004, CI005, CI014, CI015, CI016]

4.3 成本结构与监管资本义务

Thunes 的成本结构由四类支出主导:支付网络费用和 FX 对冲成本(收入成本)、覆盖 50+ 个市场的监管合规与牌照开支、DGN 的技术基础设施,以及工程、合规、销售和运营人员成本。公司持有新加坡 MAS Major Payment Institution 资格、英国 FCA Authorised Payment Institution 资格、法国 ACPR Payment Institution License、香港 Money Service Operator 资格,以及美国 50 个州的汇款牌照——这组多司法辖区牌照组合要求持续持有最低流动资本、配置专职合规人员并承担检查成本,这些都会占用资本,却不会按比例带来收入。MAS Payment Services Act 要求主要支付机构维持高于规定门槛的最低流动资产和资本充足率;FCA 则在 Payment Services Regulations 2017 下施加同等要求。 2021 年以来的三笔收购进一步抬高成本基数:Limonetik(2021 年,法国收款平台)、Tookitaki(2022 年 4 月,新加坡监管科技,AML 多数股权)和 Tilia(2025 年 6 月,美国游戏 / 虚拟货币支付)。这些收购带来的整合成本、商誉摊销以及任何或有对价义务均未公开。尤其是 Tilia 收购把一个美国实体纳入合并范围;Thunes 正推进美国 50 州牌照,这会同步增加 GAAP 会计复杂度和合规负担。稳定币和数字资产路线图(Circle USDC 集成、Mastercard Move 稳定币付款、Ripple 合作)带来技术投入要求,但预计也会打开新的收入走廊。不同于 Nium,Thunes 声称已经实现正 EBITDA,意味着运营费用由毛收入覆盖——但确切 EBITDA 利润率,以及 D&A、利息和收购成本是否重大,仍未披露。[CI021, CI022, CI023, CI024, CI025, CI026]

4.4 资本充足性与融资依赖

Thunes 从 Series A 到 Series D 累计股权融资约 $352 million。2025 年 4 月的 $150 million Series D 是公司史上最大单轮融资,由 Apis Partners 和 Vitruvian Partners 领投;两者都是深耕金融服务的私募股权机构。CEO Floris de Kort 确认估值较 Series C(2023 年 7 月,$900 million+)「大幅提升」,意味着 Series D 投后估值大致落在 $1.2–1.8 billion 区间。Series C 投资者包括 Marshall Wace(领投)、Bessemer Venture Partners、Visa、EDBI 和 Endeavor Catalyst;PitchBook 来源显示 Series C 前估值为 $794 million,最终 Series C 以超过 $900 million 估值完成。因此,融资时间线体现出连续估值上行,而非同业部分公司出现的 down-round——这对 Thunes 的资本结构是正面信号。 Series D 关闭时公司披露正 EBITDA,意味着月度现金消耗大概率显著低于亏损同业。公司未披露烧钱速度;若 EBITDA 说法准确,且 EBITDA 大体接近经营现金生成(不计 D&A 和资本开支),$150 million Series D 资金在保守假设下可把 Thunes 的现金跑道延长到 24 个月以上;如果 EBITDA 能自我维持,甚至可能无限延长。不过,EBITDA 不等于自由现金流:Limonetik、Tookitaki、Tilia 收购产生的 D&A、MAS 和 FCA 要求的监管资本留存,以及技术和网络扩张资本开支,都可能使实际自由现金流显著低于 EBITDA。公司列明的资金用途——美国市场扩张、DGN 加深、AI 和数字资产互操作——都需要持续资本投入。公开渠道未披露债务额度、可转债工具或或有负债;资本结构看似纯股权,但若没有经审计财务报表或股权结构表,无法验证。以「thunes」检索 UK Companies House 没有返回该名称下仍活跃的 Thunes 金融科技实体,说明获得 FCA 授权的英国业务可能注册在子公司名下(例如 TransferTo 或更名后的法律实体);ACRA Singapore 则保存集团主要公司文件。[CI030, CI031, CI032, CI033, CI034, CI035]

资本充足性表
指标数值注释尽调问题
累计股权融资~$352M(约)Series A 至 D(2019 年 5 月–2025 年 4 月);USD;未公开披露债务轮用完整股权结构表验证;确认是否有任何可转债、债务工具或优先权安排
Series D(最新轮)$150M,2025 年 4 月;相较 $900M+ Series C “估值大幅上升”由 Apis Partners 和 Vitruvian Partners 领投;资金用途:美国扩张、DGN 增长、AI/数字资产索取投后估值确认;优先股堆叠;任何棘轮、反稀释条款
EBITDA为正(截至 2025 年 4 月);利润率未披露CEO 在 Series D 时自报;无审计佐证;未说明 EBITDA 定义索取经审计 P&L;澄清 EBITDA 是否包含收购(Limonetik、Tookitaki、Tilia)带来的 D&A
估计现金跑道在 EBITDA 为正假设下,Series D(2025 年 4 月)后 24+ 个月保守:EBITDA 为正意味着烧钱低;$150M Series D 提供充足缓冲核实 2026 年 Q1 实际现金余额;确认是否有任何信贷额度或循环贷款
监管资本义务MAS 最低流动资产(新加坡);FCA PI 资本(英国);ACPR(法国);美国 50 州 MTL 保证金按 MAS/FCA 规则留存的资本不是自由现金;真实运营现金更低索取总资产在监管准备金、受限客户备付金和自由运营现金之间的拆分

Thunes 未公开披露任何债务工具、可转债或或有负债。若 EBITDA 主张准确,相比亏损同行,融资风险显著降低。但 EBITDA ≠ 自由现金流;MAS 和 FCA 监管资本要求会占用部分融资资金。投资人必须要求完整资产负债表逐项说明,以区分运营现金和受限监管资本。

[CI030, CI031, CI032, CI033, CI034, CI035]
FI004: 资本强度与现金流图
[CI021, CI023, CI024, CI025, CI030, CI031]

4.5 财务结论与尽调缺口

与同等规模的私有 B2B 跨境支付基础设施公司相比,Thunes 的财务画像明显更强。在 130+ 个国家运营、拥有美国 50 州牌照覆盖并推进稳定币 / 数字资产路线图的同时,达到 $150 million 收入运行率和正 EBITDA,这是相对同业更突出的资本效率结果。多轮融资估值持续抬升(无 down-round;Series C 为 $900M+,Series D 为「大幅提升」)也传递出建设性的投资者信心信号。不过,若要独立验证 Thunes 的财务投资逻辑,仍有几个结构性限制。 五个财务缺口仍未解决,构成阻断性尽调事项。第一,无法验证各收入流毛利率——正 EBITDA 值得鼓励,但不能替代经审计的毛利拆分。第二,CAC 和回本周期未知,无法评估 LTV:CAC。第三,公司未披露按走廊、地域或客户分层的收入,集中度风险无法量化。第四,净收入留存和客户流失未披露,无法基于存量客户预测未来收入。第五,月度现金流实际数不可得;若没有 P&L,就无法核对 EBITDA 说法。跨境 B2B 支付市场到 2030 年仍以高个位数至双位数年增速增长(FXC Intelligence、McKinsey Global Payments Report),形成结构性顺风;但来自竞争基础设施网络(Nium、Airwallex、Wise Platform、TerraPay)以及 Thunes 自身伙伴转潜在竞争者(Visa Direct、Mastercard Move)的商品化压力,可能在市场成熟后压缩抽成率。投资者在承销任何 Thunes 交易前,应要求进入数据室查看经审计财务、走廊级收入拆分和完整股权结构表。[CI039, CI040, CI041, CI042, CI043, CI044]

公开财务缺口表
缺失指标尽调影响解决路径紧迫性
按收入流拆分的毛利率无法验证 EBITDA 主张或评估单位经济;没有 COGS 的抽成率无法解读索取 FY2023–FY2025 经审计 P&L,并给出收入流级毛利率;与 DGN 产品线核对阻塞
CAC 和回本周期无法计算 LTV:CAC;销售效率和增长所需资本无法验证索取按获客渠道拆分的队列级 CAC;按客户细分和 ACV 区间拆分的回本周期阻塞
年度 GTV 和交易笔数无法推导混合抽成率或验证收入质量;Series C 时“$50B 累计”不是年度交易量索取 FY2023–FY2025 按走廊和支付方式拆分的年度 GTV;交易笔数和平均票额阻塞
按走廊或地域拆分的收入无法评估集中度风险;从汇总数据看不到单一走廊依赖和走廊定价不透明索取前 10 大走廊收入拆分;地域收入拆分;用于集中度分析的 HHI重大
客户数、NRR 和流失无法预测收入轨迹,也无法验证现有客户扩张叙事索取活跃客户定义;按队列给出季度 NRR;总流失率和流失原因重大

这五项指标都是私募股权投资或战略交易正式数据室里的标准披露。公开数据缺失反映的是私营公司常规做法,不是主动隐瞒。EBITDA 为正是积极信号,但不能替代这五项中的任何一项。若 Thunes 的 ACRA Singapore 公司备案已提交,可提供经审计财务报表;第一步应通过 ACRA BizFile+ 系统提出请求。

[CI039, CI040, CI041, CI042, CI043]
FI003: 财务估计区间
[CI001, CI002, CI030, CI032, CI033, CI036]

4.6 证据

Chapter 05

05产品与技术

5.1 产品组合概览

Thunes 围绕两条轴线组织商业产品——Pay 和 Accept——二者都通过单一 API 网关接入 Direct Global Network。Pay 维度包含五个模块。Pay-to-Mobile-Wallets 将企业客户连接到全球 145 个移动钱包品牌以及 4 billion 个移动和稳定币钱包账户,98% 的交易可即时结算。Pay-to-Banks 覆盖 140 个国家的 8 billion 个银行账户,包括 60 个国家的实时支付系统,价格最高比传统代理行电汇低十倍。Pay-to-Cards 覆盖 Mastercard、Visa 和 UnionPay 体系下 15 billion+ 张卡,具备 PCI-DSS 认证的代币化和 24/7 可用性。Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets 支持向 140+ 个国家的 USDC 和 USDT 钱包付款,覆盖超过 80% 的稳定币付款需求,并支持近实时、全天候结算。Business Payments 在 50+ 个国家提供本地 ACH 接入,覆盖 30+ 种货币,并向 170+ 个国家提供 USD 电汇,把 Thunes 定位成可用单一合同替代传统代理行关系的方案。 Accept 维度提供四个互补收款模块:Accept Mobile Wallets(145 个品牌、36+ 种货币结算,并为 Magento 和 Mirakl 提供插件)、Accept Bank Payments(Open Banking 和传统银行转账)、Accept BNPL 以及 Accept Digital Vouchers。所有产品底层共享同一套三支柱基础设施。2025 年 6 月收购 Tilia 后,Thunes 新增卡受理能力——Visa、Mastercard、American Express、JCB 和 UnionPay——以及额外 48 个美国州和地区支付牌照,形成美国市场锚点,并把 Thunes 的付款产品延伸到卡受理。Thunes 面向八个行业垂直:银行与数字银行、移动钱包、支付服务提供商、零工经济平台、MTO、数字资产公司、电商,以及薪资与 EOR 平台。代表性企业成员包括 Uber、Deliveroo、Grab、WeChat 和全球 MTO。[CE001, CE003, CE007, CE008, CE009, CE010]

产品模块 / 资产矩阵
模块 / 资产维度主要用户细分状态 / 成熟度关键差异化尽调缺口
Pay-to-Mobile-WalletsPayMTO、汇款平台、零工经济应用成熟 — 145 个钱包品牌,4B 账户98% 即时结算;单一 API 覆盖新兴市场钱包,范围最广按钱包品牌拆分的收入集中度;按走廊失败率
Pay-to-BanksPay企业薪资、B2B、数字银行、市场平台成熟 — 8B 账户,60 个实时国家,140 个总覆盖国家比代理行银行最高便宜 10x;60 个国家实时到账走廊级 SLA;按国家对给出结算时点保证
Pay-to-CardsPay零工经济付款、激励平台、企业付款增长中 — 覆盖 Visa、Mastercard、UnionPay 的 15B+ 张卡PCI-DSS 令牌化付款;24/7 可用交换费和加价结构未公开披露
Pay-to-Stablecoin-WalletsPay数字资产公司、汇款平台、零工经济推出中 — USDC/USDT 覆盖 140+ 个国家近乎即时的 24/7 结算;缓解本币波动监管可用性因市场而异;持牌伙伴模式
Business PaymentsPay企业司库、进出口、B2B 平台活跃 — 50+ 个国家本地 ACH;170+ 个国家 USD 电汇单一合同替代多条代理行关系交易量最低要求和定价未公开逐项列明
Accept Mobile WalletsAccept电商、平台、市场平台活跃 — 145 个钱包品牌,36+ 种结算货币Magento/Mirakl 插件;收款时按本币做 FX拒付和争议解决流程未披露
Accept Bank PaymentsAcceptSaaS 平台、B2B 供应商、订阅业务活跃 — Open Banking 和传统银行转账一个 API 覆盖发达、发展中和新兴市场银行账户国家级 Open Banking 覆盖地图未公开发布

模块状态和差异化来自 Thunes 官方产品页面和新闻室。Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets 采用持牌伙伴模式运营;可用性可能受司法辖区限制。任何模块的定价均未公开逐项列明。

[CE007, CE008, CE009, CE010, CE011, CE012]
工作流 / 用例表
用户任务现有 / 替代工作流Thunes 方案可衡量收益限制
跨境发薪付款SWIFT 代理行链条(2-5 天,3-7% 费用)DGN 单一 API 批量付款至 140+ 个国家85% 即时结算;最高降本 10x(公司披露)API 合同可用性 SLA 和按走廊 SLA 未发布
侨民汇款的移动钱包充值传统 MTO 现金代理转账(1-2 天;费用不透明)Pay-to-Wallets 覆盖 145 个品牌;98% 即时结算近乎即时结算;FX 透明且无隐藏费用钱包品牌可用性因收款市场而异
B2B 跨境供应商付款代理行银行电汇(T+2 至 T+5;FX 加价不透明)Business Payments 在 50+ 个国家走本地 ACH 或 USD 电汇可追踪的本币结算;有保证的 FX 定价定价和交易量最低要求未公开逐项列明
零工 / 数字经济稳定币付款无主流路径;加密交易所有波动风险Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets(USDC/USDT)覆盖 140+ 个国家24/7 可用;稳定价值结算;绕开银行营业时间监管可用性因市场而异;合作伙伴持牌模式
全球电商钱包受理各市场钱包集成碎片化(每个品牌一套)通过单一 API 受理移动钱包;145 个品牌一次集成覆盖全球钱包受理;本币外汇兑换拒付和争议处理流程未披露

收益来自 Thunes 官方产品文档和新闻中心。成本降低 10x 的说法由公司自报,未经独立验证。结算时效反映 DGN 网络平均水平;具体通道表现可能不同。

[CE005, CE009, CE010, CE012, CE013, CE018]
FE001: Thunes 平台架构 — 三支柱技术栈
[CE001, CE002, CE006, CE018, CE019, CE041]

5.2 技术与运营架构

Thunes 平台围绕三根相互连接的技术支柱搭建,形成垂直整合的支付基础设施栈。在连接层,Direct Global Network 在 140 个国家维护 720 个直接成员集成——美洲(18 个国家)、欧洲(40+ 个国家)、MENA(12 个国家)、亚太(25+ 个国家)和非洲(35+ 个国家)。不同于经过多个中介路由的代理行链条,DGN 连接是直接的,因此 85% 的交易可即时结算,同时维持 99.99% 的平台正常运行时间。网络覆盖 220 种支付方式和 90 种货币。 在金融智能层,SmartX Treasury 管理 90 种货币的实时 FX 优化和流动性管理,提供透明的批发 FX 定价、无隐藏费用,并完整展示交易成本。2025 年 9 月,Thunes 将 Ripple Payments 集成进 SmartX Treasury,为服务数字资产场景的成员扩展数字资产流动性路径。在合规层,Fortress Compliance 在全部 50 个监管市场嵌入 AML 风险控制、KYC/KYB 验证和制裁筛查,交易监控则由 2022 年 4 月收购的 Tookitaki 引擎以机器学习驱动。 三根支柱都通过 docs.thunes.com 暴露的单一 REST API 访问。2025 年 10 月,Thunes 通过启用 SWIFT 连接扩展集成面,使 SWIFT 网络上的 11,000+ 家银行无需新增 API 集成,即可触达 Thunes 的 4 billion 个银行账户和数字钱包端点。公司还为缺少专职工程资源的小型成员提供无 API 的 Business Hub 选项。Thunes 未公开披露其云服务商、数据库技术或底层编程语言栈——这符合企业支付基础设施运营模式,因为供应商集中度和技术栈细节都具备商业敏感性。[CE001, CE002, CE003, CE004, CE005, CE006]

技术 / 运营架构表
层 / 组件角色关键依赖风险
单一 API / SWIFT Gateway(docs.thunes.com)开放 Pay 和 Accept 端点;为银行成员提供 SWIFT 透传docs.thunes.com API 规范;SWIFT 连接协议API 弃用或 SWIFT 连接中断,影响 11,000+ 家银行
Direct Global Network(DGN 网络)720 个直接成员集成;付款 / 收款覆盖 140 个国家与本地银行、MNO、MTO 和电子钱包直接合作成员流失;单一服务商通道故障;关键市场支付轨道停机
SmartX Treasury实时外汇优化;管理 90 种货币流动性外汇汇率数据源;包括 Ripple Payments 在内的流动性提供方(2025 年 9 月)外汇汇率数据延迟;外汇波动时流动性提供方中断
Fortress Compliance内嵌 AML、KYC/KYB 和制裁筛查;50 个市场牌照Tookitaki 的 ML 驱动 AML 引擎;各市场本地监管要求监管变化要求快速更新合规规则;牌照续期风险
结算和客户资金保护层多币种对账;在授权信贷机构隔离客户资金授权信贷机构的客户资金保护账户;云基础设施(供应商未披露)云集中度风险;规模化下的对账错误

架构基于 Thunes 官方产品页、API 文档和新闻中心整理。云供应商、数据库技术和编程语言栈未公开披露。Tookitaki AML 引擎在 2022 年 4 月收购后嵌入。

[CE001, CE003, CE006, CE017, CE018, CE019]
FE002: 客户工作流 — 通过 Thunes DGN API 发起跨境支付
[CE005, CE006, CE018, CE019, CE034]
FE003: 关键依赖图 — Thunes DGN 外部依赖
[CE014, CE015, CE017, CE019, CE021, CE040]

5.3 开发者体验与集成

Thunes 采用门控式开发者模式,符合持牌企业 B2B 支付基础设施的特征。API 文档托管在 docs.thunes.com,覆盖用于发起付款的 Money Transfer APIs 和用于受理的 Collection APIs,并记录了对银行、MTO、PSP、平台与市场平台、电子钱包的支持。集成路径包括标准 REST API 连接、面向金融机构的 SWIFT 接入,以及面向无专职工程团队成员的无 API Business Hub 路径。 不同于 Stripe(自助沙盒、广泛公开文档)或 Moov.io(开源支付基础设施、社区维护的 GitHub 库)等开发者优先平台,Thunes 不运营公开 GitHub 组织;截至 2026 年 5 月,Stack Overflow 上标记为「thunes」的问题为零。开发者参与发生在直销和准入流程中,而不是公开开发者社区;持牌支付基础设施通常如此,因为监管 KYB 准入和合同签署要先于 API 凭证发放。这种门控模式并不阻碍大交易量生产部署——Uber、Deliveroo 和 Grab 等成员证明其能支撑全球规模的企业级使用。不过,缺少公开开发者社区,相比开发者优先的支付 API 平台,会降低自然开发者发现和自助采用速度。公开状态页缺位(截至 2026 年 5 月,status.thunes.com 未解析)也是一个运营透明度缺口;企业 SaaS 同业通常发布实时事故看板。SWIFT 连接选项显著降低银行机构成员的集成负担,而银行机构是 Thunes 在 2025–2026 年美国扩张阶段的重要可触达增长市场。[CE005, CE006, CE016, CE024, CE025, CE035]

FE004: 产品成熟度 / 能力图谱
[CE005, CE009, CE020, CE025, CE034]

5.4 信任、合规与可靠性

截至 2026 年 5 月,Thunes 公开确认其符合 PCI DSS 并获得 ISO 27001 认证,使其成为少数在所述范围内同时持有两项认证的跨境支付网络之一。PCI DSS 覆盖 Pay-to-Cards 和 Tilia 卡受理能力等卡数据处理。ISO 27001 覆盖 Thunes 各运营实体的信息安全管理体系。两项认证均由 Thunes 在官网和合规页面自述;公开可访问文档中未找到具体等级、认证机构和最近审计日期,尽调中应予验证。 Fortress Compliance 支柱在全部 50 个持牌市场嵌入 AML 风险控制、KYC/KYB 验证和制裁筛查。2022 年 4 月收购的 Tookitaki AML 机器学习引擎支撑交易监控。监管授权覆盖所有主要金融司法辖区:MAS(新加坡)Major Payment Institution、FCA(英国)Authorised Payment Institution、ACPR(法国)Payment Institution 并可延伸至欧盟、FinCEN(美国)Money Service Business 并在美国 50 州持有 Money Transmitter Licenses、FINTRAC(加拿大)Money Services Business,以及香港海关 Money Service Operator。客户资金存放在授权信贷机构的专用账户,与 Thunes 公司资金完全隔离。DGN 平台公开报告 99.99% 平台正常运行时间和 98% 服务质量成功率。截至 2026 年 5 月运行日期,公开记录中未发现针对 Thunes 的重大监管执法行动或已记录安全事件。[CE019, CE020, CE021, CE023, CE034, CE040]

信任 / 质量 / 合规表
控制 / 认证状态范围缺口 / 尽调问题
PCI DSS 合规有效 —— 官网首页和合规页面已公开确认包括 Pay-to-Cards 和 Tilia 卡受理在内的卡数据处理确认 PCI DSS 等级(1 级还是 2 级);向 QSA 获取当前合规证明(Attestation of Compliance)
ISO 27001 认证有效 —— 官网首页已公开确认信息安全管理体系;全部运营实体确认认证机构、范围边界和最近审计日期
MAS 大型支付机构牌照有效新加坡跨境支付和电子货币业务确认截至 2026 年 Q1 的资本充足合规水平
FCA 授权支付机构有效英国跨境支付业务确认 Brexit 后面向欧盟大陆通道的欧盟牌照通行安排
美国 MTL(50 州)+ FinCEN MSB 注册有效 —— 待 Tilia 收购监管审批最终完成美国境内和跨境支付业务,包括 Tilia 卡受理确认 Tilia 审批状态,以及各州 MTL 启用日期
99.99% 平台正常运行时间(DGN)自报 —— Direct Global Network 页面发布覆盖全部支付方式的 Direct Global Network索取 MSA 中合同 SLA 条款;12 个月历史事故日志
98% 服务质量成功率自报 —— Direct Global Network 页面发布覆盖全部支付方式和通道的交易成功率索取测算方法;按通道和支付方式拆分

牌照状态来自 Thunes 合规页面和公司沟通。PCI DSS 和 ISO 27001 为公司自报;公开文件中未找到具体等级、认证范围和审计日期,需要尽调核验。正常运行时间和 QoS 数字属于营销口径,公开文件未确认其有合同支撑。

[CE019, CE020, CE021, CE034]

5.5 路线图与技术差异化

Thunes 的技术路线图由三条战略向量锚定:稳定币和数字资产集成、美国市场扩张,以及 AI 赋能基础设施。Circle 合作(2024 年 10 月)为 DGN 成员引入 USDC 结算,用 24/7 实时资金流转消除代理行延迟,从而降低资本成本。Mastercard Move 合作(2025 年 11 月,Singapore Fintech Festival)把稳定币钱包付款扩展到 200+ 个市场。Ripple 集成进 SmartX Treasury(2025 年 9 月)为数字资产公司成员增加基于区块链的流动性路径。Tilia 收购(2025 年 6 月)增加卡受理(Visa、Mastercard、Amex、JCB、UnionPay),并通过 48 个州 / 地区牌照形成美国锚点;利用 Series D 资本扩张美国市场,是近期最主要的地理增长杠杆,但仍取决于 Tilia 收购监管审批最终完成。 Thunes 最核心的技术差异化,是 DGN 的直连架构——绕过代理行中介,把 85% 的交易做到即时结算,而不是代理行链条的 2 到 5 天。50 张监管牌照、720 个直接成员集成、PCI DSS 和 ISO 27001 认证,以及 SmartX Treasury FX 引擎,单独复制都很昂贵,合在一起形成结构上可防守的护城河。每张监管牌照都要求在当地维持资本充足、维护本地合规项目并接受定期监管检查——这构成多年进入壁垒,单靠软件 IP 无法复制。2025 年 4 月 Series D 的 CEO 表述把 AI 和数字资产生态互操作列为前瞻投资重点;但截至 2026 年 5 月运行日期,公司未公开宣布具体 AI 产品发布,因此 AI 路线图仍是方向性意图,而非已交付能力。[CE005, CE014, CE015, CE016, CE017, CE020]

路线图 / 发布 / 开发阶段表
日期 / 阶段功能 / 里程碑状态含义来源
2024 年 10 月Circle USDC 稳定币结算合作,面向 DGN 成员已完成成员可用 USDC 为跨境交易提供资金;7×24 可用;降低资金成本Thunes 新闻中心;Fintech Futures 新闻稿
2024 年 11 月GCash 支持英国和欧盟银行账户跨境钱包充值已完成在区域规模验证 DGN 钱包充值用例(菲律宾侨民)CrowdFund Insider;Wikipedia
2025 年 6 月收购 Tilia(卡受理;48 个美国州 / 属地牌照)已完成 —— 监管审批推进中增加 Visa/MC/Amex/JCB/UnionPay 卡受理;美国市场锚点The Paypers;Wikipedia
2025 年 9 月摩洛哥实时银行服务上线;Ripple Payments 接入 SmartX Treasury已完成扩大非洲 DGN 通道;SmartX 增加数字资产流动性路径Fintech Global;Electronic Payments International 报道
2025 年 11 月Mastercard Move 稳定币钱包付款合作(Singapore Fintech Festival)已完成通过 Mastercard Move 向 200+ 个市场发放稳定币;稳定币进入主流渠道Mastercard 新闻中心
2025 年 10 月面向银行的 SWIFT 连接(通过现有 SWIFT 使用 Pay-to-Banks + Pay-to-Wallets)已完成11,000+ 家 SWIFT 成员银行无需额外 API 集成即可接入 DGNFintech Times;Thunes 新闻中心
2026(美国)借 Series D 资本和 Tilia 牌照扩张美国市场推进中瞄准美国境内支付通道;规模化取决于 Tilia 审批最终完成Thunes Series D 公告;PYMNTS
2026(AI / 路线图)AI 和数字资产生态互通(CEO 在 Series D 时宣布)规划中 —— 未公布具体产品释放 AI 驱动路由和更广数字资产覆盖信号;时间表未定Thunes Series D CEO 声明;PYMNTS

路线图条目来自截至 2026 年 5 月的 Thunes 新闻中心、Series D 公告和第三方新闻报道。AI 和数字资产路线图条目反映 CEO 在 2025 年 4 月 Series D 时表达的意向;公司未公开宣布具体产品功能或发布日期。Tilia 收购的监管审批取决于美国各州完成审批。

[CE014, CE015, CE017, CE022, CE026, CE035]

5.6 证据

Chapter 06

06客户情况

6.1 客户群分层

Thunes 将付费客户群分为八个垂直领域,每个领域都有不同支付场景。Remitly、Western Union、Ria 等汇款运营商(MTO)使用 Thunes 的汇款走廊扩展到新兴市场;这些客户贡献高交易量,是最具战略意义的客户之一,但也存在竞争重叠,因为 MTO 越来越多地自建直连支付轨道。Commercial Bank of Dubai、Revolut 等银行和数字银行使用 Thunes,把商业付款和供应商发票结算送达代理行速度慢或成本高的市场。GCash、M-Pesa、Airtel、MTN、Orange 和 WeChat Pay 等移动钱包加入 Direct Global Network (DGN),既作为发送端点,也作为接收侧走廊,从而实现双边互操作。支付服务提供商连接 Thunes,为没有本地银行关系的市场中的零工、自由职业者和市场平台卖家批量付款。 Uber、Deliveroo、Grab 等零工经济平台使用 Thunes,在 140+ 个国家把工人报酬实时打到移动钱包和银行账户。薪资和 EOR 平台使用 Thunes,在没有本地银行实体的市场发放多币种薪资;这一垂直受益于 Thunes 的美国 MTL 覆盖(50 州)以及面向薪资时点 SLA 的实时结算。电商商户用 Thunes 通过 220+ 种本地支付方式收款,并以本币结算,从而提高新兴市场结账转化率。数字资产公司集成 Thunes,用于法币出入金、稳定币钱包充值,以及向 40+ 个国家银行账户和钱包的最后一公里付款。 地理集中度映射到新兴市场足迹:APAC(东南亚、南亚)、撒哈拉以南非洲和 LATAM 是主要增长市场,不过在 2024–2025 年实现美国 50 州 MTL 后,美国扩张正在加速。客户在所有垂直领域选择 Thunes 而非代理行替代方案时,最常引用的关键差异化是 85% 实时结算率和 140 国覆盖。[CU001, CU002, CU003, CU004, CU005, CU006]

客户细分表
细分买方 / 用户 / 付款方主要用例点名客户(已确认)收入 / 战略价值尽调缺口
汇款运营商(MTO)向新兴市场端点汇款的汇款公司通过 DGN 打通跨境汇款通道(移动钱包、银行账户)Remitly、Western Union、Ria(MTO 行业页点名)高 —— 单个客户交易量最高;收入由抽成率驱动如果客户自建专有支付轨道,MTO 存在流失风险;头部 MTO 集中度
银行和新银行需要代理行业务替代方案的金融机构企业付款、供应商发票、跨境外汇结算Commercial Bank of Dubai、Revolut(PSP 页面点名);Ecobank(点名合作)高 —— 多年合同;单个银行客户名义交易量大点名银行客户清单;合同期限;SLA 保证
移动钱包作为发送 / 接收端点接入 DGN 的钱包提供商双边钱包互通;跨境钱包充值GCash、M-Pesa、Airtel、MTN、Orange、JazzCash、Easypaisa、AliPay、WeChat Pay(点名)中 —— 交易量由每个钱包背后的终端用户活跃度驱动每个钱包伙伴的收入分成;钱包集中度
支付服务提供商(PSP)向自有客户提供跨境付款的 PSP向零工、自由职业者、卖家、保险和薪资收款人大批量付款Revolut、KappaPay(移动钱包页面点名);PayQuicker(案例)中到高 —— 平台级集成会放大底层客户数量PSP 客户清单;由 Thunes 支撑的通道 vs 自有覆盖
零工经济平台在全球发放劳动者收入的按需劳务平台面向 140+ 个国家的移动钱包和银行账户实时发放劳动者收入Uber、Deliveroo、Grab(官方关于我们 / 新闻中心点名)高 —— 与劳动者基数增长绑定的高频重复付款单客户交易量;排他性;自建直连轨道风险
薪资和 EOR全球薪资和名义雇主平台无需本地实体,向 140+ 个国家发放多币种薪资未点名;Thunes 行业页列出该垂直领域中 —— 随远程办公全球化趋势增长点名薪资客户;薪资到账时间 SLA 承诺;美国通道深度
电商在全球受理本地支付方式的数字商户受理 220+ 种本地支付方式;以本国货币结算未点名商户;Thunes 行业页列出该垂直领域中 —— 客户数量大,但单个客户交易量较低点名电商客户;按地理拆分的受理方式
数字资产公司加密货币交易所、稳定币发行方、数字钱包平台法币出入金、最后一公里付款、稳定币流动性管理Circle(USDC 结算伙伴);Ripple(跨境 DGN 集成)中,且在增长 —— Mastercard 交易后稳定币交易量提速稳定币结算交易量;Circle/Ripple 收入贡献

Thunes 未公开披露各细分的收入贡献。点名客户来自 Thunes 官方行业页面、案例库和第三方新闻报道。“未点名”细分有 Thunes 行业页面可证实,但公开来源未识别出具体客户。战略价值评估基于分析师报告的 B2B 支付基础设施基准和 Thunes 产品定位。

[CU003, CU004, CU005, CU006, CU029, CU035]
FU001: Thunes 客户旅程图

Thunes 企业客户旅程,从初始认知到 API 集成、生产上线,再到多产品 / 多走廊扩张。

[CU002, CU028, CU030, CU036]

6.2 采用情况与增长轨迹

截至 2026 年 5 月,Thunes 已把 Direct Global Network 扩至 720 个成员;此前 2025 年 4 月 Series D 公告引用的公开数字为 550 个直接集成,说明网络规模在约一年内增长约 31%。公司在 2025 年 4 月 Series D 时报告 $150 million 收入运行率和正 EBITDA,这对一家私有跨境支付基础设施公司是重要规模里程碑。该网络此前在 2023 年中(TechCrunch Series C 报道)处理过 $50B+ 累计交易——考虑到成员扩张,这一指标几乎肯定已经增长。官网引用的 85% 实时结算率和 140 国覆盖是网络运营质量指标,而不是客户数或单客户收入。 客户获取同时由直接销售和网络效应转介绍驱动:当 Mastercard、Visa 或 PayPal 作为网络成员加入,其子客户和伙伴无需单独集成即可触达 Thunes 走廊,覆盖随之复合。2025 年 1 月 PayPal Hyperwallet 加入后,APAC 移动钱包付款覆盖六个国家的 450M+ 端点——单个伙伴关系就显著扩展了 Thunes 在东南亚的可触达范围。摩洛哥在 2025 年 9 月被加入为实时走廊;Ecobank 从 2025 年 10 月的 Togo 开始分阶段推向 32 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家,构成 Thunes 在非洲大陆最大的单一伙伴扩张。 Thunes 不披露按分层的客户数、每期新增客户或 CAC/回本指标。$150M 收入运行率意味着 720 个成员的平均网络成员收入约为 $208K,符合企业 B2B 支付基础设施定价。不过,这个平均值掩盖了很大离散度:少数高交易量 MTO 和大型平台客户很可能贡献了不成比例的收入份额。[CU001, CU002, CU017, CU019, CU020, CU022]

客户增长和采用轨迹表
指标数值日期来源置信度含义缺失分母
网络成员(总数)7202026 年 5 月Thunes 官网(thunes.com)当前网络规模;相对 2025 年 4 月引用的 550 个直接集成,隐含约 31% 增长按细分拆分;扣除流失后的净新增
直接集成(上一期)5502025 年 4 月PYMNTS Series D 报道增长比较基准;720 vs 550 意味着约 13 个月新增约 170 个成员活跃 vs 沉睡成员;交易量门槛
收入运行率$150M2025 年 4 月Thunes CEO(通过 Finextra Series D 引文)验证规模;EBITDA 为正已确认 —— 指向可持续单位经济模型按细分;NRR;每个成员收入四分位
EBITDA为正2025 年 4 月Thunes CEO(通过 Finextra 和 Finovate Series D 报道)$150M 收入运行率下已盈利;有利于美国扩张不显著消耗现金EBITDA 利润率 %;EBITDA 实际规模
年交易笔数180M+(2022 基准)2022 年 10 月TechCrunch(Visa Direct 集成)运营吞吐量;考虑成员增长,到 2026 年大概率显著更高当前年化交易笔数;按成员的交易量分布
覆盖国家1402026 年 5 月Thunes 官网地理覆盖 —— 私营 B2B 支付基础设施同业中公开披露最广按通道收入;交易量前 10 的通道
实时结算率85%2026 年 5 月Thunes 官网服务质量指标;85% 即时结算是通道深度和流动性的领先指标各通道 SLA 承诺;未达标罚则

收入运行率是 Thunes CEO 在 Series D 时自报。网络成员数量来自 2026 年 5 月运行日期时的 Thunes 官网。交易和国家数据来自公司官方沟通与独立新闻报道的组合。EBITDA 为正,但未披露利润率百分比。上一期 550 的数字来自 PYMNTS Series D 报道,可能与“直接集成”和“Network Members”的定义差异有关。

[CU001, CU022, CU023, CU028]
FU002: 采用与部署漏斗

从潜在 B2B 跨境支付客户总量,到 Thunes 网络成员、具名案例研究客户,以及有量化结果客户的估计企业漏斗。

[CU001, CU022, CU023, CU028]

6.3 具名客户证明与案例研究

Thunes 在 thunes.com/case-studies 运营公开案例研究库,记录了七个客户部署:GCash(菲律宾)、nsave(新兴市场 USD 账户)、PayQuicker(美国付款编排)、Flip(印度尼西亚,10M+ 用户)、UNFCU(United Nations Federal Credit Union,180,000+ 成员)、Pomelo(美国—菲律宾汇款)和 Paydek(英国跨境转账)。相比同阶段多数 B2B 支付基础设施同业,这是一组更丰富的具名证明。证据力最强的案例是 nsave——它罕见地提供量化结果:上线两个月内付款量提升 4×,支付处理时间缩短超过 50%。GCash 是知名度最高的客户:作为菲律宾领先金融超级应用、服务 10 个菲律宾人中的 8 个,2024 年 11 月支持英国 / 欧洲钱包充值的合作,是具备强品牌识别度的战略性客户证明点。 在案例研究之上,Thunes 还宣布了一系列自带客户证明的大型网络合作。Mastercard 2025 年 11 月公告明确点名 Thunes 是 Mastercard Move 在 200+ 个市场实现稳定币钱包付款能力的基础设施,这构成一线金融机构背书。Visa 2022 年 10 月集成(2024 年 3 月扩大)和 PayPal Hyperwallet 2025 年 1 月加入,确认 Thunes 是全球支付网络获取新兴市场钱包触达时偏好的基础设施。Ecobank 2025 年 10 月合作(32 个非洲国家,Togo 首个上线)和 Ripple 2025 年 9 月扩展,也进一步佐证其在高摩擦走廊的可生产化网络质量。 Paydek、UNFCU 和 Pomelo 案例量化较少,但确认了不同客户类型的生产使用:一家英国汇款公司、一家与联合国有关联的信用合作社,以及一家美国—菲律宾汇款创新者。TechCrunch 在 2022 年 10 月独立确认 Thunes 客户包括 Uber Eats、Grab、MoneyGram、Remitly 和 Western Union——这补强了公司自有传播之外,对 MTO 和零工经济客户基础广度的证明。除 nsave 外,没有客户公开特定成本节省、结算速度改善数据或归因于 Thunes 的交易量;对企业支付基础设施而言,结果指标缺位很常见,但仍是投资者尽调缺口。[CU007, CU008, CU009, CU010, CU011, CU012]

点名客户证据表
客户 / 合作伙伴细分部署 / 用例生产环境 vs 试点量化结果 / 证据质量限制 / 缺口
nsave金融科技 —— 面向金融服务不足用户的新兴市场美元账户通过 Thunes DGN 向重点新兴市场跨境付款生产环境 —— Thunes 官方案例,有量化结果付款量增长 4×;<2 个月内处理速度提升 50%+(同类最佳证据)结果期仅限最初 2 个月;没有长期交易量或 NRR 数据
GCash(菲律宾)移动钱包 / 超级 App —— 10 名菲律宾人中 8 名是用户跨境钱包充值:在英国 / 欧洲的菲律宾人用境外银行账户为 GCash 充值生产环境 —— 案例和联合新闻稿(2024 年 11 月)点名案例;战略重要性已确认(菲律宾是全球前四大汇款市场)未披露交易量或费用节省;缺少结果指标
UNFCU(UN Federal Credit Union,信用合作社)金融机构 —— 服务全球 180,000+ 名 UN 员工的合作社面向新兴市场 UN 社群成员的移动钱包转账生产环境 —— Thunes 官方案例点名机构;用例确认企业级金融机构采用无交易量、成本节省或客户满意度指标
Flip(印尼)金融科技 —— 印尼支付平台,10M+ 用户强化 Flip 客户的跨境支付,并降低汇款成本生产环境 —— Thunes 官方案例点名案例;印尼是高增长数字支付市场未量化通道改善;依赖定性描述
PayQuicker(美国)付款编排 —— 零工 / 联盟 / 市场平台付款通过 Thunes Money Transfer API 发放数字钱包款项;快速上线生产环境 —— Thunes 官方案例;CEO Paul Beldham 被点名案例点名高管;多种数字钱包用例已确认未详细披露交易量指标或付款目的地
Pomelo(美国-菲律宾)面向菲律宾侨民的汇款 / 信用卡发行商支持从 Pomelo 信用额度向菲律宾 GCash 钱包付款生产环境 —— Thunes 官方案例;CEO Eric Velasquez Frenkiel 被点名CEO 被点名的案例;确认菲律宾通道的 GCash 钱包付款能力由信用额度出资的汇款场景较窄;交易量未披露
Paydek(英国)跨境汇款 —— 企业和个人通过 Thunes 为客户处理 14 笔本币交易生产环境 —— Thunes 官方案例点名案例;“14 笔本币交易”是唯一披露指标结果深度有限;无收入或交易量数据
Mastercard(Move 平台)全球支付网络 —— 200+ 个市场、150+ 种货币通过接入 Mastercard Move 的 Thunes DGN 发放稳定币钱包款项(2025 年 11 月)生产环境 —— Mastercard 新闻中心联合新闻稿(原始来源)Tier-1 金融机构背书;Pratik Khowala(全球负责人)被引用;主流背书促成的稳定币付款量;上线通道;排他条款
Ecobank Group泛非银行 —— 覆盖 32 个国家,在撒哈拉以南非洲足迹强势非洲范围内即时跨境支付;首先在多哥上线(2025 年 10 月)生产环境(多哥)—— 分阶段扩展至更多国家;CEO Jeremy Awori 被引用泛非银行锚点客户;确认非洲战略已上线;CEO 引文背书公告时仅确认多哥上线;完整 32 国推广时间表未知
Visa Direct全球支付网络 —— 190+ 个国家、7B+ 端点Visa 客户的发往钱包功能;新增 1.5B+ 个端点(2022);扩展至亚洲 / 非洲 108 种钱包类型(2024)生产环境 —— TechCrunch 确认 2022 年集成;PYMNTS 确认 2024 年扩展Tier-1 网络合作伙伴;Visa 投资了 Thunes Series C;TechCrunch 独立确认排他条款;经 Visa-Thunes 流转的交易量相对其他 Visa 轨道的占比
PayPal Hyperwallet全球付款服务 —— 商户基础包括网约车应用、市场平台、社交媒体亚太移动钱包付款:覆盖孟加拉国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、韩国、越南的 450M+ 个端点生产环境 —— Fintech Times 报道 2025 年 1 月公告,并附 CEO 引文CEO Floris de Kort 的点名引文;披露具体国家和端点数量付款量;哪些商户在使用该能力

证据质量差异很大:nsave 和 GCash 证据最强(有量化结果和点名高管)。Paydek、UNFCU 和 Pomelo 的案例缺少结果指标。网络合作伙伴(Mastercard、Ecobank、Visa、PayPal)有战略分量,但性质不同于直接企业 API 客户。Uber/Deliveroo/Grab(TechCrunch 2022)、Remitly/Western Union(TechCrunch 2022 和 Thunes 行业页面)以及 GCash(CrowdFund Insider 2024)都有独立第三方确认。

[CU007, CU008, CU009, CU010, CU011, CU012]
FU003: 客户证明矩阵

按五个证明维度评估 Thunes 主要具名客户和网络伙伴的证据质量。

[CU007, CU009, CU015, CU019, CU022, CU027]

6.4 留存与收入韧性

Thunes 未披露任何分层的净收入留存(NRR)、总收入留存(GRR)、年度客户流失率或队列级数据。这些是衡量 Thunes 业务质量最关键的指标——它们决定收入增长主要来自存量网络扩张,还是不断替换流失成员。没有 NRR,就无法在结构上区分复合增长(NRR > 100%)和流失替换跑步机(NRR < 100%)。结构性因素强烈支持高留存:客户要把 API 集成进 Thunes DGN,需要数月投入,完成 KYB、技术 API 集成、合规流程嵌入和特定走廊测试——这会形成高切换成本。一旦客户上线生产,迁移到不同供应商就意味着重新谈判特定走廊银行关系、重新集成合规工具,并承担服务中断风险。 市场地位相似的 B2B 支付基础设施商——Adyen、Worldpay(被 FIS 收购前)、Currencycloud(被 Visa 收购前)——历史上通常报告 NRR 高于 100%,原因是存量客户内部交易量扩张,而不是涨价。Thunes 的 $150M 收入运行率和正 EBITDA(2025 年 4 月)与稳定或增长的客户基础相一致,而非大规模流失。摩洛哥走廊扩张(2025 年 9 月)和 Ecobank 分阶段铺开代表了新的客户价值创造——需要摩洛哥或非洲走廊的现有成员现在无需更换供应商即可服务这些目的地,这本身就是一种隐性留存激励。 本研究周期内未能访问 G2、Gartner Peer Insights 或其他独立客户评价平台数据。Trustpilot 未返回 thunes.com 相关结果。缺少公开评价足迹符合纯 B2B 客户模式:企业客户通常不会留下公开平台评价;但这也阻止了独立满意度验证。[CU023, CU025, CU026, CU028, CU030, CU031]

留存和重复使用表
指标数值分群置信度尽调请求
净收入留存率(NRR)未披露所有网络成员分群Unknown索取按分群队列拆分的过去 12 个月 NRR;与 B2B 基础设施基准(100–120%)对比
总收入留存率(GRR)未披露所有网络成员分群Unknown索取 GRR,用来在存续客户的交易量扩张之外单独评估流失
年度客户流失率未披露所有网络成员分群Unknown索取 FY2024 活跃但 FY2025 不活跃的网络成员数量
结构性切换成本代理指标高(根据 API 集成复杂度和合规入驻推断)所有分群的企业 API 客户索取新客户集成周期中位数;询问客户留存年限分布
B2B 支付基础设施 NRR 基准100–120%(基于 Adyen、Worldpay、Currencycloud 可比公司的估计行业基准)企业支付基础设施行业Thunes 实际 NRR 与基准的对比;增长由交易量扩张还是新客户获取驱动
G2 / Gartner Peer Insights 评价无法访问(研究期间被反爬拦截;未找到公开档案)企业 B2B API 客户Unknown索取 G2 或 Gartner Peer Insights 数据;向参考客户询问 NPS 或 CSAT 分数
独立客户满意度信号未见 Thunes B2B 客户的公开信号企业 B2B API 客户Unknown与 5–10 个活跃 Thunes 客户访谈;使用客户顾问委员会反馈

由于 Thunes 未披露,所有留存和满意度指标均为 null 或未知。表格反映结构性尽调缺口,而不是实际表现数据。结构性切换成本评估来自 API 集成复杂度推断,并非客户上报数据。100–120% 的 NRR 基准来自可比 B2B 支付基础设施提供商(Adyen、Worldpay、Currencycloud),并非 Thunes 专属。

[CU025, CU028, CU030, CU034]
FU004: 留存与队列估计

根据 B2B 支付基础设施行业基准估计企业网络成员按队列年份的留存。Thunes 未公布 NRR、GRR 或队列数据。

Thunes 不公布队列或留存数据。数值使用 B2B 支付基础设施行业基准估计(API 集成企业客户第 2 年总留存率 85–90%;假设存续客户内交易量扩张,NRR 为 100–120%)。这些估计应作为尽调框架的方向性基准,而非 Thunes 特定经营数据。

[CU025, CU028, CU030]

6.5 扩张与集中度风险

Thunes 的先落地再扩张模式通过两条平行杠杆运转:存量网络成员自身业务增长带来的交易量驱动扩张,以及客户在初始集成之上新增付款端点、币种或受理方式带来的产品覆盖扩张(cross-sell)。两条杠杆都能在不增加获客成本的情况下提升收入。Series D 资本明确投向美国市场扩张,为 Thunes 增加一个重要新地域,面向需要新兴市场支付网络的高价值金融科技公司、电商和金融机构客户。 客户集中度风险未知且重大。Thunes 未披露前 5 或前 10 大客户贡献收入比例。一家公司若达到 $150M 运行率、拥有 720 个成员,前 10 大成员贡献 40–60% 收入就高度合理——在 B2B 基础设施中,少数高交易量 MTO 或平台客户驱动不成比例交易量是常见模式。MTO 客户分层有特定结构性风险:Remitly、Western Union 和 Ria 既是 Thunes 客户,也是消费者汇款市场中的直接竞争者。这些公司具备技术能力和财务动机,随着规模扩大自建专有直连支付轨道,从而降低或消除对 Thunes 的依赖。Western Union 现有内部支付基础设施和 Remitly 工程团队,使这一风险在中期具备可信度。 地理集中度跟随网络的新兴市场足迹:APAC、非洲和 LATAM 走廊代表最高交易量,但也带来最高监管和货币风险敞口。SWIFT 集成(2025 年 10 月)降低了银行客户的切换摩擦,银行现在可以用既有 SWIFT 报文访问 Thunes;这既是增长加速器,也在 SWIFT 关系或标准变化时形成依赖风险。研究中没有发现客户合同期限、排他条款或最低交易量承诺的公开记录,因此无法评估客户流失情景下的收入韧性。[CU023, CU026, CU028, CU033, CU035, CU036]

扩张与集中度风险表
主题扩张驱动或集中度风险影响尽调路径
交易量驱动扩张现有成员自身业务增长,带动 Thunes 交易量提升,且无需新增 CAC收入不增加新成员获客成本也能增长;若该效应占主导,NRR > 100%索取按队列年份拆分的 NRR;提供 12 个月内 Thunes 交易量翻倍的成员案例
地域扩张美国市场(已取得 50 州 MTL);摩洛哥通道(Sep 2025);经 Ecobank 覆盖非洲(Oct 2025)打开来自美国金融科技公司和非洲银行客户的新收入流索取美国已按收入标准筛选的机会管线;Ecobank 分阶段上线时间表
产品覆盖扩张成员在初始出款集成之上,再接入稳定币出款、SWIFT 连接或收款能力ARPU 更高;客户关系更深;流失更低询问使用 2+ 个 Thunes 产品的成员占比与仅用 1 个的对比;交叉销售率
MTO 集中度与竞争重叠Remitly、Western Union、Ria 同时是 Thunes 客户和市场竞争者,也有能力自建支付轨道若头部 MTO 流失,影响重大;Western Union 一家每年处理 $100B+索取前三大 MTO 收入占总收入比例;跟踪 Western Union Evolve 平台进展
头部客户收入集中度未知——Thunes 未披露前五大或前十大客户收入占比3–5 个客户高度集中,会形成单一客户收入风险索取匿名化收入瀑布图;询问前十大客户占总收入比例
网络合作伙伴依赖Visa、Mastercard、PayPal、Ripple、Circle、Swift 既是渠道合作伙伴,也可能成为竞争者若网络合作伙伴把 Thunes 能力内建化,客户流量可能被转走跟踪 Visa 直接钱包集成进展;跟踪 Mastercard Send 与 Mastercard-Thunes 交易条款
地域集中度与通道风险APAC 和非洲交易密度高,但监管和货币波动也更大监管变化(移动钱包牌照、FX 管制)可能扰动特定通道索取前十大通道收入;询问通道级应急方案

客户集中度数据未公开披露。扩张驱动因素来自 Thunes 产品路线图、行业页面信息和 Series D 募资用途表述推断。MTO 竞争重叠风险基于分析师观察和行业结构;尚无具体 MTO 宣布计划自建替代 Thunes 的专有支付轨道。网络合作伙伴风险是所有 B2B 基础设施平台的结构性风险,并非 Thunes 特有。

[CU023, CU026, CU028, CU033, CU035, CU036]

6.6 证据

Chapter 07

07风险

7.1 监管与法律风险

Thunes 运行在多司法辖区监管框架下;这既是它最主要的竞争优势,也是运营复杂度最高的风险簇。公司持有 Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) 的 Major Payment Institution (MPI) 牌照、英国 Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) 的 Authorised Payment Institution (API) 授权、法国 Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR) 的 Payment Institution 牌照(2023 年 4 月取得)、香港 Money Service Operator (MSO) 牌照,并通过 Thunes Financial Services 在美国 50 个州持有汇款牌照——但多份公开公告仍称这些牌照「仍待监管批准」,说明部分司法辖区的最终批准可能仍在等待。美国 MTL 限定很重要:New York DFS 和 California DFPI 的汇款牌照制度要求很高,而纽约虚拟货币监管框架可能使 Thunes 在美国市场的稳定币相关业务更复杂。 European Banking Authority 在 2026 年 2 月 12 日发布意见称,PSD2/MiCA 交互关系下的 No-Action Letter 过渡期将于 2026 年 3 月 2 日结束。这会直接影响 Thunes 与 Circle 在欧盟司法辖区的 USDC 结算业务:使用 USDC 的电子货币代币(EMT)交易,需要 PSD2 授权框架与发行人的 MiCA 合规相互协调。如果 Circle 的 USDC 未能在 MiCA 下取得或维持 EMT 地位,Thunes 的欧盟稳定币结算能力可能会在重新授权前暂停。另外,Ripple Payments 在 2025 年 9 月集成进 Thunes SmartX Treasury System;即便 SEC 针对 XRP 的执法案已解决,Ripple 仍带有美国监管观感残余风险。 FATF 40 Recommendations 定义了适用于 Thunes 全部运营司法辖区的国际 AML/CFT 法律框架;任何司法辖区不符合 FATF 标准,都可能引发代理行撤出、监管检查或牌照暂停。Thunes 内部 Fortress Compliance Platform(部分来自 2022 年 4 月收购 Tookitaki 多数股权)提供一体化 AML/CFT 筛查,这是结构性缓释。截止 2026 年 5 月,在任何公开记录中均未发现 MAS、FCA、ACPR 或美国州级监管机构针对 Thunes 的执法行动、罚款或制裁;NMLS Consumer Access 也确认 Thunes 的美国汇款牌照可公开追踪。[CR001, CR002, CR003, CR004, CR005, CR006]

监管 / 法律风险台账
风险 / 法规司法辖区状态可能性严重性缓释措施剩余敞口尽调请求
欧盟 MiCA / PSD2 交互——USDC 稳定币结算合规(EBA No-Action Letter 于 2 March 2026 到期)欧盟 / 法国进行中——过渡窗口已关闭;Circle 必须证明 EMT 状态符合 MiCA中——Circle 一直在建设 MiCA 合规,但过渡窗口很紧关键——若 Circle 失去 MiCA 合规,欧盟稳定币结算将暂停Circle 的 MiCA 合规计划;Thunes 持有 ACPR PI 牌照,可开展欧盟业务较高——监管时点取决于第三方(Circle)的合规落地确认 Circle 当前在 MiCA 下的欧盟电子货币代币授权状态;若 USDC 暂停,Thunes 的应急方案
美国 MTL 监管批准——50 州牌照“subject to regulatory approval”美国(50 州)待定——牌照已取得;最终监管批准仍标记为未完成中——多数州可能批准;NY DFS 和 CA DFPI 要求最高高——主要州拒批或延迟会阻断美国市场进入通过 Thunes Financial Services 申报 50 个 MTL;正与州监管机构积极沟通较高——美国扩张策略取决于所有关键收入州完成批准索取逐州 MTL 批准状态;确认 NY 和 CA 批准时间表
MAS MPI 牌照撤销或正式监管行动新加坡公开记录中未发现当前执法行动低——未见当前 MAS 执法信号;Thunes 符合 MPI 要求关键——新加坡是总部;MAS MPI 是主要运营牌照持续运行符合 MAS 要求的资本充足、AML/CFT 和报告计划低——未见当前信号;合规成本是持续运营项确认最新 MAS 检查结果;资本充足门槛和余量
FCA 授权支付机构牌照暂停或英国监管行动英国公开记录中未披露当前 FCA 执法行动低——未见 FCA 执法信号;Thunes 持有授权支付机构(API)资格高——英国是主要通道,也是欧洲至新兴市场汇款的重要来源地FCA 授权支付机构(API)合规;按 Payment Services Regulations 保护客户资金低——未见当前信号;监控仍属标准动作确认 FCA 登记状态和上次检查日期;保障账户余额
FATF AML/CFT 不合规——代理行撤出风险全球(40+ 个司法辖区)持续——FATF 标准要求持续计划;未发现违规低-中——新兴市场通道天然 AML 风险较高高——代理行撤出会让 SWIFT 路由跨境流停摆Fortress Compliance Platform(源自 Tookitaki)在线 AML/CFT 筛查低-中——高风险新兴通道的运营合规风险仍在索取 SAR 申报历史、AML 误报率和 FATF 要求的审计记录
法国 ACPR PI 牌照合规与欧盟支付机构维护法国 / 欧盟有效——ACPR PI 牌照于 April 2023 授予;需持续合规低——未发现 ACPR 执法行动中——若牌照失效,法国和欧盟支付通道会受影响运行符合 ACPR 要求的 PI 计划;通过 ACPR 牌照进行欧盟跨境通行低——未见当前信号;需例行合规维护确认 ACPR 年度合规报告提交和状态

风险可能性和严重性评估基于截至 May 2026 的公开监管公告、牌照登记数据和标准 B2B 支付基础设施风险框架。已查阅的 MAS、FCA、ACPR 或 NMLS 记录中未发现 Thunes 执法行动;未发现并不排除未公开往来。MiCA/Circle 合规窗口风险按 EBA February 2026 意见评估;状态可能快速变化。

[CR001, CR002, CR003, CR005, CR006, CR007]
FR001: 风险热图 — Thunes 主要风险按可能性和严重程度

按可能性(行)和严重程度(列)映射 Thunes 主要风险;单元格列出具体风险情景。

[CR001, CR005, CR008, CR011, CR020, CR028]

7.2 运营与财务风险

Thunes 最主要的运营风险是财务不透明。公司公开称,截至 2025 年 4 月,收入运行率为 $150 million,EBITDA 为正;但这些数字来自公司口径、未经审计——自 2019 年品牌重塑以来,任何财年都没有公开的独立第三方验证、经审计财报或详细 P&L 拆分。这是私营公司的常见披露做法,但会显著拉高投资不透明度:投资者无法独立核验 EBITDA 利润率、最近几个季度的收入增长轨迹、$150M D 轮的资本投放效率,也无法确认正 EBITDA 是否覆盖包括 Tilia 收购在内的所有业务单元。「正 EBITDA」与自由现金流差别很大——公司可以展示 EBITDA 为正的指标,同时仍因营运资本扩张、收购整合资本开支、美国市场加速扩编而继续消耗现金。 2025 年 6 月收购 Tilia(游戏和虚拟货币支付平台,前 Linden Lab / Second Life 子公司)带来了整合与执行风险。Tilia 所在的游戏、虚拟经济和元宇宙支付领域,与 Thunes 核心跨境 B2B 基础设施相邻,但它有自己的用户群、监管触点和虚拟货币牌照义务。把 Tilia 的系统、合规框架和运营团队并入 Thunes 全球基础设施,需要管理层投入带宽和资本。Thunes 此前完成过两笔收购(Limonetik 2021、Tookitaki 多数股权 2022),公开记录未披露重大整合困难,说明公司具备一定收购整合能力;但 Tilia 交易规模更大,运营复杂度也高于此前两笔。 API 可靠性和运营连续性仍是不透明风险:Thunes 没有在公开产品文档中发布服务等级协议或 API 可用率数据。其网络成员包括 Uber、Deliveroo 和 Grab——这些零工经济平台依赖实时付款——但公司没有披露可用率承诺,给企业信任留下缺口;一旦结算延迟或网络中断,也可能带来合同责任敞口。SmartX Treasury System 覆盖 80+ 种货币和实时外汇结算,但系统流动性充足性或压力测试结果没有公开的独立审计。[CR011, CR012, CR013, CR014, CR015, CR016]

运营 / 质量 / 安全风险台账
风险可能性严重性缓释成熟度剩余敞口未解决缺口
财务不透明——未公开审计后的 P&L 或现金流量表高——私营公司;有限披露是常态高——投资者无法验证 EBITDA 利润率、增长轨迹或资本效率未缓释——仅有公司口径指标;无独立审计高——没有监管申报文件,无法评估所称 EBITDA 与自由现金流之间的差距索取 FY2023/FY2024 审计财务报表;确认 EBITDA 到 FCF 的桥接
Tilia 收购整合失败(游戏 / 虚拟货币,June 2025)中——相邻赛道;三次累计收购带来运营复杂度中-高——Tilia 减值或收入不达预期会暴露 M&A 执行风险部分缓释——此前 Limonetik/Tookitaki 整合未披露问题中——Tilia 整合仍在进行;无业绩数据索取 Tilia 收入贡献、整合时间表和整合 KPI
API 可靠性——Direct Global Network 未发布 SLA 或可用性数据低-中——未记录重大公开故障;缺少数据并不等于确认可靠高——Uber、Deliveroo 等零工经济客户依赖实时出款可靠性未缓释——未公开 SLA 承诺;事故记录未披露中——没有合同化可用性责任,结构性运营风险仍在索取企业成员 API 可用性 SLA;过去 12 个月事故摘要
FX 流动性压力——80+ 种货币敞口,包括非主流新兴市场通道低-中——大型 FX 波动事件会出现;新兴市场货币危机周期性发生中——非流动通道可能出现结算延迟或汇率锁定失效部分缓释——SmartX Treasury System;未披露压力测试结果中——流动性提供方集中度和压力测试方法未披露索取 FX 流动性提供方集中度和 SmartX Treasury 压力测试参数
Fortress Compliance Platform 依赖——AML/CFT 依赖源自 Tookitaki 的自研系统低——大型支付服务商(PSP)自建控制系统很常见中——系统故障、漏报模式或监管不认可方法论部分缓释——自研系统由内部控制;未发现外部审计低-中——公开来源未发现 AML 有效性的独立认证确认 Fortress Compliance Platform 的第三方审计或监管认可

风险可能性和严重性评估基于截至 May 2026 的公开产品文档、新闻稿和行业基准。运营风险来自未披露 SLA 数据、事故记录和审计财务的缺口;没有负面披露并不能证明运营稳健。

[CR011, CR012, CR013, CR014, CR015, CR016]
FR002: 风险传导图 —— Thunes 主要风险如何层层传导

有向图展示 Thunes 主要风险触发后,如何传导至收入、资本和估值结果。

[CR008, CR009, CR011, CR012, CR029, CR037]

7.3 合作伙伴与依赖风险

Thunes 的 Direct Global Network 在结构上依赖一组关键商业和基础设施合作伙伴,合在一起构成多层依赖栈。Visa Direct 于 2022 年 10 月接入,并在 2024 年 3 月扩展到亚洲和非洲,可以说是 Thunes 最具战略意义的合作伙伴:Visa 的 14,900+ 家金融机构客户可通过 Visa Direct 集成使用 Thunes 的 send-to-wallet 能力,向 190+ 个国家的 108+ 种数字钱包付款。Visa 还参与了 Thunes 2023 年 7 月的 C 轮延伸融资,带来一定战略一致性——但这类商业安排通常可提前通知后终止,Visa 也可能重新谈判条款,或把交易量导向竞争性基础设施。 Mastercard 于 2025 年 11 月与 Thunes 合作,用 USDC 提供稳定币付款服务。Circle 在 2024 年 10 月成为 Thunes 的主要稳定币结算伙伴。Ripple Payments 于 2025 年 9 月接入 Thunes 的 SmartX Treasury System。这形成了多层稳定币依赖栈:Thunes 的数字资产支付能力依赖 Circle(USDC 发行和 MiCA 合规)、Mastercard(稳定币付款分发渠道)和 Ripple(区块链基础设施)。任一伙伴遭遇监管不利行动——Circle 的 MiCA 合规窗口、Ripple 在 SEC 和解后的美国定位——都会传导到 Thunes 的稳定币收入和产品供给。SWIFT 连接(2025 年 10 月上线)让 SWIFT 网络上的 11,000+ 家银行可以接入 Thunes 的移动钱包网络,也带来关键基础设施依赖:若某条走廊出现 SWIFT 连接限制(地缘政治或监管场景),该走廊的银行到钱包流就会停摆。 Thunes 在新兴市场(非洲、亚洲、拉美)的地域集中度带来特定走廊风险:国家层面监管变化、资本管制、移动钱包运营商运营问题或央行限制,都可能快速关闭走廊。代理行去风险化——大型国际银行因风险偏好和合规成本约束退出部分新兴市场支付走廊——是 BIS 和 FSB 已记录的长期趋势,可能削弱流动性,并提高受影响市场中 Thunes 网络成员的运营成本。[CR019, CR020, CR021, CR022, CR023, CR024]

合作伙伴 / 依赖风险台账
依赖项交易对手角色失效情景严重性缓释措施剩余敞口
Circle / USDC 稳定币结算Circle(私营,美国)主要稳定币结算层;通过 USDC 为跨境支付提供资金并执行MiCA 不合规或欧盟 EMT 授权失效,导致欧盟 USDC 结算暂停关键——稳定币收入线和欧盟结算能力停摆EBA MiCA 合规计划;ACPR PI 牌照提供欧盟支付机构身份较高——取决于 Circle 在紧窗口内执行 MiCA 合规
Visa Direct(卡组织 + 发往钱包)Visa Inc.(NYSE:V)为 14,900+ 家金融机构客户提供发往钱包支付;Series C 扩展轮投资方商业条款修订、API 访问受限,或交易量被转向竞争性基础设施关键——机构管线相当一部分依赖 Visa DirectVisa 在 Series C 扩展轮投资,形成利益一致;商业关系长期存在中——利益一致真实存在,但合同条款未公开;可通知终止
Ripple Payments(区块链出款)Ripple Labs(私营,美国)90+ 个市场的区块链出款;集成进 SmartX Treasury System美国监管重新升级或声誉受损,限制 Ripple 企业采用高——SmartX Treasury 集成形成技术依赖部分——SEC XRP 案件已解决(2024);Ripple 已重建机构合作中——美国机构市场仍有剩余监管观感风险
SWIFT(银行接入 Direct Global Network)SWIFT(比利时合作组织)11,000+ 家银行通过既有 SWIFT 连接接入 Thunes 移动钱包网络特定市场被地缘政治性排除出 SWIFT(Russia/Belarus 先例),限制通道高——被排除市场若无替代方案,SWIFT 路由通道停摆本地即时支付轨道提供部分冗余;存在非 SWIFT 直接集成低-中——SWIFT 地缘政治排除事件少见;存在部分冗余
Mastercard(稳定币出款分发)Mastercard Inc.(NYSE:MA)向主流 Mastercard 持卡人分发稳定币出款(USDC)商业条款变化或 Mastercard 限制稳定币出款分发中-高——削弱稳定币出款产品触达多网络策略(Visa + Mastercard)降低单一网络依赖中——合作于 November 2025 启动;商业耐久性尚未验证
MAS / FCA / ACPR / NMLS(运营牌照)监管机构(新加坡、英国、法国、美国各州)运营牌照基础设施,使全球支付处理合法化任何主要司法辖区牌照暂停或撤销主要市场为关键——见 TR001 的司法辖区级评估持续合规计划;Fortress Compliance Platform低-中——未见当前负面信号;结构性持续合规成本仍在

合作关系评估基于截至 May 2026 的公开新闻公告、投资者文件和产品文档。合作商业条款结构、按合作伙伴拆分的收入集中度和合同终止条款未公开披露。严重性评估基于公开描述的集成深度和收入依赖信号,带有判断性。

[CR019, CR020, CR021, CR022, CR023, CR024]
FR003: 依赖关系图 —— Thunes 关键外部依赖

Thunes 依赖的关键外部合作方、监管机构和基础设施提供商;节点类型表示依赖性质。

[CR019, CR020, CR021, CR022, CR023, CR024]

7.4 人员与执行风险

CEO Floris de Kort 于 2024 年 1 月加入 Thunes,接替转任副董事长的联合创始人 Peter De Caluwe。De Kort 在支付行业履历扎实——他曾任 Worldpay Global eCommerce 部门 CEO,并带领该部门完成 2015 年 IPO;之后领导 Clearent 和 TSG 合并后的 Xplor Technologies。对扩张支付基础设施业务来说,这是很强的运营背景。但截至 2026 年 5 月报告运行日期,de Kort 上任约 16 个月,任期仍偏短;同一时间,他还要推进美国市场扩张、稳定币产品增长、SWIFT 连接上线,以及一笔重大 M&A 交易(Tilia,2025 年 6 月)。联合创始人交接也让 Peter De Caluwe 的关键人影响仍在:即便担任副董事长,他的战略视野、网络关系和组织知识仍然重要;一旦未来完全退出董事会职责,将是明显的组织拐点。 Thunes 的美国市场扩张,是其增长路线图上近期最大的执行风险。公司要在美国搭建市场进入能力,并与 Stripe、Airwallex(融资超过 $900M)、Wise Platform(上市公司,披露财务)和 Nium(IPO 路线)竞争;这些公司在美国企业销售上的存在感都更成熟。要打进去,需要大量商业、合规和工程投入。美国 B2B 支付基础设施市场比 Thunes 现有的新兴市场强势区域更透明,企业尽调要求也更高;而 Thunes 进入美国时,没有大型美国企业和金融机构伙伴通常要求的公开财务披露记录。 在重大美国市场进入的同时,整合三笔收购(Limonetik 2021、Tookitaki 2022、Tilia 2025),进一步增加执行复杂度。新加坡金融科技 市场中,工程、合规和支付运营人才被 DBS、Grab、Sea Limited、Revolut 和 Airwallex 激烈争夺;薪酬压力和人才流失会持续带来运营风险。Thunes 的首席法务与合规官 Ruwan de Soyza(25+ 年经验,前 Worldpay 总法律顾问)提供了较强的合规领导连续性;但考虑到公司的监管复杂度,若 CLO 离任,将是高风险信号。[CR028, CR029, CR030, CR031, CR032, CR033]

人员 / 执行风险台账
风险可能性严重性缓释措施 / 状态尽调路径
美国市场扩张执行失败(市场进入、金融机构销售、监管合规)中——市场竞争激烈;现有玩家已在美国站稳高——美国扩张是 $150M Series D 的主要用途;失败会压缩估值和增长逻辑部分——MTL 正在推进;Series D 资金已部署;de Kort 有美国支付经验(Worldpay IPO)索取美国管线、早期客户斩获和截至 Q1 2026 的收入贡献
CEO Floris de Kort 在任命后 24 个月内离职(Jan 2024)低——未见继任信号;de Kort 有 Worldpay IPO 记录高——类创始人 CEO 交接会给企业客户和投资者带来信号风险未缓释——CEO 离职不可预测;副董事长 De Caluwe 提供连续性兜底确认高管留任方案和董事会继任规划流程
Peter De Caluwe(副董事长、联合创始人)最终完全退出董事会低-中——De Caluwe 仍参与战略、中国 / 海湾市场扩张中——联合创始人知识、网络关系和投资者信任集中在 De Caluwe 身上部分缓释——de Kort 于 January 2024 加入,明确接替运营 CEO 角色跟踪董事会构成披露;确认治理连续性规划
Tilia 整合执行风险(管理层带宽、整合资本开支)中——四年内第三次收购;Tilia 处在相邻但不同的赛道中——Tilia 收入不达预期或减值,会引发更广泛的 M&A 执行担忧部分——此前收购(Limonetik、Tookitaki)完成且未披露问题索取 Tilia 整合里程碑和预期收入贡献时间表
工程与合规人才流失(新加坡竞争性市场)中——DBS、Grab、Sea Limited、Revolut、Airwallex 争夺同一类人才中——合规人才流失会带来监管检查风险;工程人才流失会拖慢 DGN 开发部分缓释——15 个全球办公室;假设金融科技市场薪酬有竞争力确认按职能拆分的员工数;工程与合规流失率

人员风险评估基于截至 May 2026 的公开媒体报道、公司公告和标准扩张前执行风险框架。公开记录未发现负面领导层信号。美国扩张执行风险基于美国 B2B 支付基础设施市场竞争分析。

[CR028, CR029, CR030, CR031, CR032, CR033]

7.5 缓释因素与止损条件

Thunes 的主要结构性缓释因素包括:(1)多司法辖区牌照(MAS MPI、FCA API、ACPR PI、HK MSO、50 个美国 MTL)形成地域冗余——单一司法辖区撤销牌照,不会让全球网络失效;(2)EBITDA 为正,相比亏损同行降低了资本风险;(3)自研 Fortress Compliance Platform(源自 Tookitaki)提供 AML/CFT 筛查,比外采方案更不容易受到监管挑战;(4)SWIFT 连接降低了机构成员对直接银行集成的依赖;(5)2025 年 4 月的 $150M D 轮融资 提供了现金跑道,即便按保守收入增长假设,也估计足以支撑美国市场扩张。 风险升级的关键监测指标包括:MAS 和 FCA 牌照在公开登记册中的状态;通过 NMLS Consumer Access 跟踪 NY、CA 和 TX 的美国 MTL 审批进度;Circle 和 Ripple 在 MiCA 及 SEC 和解后美国框架下的监管状态;相对 $150M 收入运行率基线的季度收入节奏;以及 CEO、副董事长或 CLO 离任的任何公告。Thunes 累计融资 $292M+、覆盖 5 轮,并展示出投资人信心(Apis Partners、Vitruvian Partners、Marshall Wace、Bessemer),这构成较强的备用资本获取信号。 需要紧急重新评估投资的投资逻辑破裂情景包括:MAS 或 FCA 牌照被暂停或撤销;美国 MTL 在 NY 或 CA 被拒,阻断美国市场进入;欧盟 MiCA 对 Circle 采取执法行动,暂停欧盟走廊的 USDC 结算;收入增长停滞在 10% YoY 以下,且未披露改善盈利能力路径;CEO Floris de Kort 在上任 24 个月内离职;或 Tilia 整合产生重大减值或冲销,显示 Thunes 过往收购存在 M&A 执行风险。目前已知事实没有显示上述任何情景有迫近概率。[CR035, CR036, CR037, CR038, CR039, CR040]

缓释措施与否决条件表
风险 / 情景缓释措施监控指标投资逻辑破裂情景
MAS 或 FCA 牌照撤销或暂停多司法辖区牌照形成冗余;未见当前负面监管信号MAS 金融机构目录;FCA 金融服务注册簿牌照暂停或撤销——立即进行投资复核;全球 DGN 运营受损
欧盟 MiCA 下 Circle/USDC 合规失败(EMT 授权失效)维持 ACPR PI 牌照;Thunes 拥有独立欧盟支付机构身份Circle 欧盟监管文件;EBA EMT 授权登记;Circle 投资者更新Circle 失去欧盟 EMT 身份,导致 Thunes 欧盟稳定币结算暂停,并触发产品影响复核
美国 MTL 最终批准在 NY 或 CA 被拒已申报 50 个 MTL;Thunes Financial Services 正积极对接州监管机构NMLS Consumer Access——逐州批准跟踪;NY DFS 和 CA DFPI 案卷NY DFS 或 CA DFPI 拒绝最终 MTL,导致美国市场进入实质延迟,并带来投资逻辑时点风险
收入增长停滞(YoY 低于 10%)或 EBITDA 转负截至 April 2025 EBITDA 为正;$150M Series D 提供现金跑道投资者更新中的半年度收入信号;可比上市公司指标收入下滑或 EBITDA 转负,导致再融资或估值压缩事件
CEO Floris de Kort 在任命后 24 个月内离职(截至 Jan 2026)副董事长 Peter De Caluwe 提供连续性兜底;Ruwan de Soyza 作为 CLO 能力强高管离职公告;LinkedIn / 媒体监测CEO 在美国上线稳定前离职——投资者信号风险;企业管线不确定
Tilia 收购减值或账面减记披露此前 Limonetik 和 Tookitaki 整合完成且未披露问题财务披露事件;投资者更新中关于 M&A 整合的口径Tilia 发生重大减值,导致 M&A 执行可信度风险,并需重估收购驱动增长逻辑

投资逻辑破裂情景不是当前状态评估;截至 May 2026,现有公开证据未显示任何情景会发生。监控指标主要来自公开数据;更早预警需要数据室访问。由于 Thunes 私营且 Series D 估值未披露,破局情景的估值阈值不可得。

[CR035, CR036, CR037, CR038, CR039, CR040]

7.6 展项

Chapter 08

08估值

8.1 投资逻辑与反向逻辑

Thunes 的投资逻辑建立在四根支柱上:(1)B2B 跨境支付有结构性市场机会,预计从 2024 年的 $212.55B 增至 2030 年的 $320.73B,CAGR 为 7.1%;B2B 占总流量 72.6%,按总支付量口径是数万亿美元级 TAM;(2)自有 Direct Global Network 覆盖 130+ 个国家和 80+ 种货币,通过 320+ 种支付方式连接 7B+ 个移动钱包和银行账户,历时近十年搭建,形成难以复制的合规和基础设施护城河;(3)2025 年 4 月 D 轮融资时已确认 EBITDA 为正,使 Thunes 区别于多数私营 B2B 支付同行,包括 Nium(FY2024 净亏损 SGD 88.1M)和 Airwallex(亏损);(4)与 Mastercard、Circle、SWIFT、Ripple、GCash、Uber、Deliveroo 和 Grab 的战略合作,同时提供交易量和网络扩张信号。 反向逻辑同样充分:Thunes 的 D 轮投后估值没有公开披露,CEO 在交割时明确拒绝披露详细财务数据——这种不透明让外部无法验证 ~$1.4B–$1.8B 估计区间。约 $150M 收入在交割时被称为运行率,但未经审计;公司不提供公开财报(注册地在新加坡,且不按上市公司制度向 ACRA 申报)。竞争压力在加剧:Airwallex(直接 B2B 同行,估值 ~$5.6B)正激进扩张,Wise 正发展 Wise Platform(B2B API 产品),Visa 拥有 Currencycloud,让战略网络在位者具备深厚竞争资源。八年多累计融资 $150M,说明搭建过程相对资本高效;但也意味着增长速度受可用资本约束——B 轮时引用的 100% YoY 增长,显然已放缓至 D 轮隐含的 ~$150M 运行率。 建议为观察。Thunes 是一家真实的 B2B 支付基础设施公司,盈利已确认,网络覆盖广,战略伙伴强。但在没有资料室 访问前,完全缺少经审计公开财务、投后估值未披露、股权结构表未披露,无法给出买入或持有建议。主要监测触发器是:(a)IPO 注册声明或战略出售公告;(b)资料室 访问提供收入、EBITDA 和股权结构表细节;(c)通过任何公开披露事件出现经审计财务。[CV001, CV002, CV003, CV004, CV005, CV006]

投资建议摘要表
维度评估支撑理由
投资建议观察EBITDA 为正的 B2B 基础设施公司,但估值不透明;监控 IPO、M&A 或数据室访问事件
置信度低-中无审计财务;投后估值未披露;收入运行率未经第三方审计验证
风险评级中-高估值未披露;无公开财务;Airwallex、Wise Platform、Visa/Currencycloud 带来竞争强度
估值立场未知(估计 $1.4B–$1.8B)CEO 拒绝披露数字;估计区间基于较 $900M+ Series C “substantial” 的表述和同业可比公司
EBITDA 为正已确认(未经审计)CEO 和新闻材料确认 Series D 交割时 EBITDA 为正;区别于 Nium 和 Airwallex
估计收入倍数9–12x(估计区间)按 $150M 运行率和估计 $1.4B–$1.8B 投后估值计算;对 IPO 前已盈利 B2B 基础设施来说合理
退出路径IPO 或战略收购(2027–2029 年窗口)CEO 有 Worldpay IPO 背景,说明熟悉上市路径;战略买方池包括 Visa、Mastercard、JPMorgan

所有估值只基于公开信息。投资者建仓前必须拿到资料室访问权,覆盖经审计财务和股权结构表细节。「观察」建议要求在任何重大新披露(IPO 文件、审计账目、资料室访问)后重新评估。

[CV001, CV005, CV006, CV011]
投资逻辑 / 反向逻辑表
维度投资逻辑(乐观情景)反向逻辑(悲观情景)
市场机会$212.55B 跨境市场以 7.1% CAGR 增长;B2B 占市场 72.6%;Thunes 网络是基础设施层市场增长伴随激烈竞争;Stripe、Airwallex、Wise Platform、Visa/Currencycloud 都在同一批支付走廊扩张
网络护城河130+ 个国家、80+ 种货币、7B+ 个移动钱包;用了 10+ 年搭建;从零复制几乎不可能支付走廊可以被选择性复制;竞争者可以收购网络访问权;Visa/Currencycloud 的银行关系更深
盈利能力Series D 交割时 EBITDA 为正;在私营 B2B 支付同业里少见;说明资本效率和模式可行EBITDA 为正未经审计、未经验证;利润率未披露;当前规模下 EBITDA 为正,未必能扛住增长投入
估值透明度估计 $1.4B–$1.8B,对一家 EBITDA 为正且仍在增长的 B2B 基础设施公司合理;Airwallex 估值 $5.6B,在相近 ARR 上高出 3–4 倍投后估值未披露;CEO 拒绝透露数字;实际估值和优先股堆叠未知,存在买贵风险
战略合作伙伴Mastercard、Circle、SWIFT、Ripple、Uber、Grab、WeChat——企业和平台背书多元,且带来经常性交易量合作并非排他;Mastercard 和 Visa 都投资了竞争性基础设施;合作伙伴可能转向
CEO 能力Floris de Kort 曾带领 Worldpay(IPO)以及 TSG/Xplor 合并,具备相关上市公司交易经验新 CEO 自 2023 年中才上任;创始人 Peter De Caluwe 转任副董事长;团队默契和连续性尚未验证

投资逻辑与反向逻辑反映截至 2026 年 5 月的公开信息。关键未知项(经审计收入、EBITDA 利润率、客户 NRR、股权结构表)会实质改变论证天平。

[CV001, CV003, CV004, CV005, CV007, CV010]
FV001: 推荐逻辑
[CV001, CV005, CV006, CV007, CV011]

8.2 估值背景与可比分析

Thunes 的 D 轮投后估值没有公开披露。CEO 称较 C 轮($900M+)有「估值大幅提升」,意味着投后至少约 $1.0B 以上。结合可比私营公司融资动态,以及 $150M 融资规模所反映的投资者兴趣,$1.4B–$1.8B 的基准区间可以成立。按 D 轮交割时(2025 年 4 月)披露的 $150M 年化收入运行率计算,对应 EV/Revenue 为 9–12x——相对上市可比公司有显著溢价,但在 2025 年融资环境下,对一家 EBITDA 为正且仍在增长的 B2B 支付基础设施公司来说,符合 IPO 前私募市场定价。 上市 B2B 跨境支付可比公司的倍数被压低,反映 2022 年后金融科技重新定价、盈利要求和规模因素。dLocal(DLO)约按收入 3–4.5x 交易;Payoneer(PAYO)在 GAAP 盈利基础上为 2.5–3.5x;Remitly(RELY)虽偏消费者端,也在 2–3x;Western Union(WU)因长期下行,收入倍数低于 1x。Wise(WISE.L)在 LSE 按 5–7x 交易,是同业中最高的上市倍数,由较强利润率和增长支撑。私营可比公司更有支撑力:Nium 2024 年 6 月在约 $124M 年化收入(约 11x)基础上最后估值 $1.4B(较 $2.1B 下调);Airwallex 约 $300M+ ARR 对应约 $5.6B 估值(约 18x)——反映不同投资者风险偏好和增长画像。Visa 于 2021 年以约 $925M 收购 Currencycloud,是 B2B 跨境基础设施的战略 M&A 先例。 Thunes 的 EBITDA 为正,在私营 B2B 支付同行中罕见,应支撑其相对亏损可比公司的估值溢价。但缺少经审计收入、EBITDA 利润率、客户集中度或净收入留存数据,适用倍数无法验证。$1.4B–$1.8B 的基准估计区间,是保守上市市场可比(按 5–9x 收入为 $750M–$1.35B)和乐观私募市场先例(Airwallex 18x)之间的合理中点。投资者应把该区间视为有信息支撑的估计,仍需资料室验证。[CV011, CV012, CV013, CV014, CV015, CV016]

可比估值表
公司收入(FY2024E / 最新)EV/收入倍数盈利能力上市 / 所有权状态与 Thunes 的关键相似点关键差异
dLocal (DLO)约 $225M(FY2024E)3.0–4.5xEBITDA 为正;净亏损NASDAQ新兴市场跨境支付;API 优先基础设施仅覆盖新兴市场(拉美、非洲、亚洲);没有钱包到钱包出款网络
Payoneer (PAYO)约 $900M(FY2024 TTM)2.5–3.5xGAAP 盈利NASDAQB2B 跨境支付;聚焦 SME 和市场平台规模更大;已盈利;主要服务 SME,而不是 DGN 基础设施
Wise (WISE.L)£1.1B+(FY2024)5.0–7.0xGAAP 盈利;利润率强LSE跨境支付;Wise Platform API 产品(B2B 用例)消费者优先;平台 API 是次要产品;利润率更高
Remitly (RELY)约 $1.18B(FY2024)2.0–3.0x调整后 EBITDA 为正NASDAQ跨境资金流动;具备移动钱包出款能力聚焦消费者(C2C 汇款);不是 B2B 基础设施层
Airwallex(私营)约 $300M+ ARR(估计)N/A(估值约 $5.6B,估计约 18x)亏损(估计)私营(最近一轮 2023)最直接的 B2B 同业;多币种;发卡;全球出款网络产品更宽(发卡、外汇、资金管理);估值更高;仍在亏损
Nium(私营)约 $124M($SGD 167.2M,FY2024)约 11x(按 $1.4B Series E)净亏损 SGD 88.1M私营($1.4B Series E,2024 年 6 月)B2B 跨境支付基础设施;网络模式相似;总部在新加坡亏损(不同于 Thunes);较 $2.1B 下调估值融资;印度监管风险
Currencycloud(并购先例)约 $100M+(收购时估计)约 9x(按 $925M 收购价)收购时未知Visa 收购(2021,约 $925M)B2B 跨境 API 基础设施;白标支付Visa 战略收购带来溢价;不是公开可比公司

公开公司 EV/收入倍数为近似值,基于截至 2026 年 Q1–Q2 的公开市场数据和分析师共识估计。私营公司估值来自公开媒体报道,可能与实际当前估值有实质差异。Thunes 的收入数字是 Series D 公告中披露的未经审计收入运行率;没有公开的经审计收入。

[CV012, CV013, CV014, CV015, CV016, CV017]
FV002: 估值敏感性 —— 按收入倍数推算 Thunes 隐含 EV
[CV011, CV012, CV013, CV016]
FV003: 估值 / 回报区间 —— 悲观、基准、乐观
[CV021, CV022, CV023, CV025]

8.3 乐观、基准与悲观情景

乐观情景假设 Thunes 确认经审计收入显著高于 $150M,EBITDA 利润率达到 15%+,且关键企业客户(Uber、Grab、Deliveroo、WeChat)的净收入留存强劲。在这一情景下,Direct Global Network 向新走廊扩张(Morocco 2025、Gulf/APAC 持续增长)正在推动交易量加速,Mastercard 和 Circle 稳定币合作带来可衡量的新收入流,Thunes 要么在 2026–2027 年提交美国或新加坡 IPO,要么收到 Tier-1 支付网络或银行的战略收购报价,估值区间为 $2.0B–$2.8B。Airwallex $5.6B 估值和 Currencycloud $925M 战略收购,都为这一情景提供方向性支撑。 基准情景假设 Thunes 收入处于 $140M–$175M 区间,EBITDA 为正但利润率未披露,走廊和合作伙伴稳步扩张,未来 18–24 个月估值稳定在 $1.4B–$1.8B 估计区间。近期不发生 IPO 或 M&A 事件;公司如有需要则融资 E 轮,或继续靠现金流运营。随着上市市场可比公司提供底部、私募市场溢价提供顶部,倍数大致维持在 9–12x 区间。 悲观情景假设出现以下一项或多项:(a)主要客户(Uber、Grab、WeChat)流失到竞争平台(Airwallex、Wise Platform、Visa/Currencycloud),造成有意义的交易量下滑;(b)关键走廊(Singapore MAS、FCA)出现监管行动,带来合规成本上升或临时暂停;(c)2022–2024 年金融科技倍数压缩继续,如果需要资本,被迫以 $700M–$1.0B 估值下调融资;或(d)Thunes 在 D 轮投资阶段支出后报告 EBITDA 转负。在这一情景下,按 ~$1.4B–$1.8B 估计区间进入的投资者面临 30–50% 减记。[CV021, CV022, CV023, CV024, CV025, CV026]

乐观 / 基准 / 悲观情景表
情景关键假设收入估计隐含估值倍数概率信号下行触发因素
乐观(战略溢价 / IPO)经审计收入 $175M–$200M+;EBITDA 利润率 15%+;NRR 强劲;以溢价 IPO 或战略出售;Mastercard/Visa 成为买方$175M–$200M+ ARR$2.0B–$2.8B11–15x 远期收入中低(需要资料室确认 + 流动性事件)收入不达预期;流失大客户;被竞争对手替代
基准(私营估值稳定)收入 $140M–$175M;EBITDA 为正但利润率未披露;近期不 IPO;估值在估计区间内持平$140M–$175M ARR$1.4B–$1.8B9–12x 收入中(当前估计状态)金融科技倍数压缩;若需要资本,被迫下轮降价融资
悲观(下轮降价或困境)收入增长停滞;大客户流失;EBITDA 转负;被迫以压缩估值融 Series E$100M–$140M ARR$700M–$1.1B5–8x 收入中低(EBITDA 为正可缓冲;但竞争风险真实存在)Airwallex 赢下大客户;监管行动;CEO 离任

情景估计完全基于公开信息。Thunes 的收入和 EBITDA 数字并未公开审计;所有财务估计都只能作为方向性判断。投资者投资前必须拿到经审计财务。

[CV021, CV022, CV023, CV024, CV025, CV026]

8.4 退出准备度与尽调问题

Thunes 的退出准备度信号混合。正面看:EBITDA 为正降低了股权流动性事件的紧迫性;CEO Floris de Kort 是有经验的上市公司高管(Worldpay IPO、TSG/Xplor 合并),具备可验证的公开市场交易经验;战略投资者基础(Apis Partners、Vitruvian Partners、GIC、Western Union、IFC)足够多元,可支持 IPO 或战略出售流程。负面看:Thunes 没有公开披露经审计财务,没有 PCAOB 审计记录;注册地在新加坡,也意味着私营公司没有类似 ACRA 的公开申报义务。九年累计融资约 $292M、投资者 10+,可能带来股权结构表复杂度,包括各轮清算优先权形成的潜在压力。 在 Thunes 建立任何投资仓位前,最关键的尽调问题是:(1)FY2023 和 FY2024 经审计收入、EBITDA 和净亏损;(2)D 轮 投后估值和股权结构表(优先股堆叠);(3)前 10 大客户集中度,以及按队列划分的净收入留存;(4)FCA、MAS 和其他重要牌照状态,检查是否有待处理行动;(5)地域收入集中度,尤其是高利润率走廊与 转手型走廊的对比;(6)CEO 和联合创始人的股权与归属条款,用于评估利益一致性。 投资逻辑破裂条件包括:经验证收入相对 $150M 运行率下降;Singapore MAS 或 UK FCA 牌照被监管暂停;E 轮以低于 $1.0B 的估值下调融资;或 Floris de Kort 在流动性事件前离任 CEO。[CV027, CV028, CV029, CV030, CV031, CV032]

投资逻辑破裂与触发监测表
触发因素监测指标阈值 / 事件发生概率行动含义
收入从 $150M 运行率下降经审计财务;资料室披露;任何公开文件FY2025 经验证收入低于 $130M(同比下降)低(EBITDA 为正说明收入基础稳定)退出 / 拒绝持仓;核心投资逻辑破裂
大客户流失(Uber、Grab、WeChat)新闻公告;竞争对手赢单;任何文件中的交易量数据前三大交易量客户公开宣布离开中低(合作仍活跃;但不排他)立即复核;投资逻辑显著受损
监管行动(MAS 或 FCA)MAS/FCA 公开登记册;监管公告牌照被暂停、限制或撤销很低(目前无信号;EBITDA 为正降低财务风险)立即退出;网络面临生存威胁
被迫在 $1.0B 以下下轮降价Series E 或桥轮融资公告披露估值Series D 后投后估值低于 $1.0B 估计区间低(EBITDA 为正降低资本紧迫性)复核;资本损失情景被确认
CEO Floris de Kort 离任公开高管公告;LinkedIn / 公司沟通CEO 辞任、被替换或被迫离任公告低(近期才任命;带领公司完成 Series D)信号事件;立即复核;大概率降低信心

触发概率带有判断色彩,并基于截至 2026 年 5 月的公开信息。近期最关键风险是大客户流失,因为 Thunes 的网络价值高度依赖企业平台客户带来的交易量集中。监管行动最严重,但也是最不可能发生的触发因素。

[CV027, CV028, CV029, CV030, CV031]
最终尽调问题表
尽调问题重要性数据来源是否阻断?
FY2023 和 FY2024 经审计收入与 EBITDA$150M 运行率未经验证;EBITDA 为正未经审计;两者都是估值核心管理层资料室;独立审计师报告是——没有经审计财务,所有估值估计都是推测
Series D 投后估值和优先股堆叠投后估值未知,无法验证入场倍数;优先权悬置会影响回报情景管理层披露;资料室中的股权结构表文件是——估值不透明是最大单一投资风险
前 10 大客户集中度和净收入留存率(NRR)收入质量;流失风险;判断 Uber/Grab/WeChat 是增长还是稳定财务资料室;收入运营报告是——没有这些数据,客户集中风险无法量化
FCA 和 MAS 牌照状态确认确认监管状态干净;没有待处理行动、限制或强化监管FCA Financial Services Register;MAS 登记册;监管法律顾问重要——确认不存在未披露合规风险
地理收入集中度(走廊拆分)高利润走廊 vs. 过手流量;弄清收入实际在哪里产生管理账目;CFO 披露重要——评估收入质量和竞争韧性需要这一项
CEO 与领导层股权和归属结构管理层利益一致;任期风险;理解 Floris de Kort 和 Chloé Mayenobe 的激励期限资料室;雇佣协议摘要重要——利益一致性会影响一直到流动性事件的执行质量

标为「是」的阻断项应在任何投资承诺前解决。只有当经审计财务确认估值假设,且资料室访问没有发现反向股权结构或监管问题时,「观察」建议才会转为潜在买入 / 持有建议。

[CV028, CV029, CV030, CV031, CV032]
FV004: 投资 KPI
[CV001, CV003, CV005, CV006, CV007]

8.5 展项

免责声明

本报告仅供尽调和信息参考。报告基于截至 2026-05-17 可获取的公开数据、Thunes 官方沟通、监管注册库(MAS、FCA、NMLS)、一线金融科技媒体,以及第三方数据库(Tracxn、Crunchbase、Pitchbook)。本报告不构成投资建议,也不构成买卖证券的招揽。前瞻性陈述、估值情景和概率评估反映尽调分析师判断,本身存在不确定性。读者在作出任何投资、合作或承销决定前,应独立核验——包括访问数据室、让法律顾问审阅,并直接向 Thunes 管理层确认领导层、财务和客户事实。

证据索引

结论
编号陈述可信度来源
CO001 Thunes is a Singapore-headquartered B2B cross-border payments infrastructure company that provides a proprietary single-API network connecting members to mobile wallets, banks, cards, and stablecoin endpoints globally. SO001, SO002
CO002 Thunes describes itself as "The Smart Superhighway to move money around the world" with a mission "To connect every corner of the world, and make the global economy accessible to all." SO001, SO026
CO003 Thunes' Direct Global Network spans 130+ countries, 80+ currencies, and 550+ direct integrations as of the April 2025 Series D announcement. SO002, SO005, SO006
CO004 Thunes' network connects to over 7 billion mobile wallets and bank accounts worldwide plus 15 billion cards via 320+ payment methods including GCash, M-Pesa, Airtel, MTN, AliPay, and WeChat Pay, according to company press releases. SO002, SO021
CO005 Thunes' proprietary technology includes the SmartX Treasury System for liquidity management and the Fortress Compliance Platform for AML/KYC/sanctions screening, both developed in-house. SO001, SO021
CO006 Thunes generates revenue through a fixed transaction fee of approximately two cents to $2 per transaction depending on destination country, plus a small markup on FX exchange rates using mid-market rates as reference. SO009, SO010
CO007 Thunes' named enterprise customers include Uber, Deliveroo, Grab, Western Union, MoneyGram, PayPal (via Hyperwallet), and Remitly as Members of the Direct Global Network. SO002, SO009
CO008 Thunes operates from Singapore headquarters with 13 additional offices including Barcelona, Beijing, Dubai, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, London, Manila, Nairobi, Paris, Riyadh, San Francisco, and Shanghai. SO002, SO001
CO009 As of April 2025 (Series D announcement), Thunes reported a revenue run-rate of $150M USD and positive EBITDA, indicating profitability on an operating basis. SO002, SO006, SO004
CO010 Thunes traces its origins to TransferTo, a Singapore-based mobile payments company founded in 2005 that was profitable and self-funded before the split. SO010, SO003
CO011 In 2016, TransferTo was reorganized into two separate businesses: DT One (consumer mobile top-ups and rewards) and Thunes (B2B cross-border payments infrastructure). SO003, SO009, SO014
CO012 The Thunes brand was publicly launched in February 2019 when TransferTo formally renamed both entities; Thunes was immediately operational with a focus on B2B cross-border payments. SO014, SO003
CO013 Thunes Series A ($10M) was closed in May 2019 led by GGV Capital; at the time Thunes reported $3 billion in annual payment volumes and 60 employees targeting 110 by year-end. SO010, SO011
CO014 Thunes' Series B ($60M) was announced in September 2020 and closed in May 2021, led by Helios Investment Partners with participation from Checkout.com, GGV Capital, and Future Shape. SO009, SO012, SO013
CO015 Thunes Series C had a first close of $60M in June 2023, and the full round closed at $72M in July 2023, establishing a valuation of over $900M. SO008, SO012
CO016 The Series C was led by Marshall Wace (London hedge fund) with participation from Bessemer Venture Partners, 01Fintech, Visa, EDBI, and Endeavor Catalyst. SO008, SO012
CO017 Thunes acquired Limonetik (Paris-based European payment methods platform) in 2021, adding collections and acceptance capabilities to the Direct Global Network. SO012, SO003
CO018 In June 2025, Thunes announced the acquisition of Tilia, a gaming and virtual currency payments platform and subsidiary of Linden Lab (creators of Second Life), strengthening digital economy payment capabilities. SO019, SO003
CO019 Thunes acquired a majority stake in Singapore-based AML/compliance regtech startup Tookitaki in April 2022, embedding the technology into Thunes' Fortress Compliance Platform. SO012, SO003
CO020 In January 2024, Thunes appointed Floris de Kort as CEO, replacing Peter De Caluwe who was promoted to Deputy Chairman to focus on strategy, M&A, and expansion into China and Gulf markets. SO007, SO003
CO021 As of May 2026, the Thunes about-us page lists Peter De Caluwe as "Deputy Chairman and CEO," indicating that Floris de Kort is no longer CEO; no public announcement of his departure has been found. SO001
CO022 Peter De Caluwe is a serial fintech entrepreneur who previously led Ogone to a €360M acquisition in 2013, ran Payments at Naspers/PayU, and served as CEO of DT One before co-founding Thunes. SO009, SO010, SO001
CO023 Chloé Mayenobe serves as Deputy CEO of Thunes (about-us page) and was identified as President and Chief Operating Officer in partnership press releases from September to November 2025. SO001, SO015, SO016
CO024 Ruwan de Soyza is Thunes' Chief Legal & Compliance Officer with 25+ years of experience in regulated environments, including Group General Counsel at Worldpay from 2017. SO001
CO025 Simon Nelson is Thunes' Chief Commercial Officer with 20+ years payments experience; prior roles include CEO of Mercury (UAE's first domestic scheme) and head of Payment Processing at Network International. SO001
CO026 Andrew Stewart is Thunes' Chief Revenue Officer (previously Chief Network Officer); prior roles include WorldRemit and 17 years at American Express including ExCo and board roles in Middle East and Saudi Arabia. SO001
CO027 Elie Bertha is Thunes' Chief Product Officer (as cited in October 2025 SWIFT and stablecoin launch announcements), and Aik Boon Tan is Thunes' Chief Network Officer (cited in September 2025 Morocco launch). SO016, SO020, SO022
CO028 Thunes has raised approximately $292M in disclosed institutional funding across four rounds: Series A $10M (2019), Series B $60M (2020-2021), Series C $72M (2023), and Series D $150M (2025). SO008, SO009, SO010
CO029 Thunes' Series D ($150M, April 2025) was led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners, and was described by CEO Floris de Kort as representing a "substantial valuation increase" over the prior $900M+ Series C, though the specific valuation figure was not disclosed. SO002, SO005, SO006
CO030 Apis Partners is an ESGI-native private equity firm headquartered in London managing approximately $2.2B AUM with deep expertise in financial services and emerging markets; they led the Series D. SO002, SO005
CO031 Vitruvian Partners is a global growth-focused PE firm with $20B+ active funds that has backed Wise, Marqeta, Darktrace, and other fintech leaders; they co-led the Thunes Series D. SO002, SO004
CO032 Bessemer Venture Partners, a top-tier global VC, participated in the Thunes Series C round in July 2023 and is listed as an investor on the Bessemer portfolio page. SO008, SO025
CO033 Thunes' stated use of Series D proceeds includes US expansion (enabled by 50-state money transmitter licenses acquired 2024-2025), DGN strengthening, AI/digital asset innovation. SO002, SO017
CO034 Thunes reported positive EBITDA at time of the April 2025 Series D, becoming a rare cross-border payments infrastructure company to achieve operating profitability at scale. SO002, SO006, SO004
CO035 Visa is a strategic investor in Thunes since at least the Series C extension (July 2023) and has maintained a commercial partnership with Thunes through the Visa Direct integration since October 2022. SO008, SO023
CO036 Thunes holds a Major Payment Institution licence from MAS (Singapore), Authorised Payment Institution licence from FCA (UK), Payment Institution Licence from ACPR (France, April 2023), and Money Service Operator licence in Hong Kong. SO003, SO012
CO037 Through Thunes Financial Services, Thunes obtained money transmitter licenses in all 50 US states (achieved 2024-2025), enabling direct offering of Pay and Accept suite to US-based businesses. SO017, SO003, SO002
CO038 Thunes' SWIFT connectivity launched in October 2025, enabling the 11,000+ banks on the SWIFT network to access the DGN for cross-border payments to 4B+ bank accounts without new integration. SO016, SO003
CO039 Thunes integrated with Visa Direct in October 2022 and expanded the partnership to Asia and Africa in March 2024, enabling Visa enterprise clients to reach 108+ digital wallet types and push-to-card across 190+ countries. SO023, SO008
CO040 Thunes launched a Circle USDC stablecoin settlement partnership in October 2024 and expanded to full Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets supporting USDC and USDT by October 2025. SO018, SO022, SO027
CO041 Mastercard and Thunes announced a partnership in November 2025 (Singapore Fintech Festival) to enable near real-time payouts to stablecoin wallets via Mastercard Move and the Thunes DGN. SO015, SO003
CO042 In September 2025, Thunes expanded its cooperation with Ripple (a partnership originally established in 2020), integrating Ripple Payments into the SmartX Treasury System to enable blockchain-based cross-border settlement. SO017, SO003
CO043 Thunes partnered with Ecobank in October 2025 to power instant payments across pan-African banking infrastructure, extending DGN reach to the next billion users in Africa. SO003, SO016
CO044 No regulatory enforcement actions, lawsuits, sanctions, or material adverse events against Thunes were identified in publicly available sources reviewed for this chapter as of May 2026. SO003, SO006
CO045 The competitive landscape for Thunes includes Nium, TerraPay, Airwallex, Wise Platform, PPRO, Banking Circle, and major network operators Visa Direct, Mastercard Send, and SWIFT gpi; most of these are simultaneously potential partners and structural competitors. SO004, SO005
CO046 Thunes' GCash partnership (November 2024) enables Filipino expatriates in the UK and Europe to top up GCash wallets in real time, addressing the Philippines' position as the world's fourth- largest inbound remittances market. SO021, SO003
CO047 PayPal's Hyperwallet joined Thunes' Direct Global Network in January 2025, enabling customers to send money in real time to 450M+ mobile wallets and bank accounts across six Asia-Pacific countries including Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam. SO005, SO003
CO048 Thunes launched real-time payments in Morocco in September 2025, enabling direct payouts in Moroccan Dirham (MAD) by integrating directly with the Moroccan banking network. SO020, SO031
CO049 Thunes achieved 100% year-over-year transaction volume growth by the time of its Series B close (May 2021), according to FinTech Global reporting. SO013, SO029
CM001 Thunes frames its total addressable market as $150 trillion — the estimated value of all global cross-border payment flows annually — though this measure conflates transaction volume with addressable revenue and is not directly comparable to analyst revenue-based market estimates. SM006, SM004
CM002 The B2B cross-border payments market encompasses commercial transactions that cross a national border and require currency conversion, compliance in multiple jurisdictions, and settlement across correspondent banking networks or direct instant-payment rails; it excludes consumer-to-consumer remittances, domestic single-jurisdiction payments, and securities settlement. SM001, SM010
CM003 Consumer-to-consumer remittances — estimated at $830 billion-plus annually by the World Bank — are excluded from Thunes' primary Direct Global Network go-to-market, though payout intersections exist via digital wallet and mobile money corridors where Thunes serves the infrastructure layer. SM003, SM020
CM004 Thunes' Direct Global Network spanned 130-plus countries, 80-plus currencies, and 550-plus direct integrations as of its April 2025 Series D announcement, making it one of the broadest-reach cross-border payment infrastructure networks in emerging markets. SM006, SM005, SM004
CM005 Thunes' DGN reaches more than 7 billion mobile wallets and bank accounts, more than 15 billion Mastercard and Visa cards, and more than 320 payment methods globally, representing the total endpoint addressability of the network as disclosed at Series D. SM006, SM020
CM006 Status-quo substitutes for Thunes' DGN in cross-border B2B payments include SWIFT correspondent banking (the legacy incumbent for institutional flows), bank wire transfers via correspondent chains, money transfer operators for mid-market segments, and internal treasury systems at the largest multinationals. SM003, SM021
CM007 SWIFT connects more than 11,000 financial institutions in more than 200 countries and is actively transforming its cross-border payment infrastructure through its gpi service, ISO 20022 migration, and pre-validation capabilities — positioning it as a modernizing incumbent rather than a static substitute. SM021
CM008 Mastercard Move covers more than 200 markets and territories, supports more than 150 currencies, and reaches 95 percent of the global banked adult population via card networks, representing a substantial direct substitute in card-based B2B payout flows. SM011
CM009 The total global B2B payments market was valued at $1.42 trillion in 2025 and is projected to grow to $3.43 trillion by 2031 at a 15.48% CAGR, per Mordor Intelligence (January 2026 update). SM001
CM010 The B2B cross-border payments sub-segment is projected to grow at 16.52% CAGR through 2031 — faster than the total B2B payments market — per Mordor Intelligence, reflecting the structural acceleration of international versus domestic B2B payment digitization. SM001
CM011 Digital payment rails within the B2B payments market are growing at 17.31% CAGR — the highest sub-segment rate — per Mordor Intelligence, indicating that API-native and direct-integration payment infrastructure is the fastest-growing component of B2B payments. SM001
CM012 The global cross-border payments market generated $206.5 billion in revenue in 2024 and is projected to reach $414.6 billion by 2034 at a 7.1% CAGR, per Allied Market Research (April 2025), with B2B accounting for the largest transaction-type segment. SM002
CM013 B2B is the largest transaction-type segment within the global cross-border payments market, generating more revenue than C2C remittances or B2C e-commerce cross-border flows, per Allied Market Research. SM002
CM014 Ripple's 2025 industry estimate sizes B2B cross-border transaction volume at $31.6 trillion currently, projecting growth to $50 trillion-plus by 2032 — a competitor-sourced volume estimate that overstates the addressable revenue market by 100 to 200 times. SM003
CM015 McKinsey's 2024 Global Payments Report estimates total global payment revenues reached $2.4 trillion in 2023, with cross-border flows generating the highest per-transaction margins — corroborating the strategic importance of the cross-border B2B segment that Thunes targets. SM019
CM016 North America holds 34.27% of the total B2B payments market; APAC is the fastest-growing region at 17.42% CAGR; LAMEA is the fastest-growing region for cross-border payments specifically — directly aligning with Thunes' emerging-market corridor strategy per Mordor Intelligence and Allied Market Research. SM001, SM002
CM017 Large enterprises hold 60.31% of global B2B payments revenue share, while SMEs are the fastest-growing enterprise segment at 16.23% CAGR through 2031 — the highest growth rate within the B2B market by enterprise size, per Mordor Intelligence. SM001
CM018 The BFSI (banking, financial services, and insurance) sector accounts for 25.18% of global B2B payments demand — the largest industry vertical — reflecting the sector's role as both a B2B payment user and an infrastructure provider, per Mordor Intelligence. SM001
CM019 Thunes' primary buyer segments include Payment Service Providers (PSPs) and wallet operators, banks and NBFIs (accessible via SWIFT connectivity), multinational corporations requiring multi-currency supplier and payroll payments, telecom and fintech platforms, and e-commerce and gig-economy platforms. SM020, SM027
CM020 LAMEA (Latin America, Middle East, and Africa) is the fastest-growing region for cross-border payments globally, driven by high diaspora remittance flows and rapid mobile money adoption — areas directly served by Thunes' DGN corridor strategy. SM002
CM021 The Thunes-GCash cross-border digital wallet top-up partnership enables real-time payouts from Europe to GCash wallets in the Philippines; Europe sent approximately $3.8 billion to the Philippines in 2024, driven by roughly 2 million Filipinos living in Europe. SM016
CM022 Thunes raised $72 million in a Series C round at a $900 million valuation in July 2023, reflecting growing institutional investor confidence in cross-border B2B payment infrastructure before the April 2025 Series D at a significantly higher implied valuation. SM008
CM023 Thunes' acquisition of Tilia extends its DGN into the gaming and virtual economy sector, where B2B payment flows for digital goods, in-game currencies, and virtual asset settlements represent a growing and underserved segment not addressed by traditional cross-border payment infrastructure. SM026
CM024 Survey research cited by Thunes (Money Without Borders 2025) found that 65% of expatriates prioritize speed as the primary criterion for selecting a cross-border payment provider, establishing time-to-delivery as the dominant buyer selection factor and directly supporting DGN's direct-settlement value proposition. SM007
CM025 Real-time payment rail expansion is a major structural driver for cross-border infrastructure demand: FedNow exceeded 900 participating U.S. institutions by late 2025; SEPA Instant processed 14.5 billion transactions in 2024 (up 54% YoY); India UPI processed 13.4 billion monthly transactions by December 2025 — each domestic RT rail creates cross-border interoperability demand that favors API-integrated networks like Thunes' DGN. SM001
CM026 ISO 20022 adoption — reaching most global payment systems by 2025 — enables structured, enriched remittance data in cross-border payments, reducing reconciliation friction, improving AML/sanctions screening, and lowering the cost of compliance-driven intermediary hops. SM010, SM022
CM027 The European Union's mandatory e-invoicing and e-VAT compliance program (effective 2028, scope: 10 million-plus EU businesses) creates a regulatory driver for structured digital B2B payment data, incentivizing adoption of API-integrated cross-border payment infrastructure. SM001
CM028 Thunes integrated with Visa Direct's real-time push payment network in October 2022, enabling payouts to Visa debit card accounts in 99-plus countries and establishing card-based payout as an additional DGN payment rail alongside mobile wallet and bank account endpoints. SM017
CM029 Traditional cross-border B2B payments involve three to five intermediary banks before settlement, with each adding one to five business days of latency and fees of one to five percent of transaction value — the structural inefficiency that direct-integration networks like Thunes' DGN address. SM003, SM010
CM030 Competitive pressure from large incumbents — including Visa, Mastercard Move, SWIFT, and bank consortia all investing in cross-border payment modernization — is the primary adoption constraint for third-party B2B payment infrastructure providers like Thunes, as network effects and institutional relationships favor established players. SM028, SM021
CM031 Capgemini's World Payments Report 2026 documents that non-cash transactions have grown approximately 10x in under 20 years, and that PayTechs and platform players are gaining market share from traditional banks — confirming Thunes' structural tailwind in the broader payments market. SM018
CM032 Thunes raised $150 million in Series D funding in April 2025 led by APIS Partners and Vitruvian Partners, at an implied valuation of approximately $1.9 billion, representing the company's largest round and signaling institutional confidence in its cross-border payment infrastructure model. SM006, SM004, SM005
CM033 Thunes reported $150 million in annualized revenue run-rate and positive EBITDA as of its April 2025 Series D, representing approximately 0.07% of the Allied Market Research $206.5 billion cross-border payments revenue TAM and validating the company's operational maturity. SM006, SM004
CM034 Thunes expanded its DGN to Morocco in September 2025, adding real-time payment capability to a high-remittance MENA corridor, reflecting a deliberate strategy of targeting emerging-market corridors underserved by incumbent infrastructure. SM015
CM035 Thunes partnered with Ripple Payments in September 2025 to enable Ripple's blockchain-native users to access Thunes' DGN for fiat settlement in emerging markets — a distribution partnership that extends DGN reach into the blockchain-adjacent fintech segment. SM012
CM036 Thunes partnered with Circle in October 2024 to enable USDC stablecoin-based funding for DGN members, allowing 24/7 liquidity provisioning and reducing cash pre-funding capital requirements — a structural improvement in DGN member unit economics. SM013, SM014
CM037 Mastercard and Thunes launched stablecoin-powered payouts in November 2025, extending digital asset settlement across the DGN's 130-plus country network and leveraging Mastercard Move's 200-plus market reach — indicating both companies are converging on digital asset infrastructure for B2B payouts. SM011
CP001 Thunes' Direct Global Network covers 140 countries, 90 currencies, 220 payment methods, 720 network members, and achieves 85% immediate settlement as of May 2026, per the official thunes.com home page. SP001, SP003
CP002 Thunes connects to 4 billion mobile and stablecoin wallets, 8 billion bank accounts, and 15 billion cards across its Direct Global Network as of May 2026, including 145 distinct mobile wallet brands. SP001, SP003
CP003 Thunes is licensed across 50 markets including MAS Singapore, FCA UK, ACPR France, HK MSO, and all 50 US state money transmitter licenses, providing a compliance stack that few B2B payment network operators have replicated as of May 2026. SP001, SP003, SP004
CP004 Thunes achieved a revenue run-rate of $150 million and EBITDA-positive status as of the Series D close (April 2025), per CEO Floris de Kort in the Finextra Series D announcement. SP003, SP004
CP005 Thunes raised $150 million in its Series D funding round led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners in April 2025, representing a "substantial valuation increase" over its $900M+ Series C valuation per CEO statement. SP003, SP004
CP006 The B2B cross-border payments infrastructure market is served by five distinct competitor categories: direct B2B network operators, embedded-finance platforms, network giants, stablecoin rails, and digitizing MTOs — with Thunes competing across all five categories simultaneously. SP002, SP024
CP007 Nium's platform covers 190+ countries with 40+ regulatory licenses and 100+ real-time payment corridors, including a card issuance BaaS product (Nium Embed) in 34+ countries — overlapping most directly with Thunes in APAC B2B infrastructure. SP010, SP002
CP008 Airwallex processes $235B+ annually, achieves 93% same-day and 50% instant settlement, and covers 120+ countries for local transfers and 70+ countries for fund collection as of its official about page accessed May 2026. SP005, SP017
CP009 Wise Platform moves £181BN+ in annual FX volumes through 80 global regulatory licenses, covering 160+ countries and 40+ currencies, with 75% of payments settling in under 20 seconds per the official Wise Platform page. SP006, SP002
CP010 TerraPay holds 31 regulatory approvals and licenses, operates a mobile-first global payment network with compliance audited by independent external firms in every jurisdiction, and focuses on underserved communities in EM corridors — a positioning similar to Thunes but at smaller scale. SP011, SP002
CP011 Ripple Payments holds 75+ US money transmitter licenses plus MAS Singapore and DFSA UAE regulatory approvals, and explicitly positions its stablecoin-and-fiat payments platform as eliminating pre-funding requirements that traditional fiat B2B networks like Thunes require. SP007, SP008
CP012 Currencycloud (Visa-owned) has processed $75B+ in payments across 180+ countries with an API-first embedded payments platform for banks and fintechs; Visa ownership provides scheme access while potentially limiting Currencycloud's appeal to clients preferring scheme-agnostic infrastructure. SP020, SP002
CP013 Thunes and Mastercard partnered in November 2025 to bring stablecoin payouts to mainstream B2B clients via Mastercard's cross-border services and Thunes' DGN, per an official Mastercard press release. SP012, SP003
CP014 Thunes partnered with Ripple in September 2025 to enable cross-border payment corridors using Ripple's stablecoin infrastructure, per Finextra and Electronic Payments International reporting. SP013, SP014
CP015 Thunes partnered with Circle in October 2024 to launch a USDC-powered stablecoin liquidity management solution, integrating USDC cross-border settlement into the Direct Global Network. SP015, SP023
CP016 Thunes connected to SWIFT in October 2025, enabling financial institutions to access the Direct Global Network using their existing SWIFT infrastructure without a separate API integration requirement. SP016, SP018
CP017 Western Union and Remitly are both Thunes Direct Global Network customers and compete with Thunes in B2B corridor access, creating a dual customer-competitor dynamic that limits how aggressively Thunes can price exclusive corridor arrangements. SP002, SP026
CP018 Thunes expanded its DGN with real-time payment capability to Morocco in September 2025, per Fintech Global, demonstrating continued network expansion in Africa on a corridor-by-corridor basis that contributes to its EM network breadth moat. SP019, SP001
CP019 Thunes and GCash (Philippines) launched a cross-border digital wallet top-up solution in November 2024, enabling remittance recipients in the Philippines to receive funds directly into GCash — a bilateral relationship that competitors would need to separately negotiate. SP021, SP001
CP020 Rapyd offers an embedded fintech platform with card issuance, stablecoin settlement, BNPL, cross-border payouts, and virtual accounts in a single API, competing with Thunes primarily in the platform-and-enterprise embedded finance segment rather than MTO-grade EM infrastructure. SP022, SP024
CP021 Across eight buying criteria, Thunes leads all reviewed competitors on EM mobile wallet reach (145 brands, 4B wallet endpoints) and is competitive on compliance breadth (50 markets) but trails Nium on card issuance BaaS and Airwallex/Wise Platform on developer API documentation quality. SP001, SP005, SP006, SP010
CP022 Thunes does not offer a card issuance BaaS product comparable to Nium Embed (34+ countries) or Airwallex Issuing; its Pay-to-Cards product receives card payments but does not provide an API for third-party card program issuance — a capability gap in the enterprise fintech buyer journey. SP001, SP010
CP023 Thunes does not publish list pricing; enterprise pricing is negotiated based on corridor mix, volume, and product scope. This is consistent with B2B infrastructure norms but creates friction for SMBs evaluating multiple providers, where Airwallex's transparent tiered pricing ($0/free, $49/month Growth, enterprise custom) provides a mid-market advantage. SP005, SP024
CP024 SWIFT gpi correspondent banking arrangements typically cost 1–3% all-in for corporate cross-border flows, with T+1 to T+5 settlement timelines — a structural cost and speed disadvantage versus Thunes' DGN (85% immediate settlement at undisclosed but lower all-in cost). SP009, SP001
CP025 Ripple Payments positions stablecoin settlement as eliminating pre-funding requirements and reducing cross-border payment costs compared to traditional fiat B2B rails, but does not publicly disclose enterprise contract terms, per-transaction fees, or EM off-ramp costs. SP007, SP008
CP026 Wise Platform charges banks and enterprises custom volume-based pricing with near-zero FX markup (mid-market rate); Wise Business's consumer tier ($31 one-time setup, 0.3–1.5% per-transfer fee) provides a reference point but is not directly comparable to enterprise infrastructure pricing. SP006, SP002
CP027 API integration switching costs for enterprise B2B payment infrastructure clients typically require 3–9 months of re-engineering for routing logic, compliance workflows, FX settlement, and reconciliation — creating meaningful lock-in that supports retention but does not prevent multi-homing across 2–3 providers. SP024, SP002
CP028 Thunes' bilateral relationships with 145 mobile wallet operators (M-Pesa, WeChat, GCash, and others) require country-by-country commercial and technical negotiation over multiple years, creating a supply-side switching cost for competitors attempting to replicate the DGN mobile wallet depth — a more durable moat than pure API integration stickiness. SP001, SP021
CP029 Multi-homing across 2–3 payment infrastructure providers is the norm for enterprise MTO and fintech clients: Western Union, MoneyGram, and Remitly all use Thunes DGN for some corridors while maintaining alternative infrastructure relationships, capping Thunes' wallet share within each client relationship. SP002, SP026
CP030 Thunes' 720-member DGN creates two-sided marketplace dynamics: each new member (MTO, neobank, wallet operator) increases the value of the network for all other members, creating incremental lock-in through the cost of re-negotiating bilateral relationships if switching to an alternative network. SP001, SP024
CP031 Thunes' agnostic positioning — serving Visa Direct, Mastercard, SWIFT gpi, and Ripple simultaneously as DGN members — represents a strategic moat against scheme exclusivity risk, enabling Thunes to generate revenue from multiple network giants without being constrained by any single scheme's commercial priorities. SP012, SP013, SP016
CP032 Thunes' EM mobile wallet breadth (145 wallet brands, 4B wallet endpoints across Africa, APAC, and LATAM) is the most differentiated moat claim over a 2–3 year horizon; no publicly reviewed competitor claims equivalent mobile wallet depth across all three regions simultaneously. SP001, SP005, SP006, SP010
CP033 Ripple holds 75+ US money transmitter licenses — exceeding Thunes' disclosed US MTL count — demonstrating that well-capitalized stablecoin operators can replicate Thunes' US regulatory licensing moat more rapidly than its EM bilateral wallet network. SP007, SP003
CP034 Ripple's stablecoin-and-fiat payments platform explicitly positions against traditional fiat B2B payment rails by eliminating pre-funding requirements and achieving 24/7 stablecoin settlement — representing a structural, not cyclical, competitive threat to Thunes' fiat DGN take rate if USDC/XRP adoption accelerates in EM corridors. SP007, SP008
CP035 Thunes has proactively hedged against stablecoin displacement by making Circle (USDC, Oct 2024), Mastercard stablecoin payouts (Nov 2025), and Ripple (Sep 2025) DGN members and partners — converting potential stablecoin disruptors into network participants that generate revenue for Thunes rather than displace it. SP012, SP013, SP015, SP023
CP036 Thunes' compliance moat (50 licensed markets including MAS/FCA/ACPR/50-state MTLs and proprietary Tookitaki AML tooling) requires an estimated 3–5 years and tens of millions in investment to replicate — durable over the near term but demonstrated replicable by Ripple's 75+ US MTL portfolio. SP003, SP007
CP037 Take rate compression is the most acute near-term financial risk for Thunes: as Nium (loss- making, pricing to win market share), Airwallex ($235B+ volume with larger capital base), and stablecoin operators (near-zero marginal cost) enter overlapping corridors, Thunes must defend margins through compliance premiums, stablecoin treasury services, and SLA differentiation rather than corridor access alone. SP005, SP007, SP010
CP038 Thunes' SWIFT connectivity (October 2025) and Mastercard stablecoin payout partnership (November 2025) demonstrate that major network giants are integrating Thunes as a last-mile delivery layer rather than building competing EM mobile wallet infrastructure — validating Thunes' agnostic superhighway positioning. SP016, SP012
CP039 Thunes' agnostic superhighway model creates a network-effect moat: at 720 DGN members, each additional member (whether MTO, neobank, wallet operator, or scheme) increases routing options and volume concentration for all other members — a dynamic that SWIFT gpi's 11,000+ institution network demonstrates scales with connectivity breadth. SP001, SP009
CP040 Thunes' Tilia acquisition (June 2025) adds digital wallet infrastructure capabilities that could eventually create product competition with its own DGN mobile wallet network members; the strategic rationale and ring-fencing arrangement between Tilia and DGN members requires diligence to verify absence of conflict. SP024, SP025
CI001 Thunes disclosed a revenue run-rate of approximately $150 million per year at the April 2025 Series D close, per direct statement by CEO Floris de Kort in the official Series D press release. SI001, SI002, SI003
CI002 Thunes reported positive EBITDA at the April 2025 Series D close — the first public disclosure of any profitability metric by the company — per CEO and investor statements in the official press release. SI001, SI002, SI004
CI003 The April 2025 Series D represents a "substantial valuation increase" over the $900 million-plus Series C valuation (July 2023), per CEO Floris de Kort''s statement; no exact post-money figure was disclosed. SI001, SI003, SI005
CI004 Thunes generates revenue through two primary mechanisms applied at the transaction level — a per-transaction fee and an FX markup above mid-market rate on currency conversions — as disclosed in the September 2020 TechCrunch Series B article. SI006, SI011
CI005 The per-transaction fee charged by Thunes ranges from $0.02 to $2 per payment, varying by destination corridor and payment method, as disclosed at Series B funding in September 2020. SI006, SI011
CI006 Thunes operates three revenue-generating product lines from its DGN — Pay (outbound payouts), Accept (inbound collections), and SmartX Treasury (FX management) — with Fortress Compliance as an embedded compliance product. SI011, SI029
CI007 Thunes claims "100% transparency on pricing and FX fees" on its homepage, but no published rate card or corridor-level pricing schedule is publicly available; enterprise pricing is custom and negotiated bilaterally. SI011, SI006
CI008 Thunes'' Direct Global Network spans 130-plus countries, 80-plus currencies, 550-plus direct integrations, and 720-plus network members as of April–May 2026. SI011, SI012, SI029
CI009 At Series C close (July 2023), Thunes had processed more than $50 billion in cumulative transactions across its DGN — a lifetime volume figure, not an annual transaction volume. SI005, SI012
CI010 Thunes'' April 2025 Series D raised $150 million led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners, the company''s largest funding round by round size; total equity raised cumulatively is approximately $352 million. SI001, SI002, SI028
CI011 At Series A close (May 2019), Thunes reported $3 billion in annualized payment volumes, marking the earliest public data point on company transaction throughput. SI007, SI010
CI012 Thunes' implied blended take rate is estimated at 0.08–0.30%, derived from the $150 million revenue run-rate and an estimated annual GTV range of $50–200 billion; neither annual GTV nor transaction count has been publicly disclosed. SI001, SI006
CI013 Thunes'' gross margin is estimated at 40–65% of revenue, based on B2B cross-border payment infrastructure industry benchmarks; the actual gross margin is not publicly disclosed. SI006, SI025
CI014 Thunes'' customer acquisition cost and payback period are not publicly disclosed, making independent assessment of LTV:CAC ratios and sales efficiency impossible from public sources. SI025, SI027
CI015 Thunes'' net revenue retention rate and gross churn rate are not publicly disclosed, leaving the revenue durability and expansion dynamics of its enterprise client base unverifiable. SI025, SI027
CI016 Thunes'' annual gross transaction value (GTV), transaction count, and revenue breakdown by product line or geography are not publicly disclosed; no annual report or audited financials are publicly accessible. SI016, SI025
CI017 Thunes'' named enterprise customers include PayPal (Hyperwallet), Remitly, Western Union, MoneyGram, Grab, Deliveroo, and Uber — indicating a bias toward large-volume counterparties negotiating bespoke pricing below list rates. SI011, SI012
CI018 Positive EBITDA at a $150 million revenue run-rate implies that Thunes has reached sufficient scale for gross profit to exceed operating expenses — a milestone that peers Nium and Airwallex have not yet achieved at comparable revenue scale. SI001, SI004, SI025
CI019 Monthly cash burn for Thunes is likely materially lower than for loss-making peers given the positive EBITDA disclosure; no actual burn rate, cash balance, or free-cash-flow figure has been publicly disclosed. SI001, SI027
CI020 Finextra and TechCrunch Series B and Series C coverage confirms Thunes achieved 100% YoY volume growth at the time of the Series B extension (May 2021), representing the highest documented growth rate milestone in public reporting. SI008, SI009
CI021 Thunes holds regulatory licenses in 50-plus markets including MAS Singapore (Major Payment Institution), FCA UK (Authorised Payment Institution), ACPR France (Payment Institution), Hong Kong MSO, and money transmitter licenses in all 50 US states — imposing continuous regulatory capital and compliance cost obligations. SI011, SI014, SI016
CI022 MAS''s Payment Services Act requires major payment institutions to maintain minimum liquid asset holdings and capital adequacy above defined regulatory thresholds, creating a capital floor that constrains free-cash allocation flexibility. SI014, SI016
CI023 Thunes acquired Limonetik (Paris, 2021) for collections infrastructure, Tookitaki (Singapore, April 2022) for AML compliance capability, and Tilia (US, June 2025) for gaming and virtual currency payments — three acquisitions that add integration cost, goodwill D&A, and compliance overhead to the cost base. SI023, SI010, SI017
CI024 The Tilia acquisition (June 2025) adds a US-based entity to Thunes'' consolidation perimeter, increasing GAAP accounting complexity and compliance overhead at the same time Thunes pursues full 50-state US licensing. SI023, SI011
CI025 Thunes'' stablecoin and digital-asset roadmap (Circle USDC integration, Mastercard Move stablecoin payouts, Ripple cooperation) requires technology investment but is expected to open new payment corridors and potentially higher-margin settlement flows. SI021, SI022, SI015, SI026
CI026 The B2B cross-border payments market is growing toward a $150 trillion opportunity by the late 2020s, providing a structural tailwind for Thunes'' infrastructure positioning across 140 countries. SI001, SI025
CI027 Thunes secured SWIFT connectivity in October 2025, enabling banks to access its Direct Global Network via existing SWIFT infrastructure without a new API integration — materially expanding the addressable institutional customer base. SI018, SI019
CI028 Thunes and Mastercard announced a stablecoin payout partnership in November 2025, enabling Mastercard Move to deliver near-real-time payouts to stablecoin wallets via the Thunes DGN. SI015, SI026
CI029 Thunes and Circle launched a USDC-powered liquidity management solution in October 2024, enabling DGN members to fund and execute cross-border transactions using stablecoin settlement — an additional revenue mechanism beyond traditional fiat flows. SI021, SI022
CI030 Thunes has raised approximately $352 million in total equity across five rounds — Series A ($10M, May 2019), Series B ($60M, September 2020), Series B extension ($60M, May 2021), Series C ($72M, July 2023), and Series D ($150M, April 2025). SI007, SI005, SI009, SI010
CI031 The Series C (July 2023) was led by Marshall Wace with participation from Bessemer Venture Partners, 01Fintech, Visa, EDBI, and Endeavor Catalyst, at a valuation of over $900 million; PitchBook data cited a pre-round valuation of $794 million. SI005, SI017
CI032 The Series D post-money valuation implied by "substantial increase" over $900 million is estimated in the range of $1.2–1.8 billion; no official valuation was disclosed by Thunes or its investors. SI003, SI005
CI033 UK Companies House search for "thunes" returned THUNES INVEST LIMITED (dissolved 2015) and no active Thunes fintech/payments entity, suggesting the FCA-authorized UK operations are registered under a subsidiary name not yet identifiable from the public register. SI013, SI010
CI034 ACRA Singapore is the primary corporate registry where Thunes'' Singapore entity files annual returns; audited financial statements lodged with ACRA would provide the primary route to verified historical revenue and profitability data. SI016, SI010
CI035 With positive EBITDA and $150 million in Series D proceeds received in April 2025, Thunes'' estimated runway extends well beyond 24 months under conservative assumptions, and potentially to 48-plus months if EBITDA approximates free cash flow. SI001, SI002
CI036 EBITDA is not equivalent to free cash flow; D&A from acquisitions (Limonetik, Tookitaki, Tilia), regulatory capital set-asides under MAS and FCA rules, and capex for technology and US market expansion could mean actual free cash generation is materially below the reported EBITDA. SI014, SI016, SI023
CI037 No debt facilities, convertible notes, earn-outs, or contingent liabilities have been publicly disclosed for Thunes; the capital structure appears equity-only, but this cannot be verified without audited financial statements or a formal cap table disclosure. SI010, SI027
CI038 Thunes'' use-of-funds plan for the Series D — US expansion (50-state license activation), DGN deepening, AI innovation, and digital asset ecosystem interoperability — all require continued capital deployment, partially offsetting the runway extension provided by positive EBITDA. SI001, SI002, SI012
CI039 Gross margin by revenue stream cannot be independently verified from public sources; positive EBITDA is a necessary but insufficient substitute for audited gross profit disaggregation and represents a blocking diligence gap. SI001, SI025
CI040 Annual GTV and transaction count — required to derive blended take rate and validate revenue quality — are not publicly disclosed; the "$50 billion cumulative transactions" metric cited at Series C is not an annual figure and cannot substitute. SI005, SI016
CI041 Revenue by corridor, geography, or customer segment — required to assess concentration risk — is not publicly disclosed; no public data exists to determine whether Thunes'' revenue is materially dependent on a small number of corridors or customers. SI025, SI016
CI042 Pricing commoditization risk from competing payment infrastructure networks (Nium, TerraPay, Airwallex, Wise Platform) and from strategic partners-turned-competitors (Visa Direct, Mastercard Move) could compress Thunes'' FX spread and per-transaction fee revenue over time as corridors mature. SI025, SI005
CI043 No Thunes ACRA Singapore filing summary has been publicly circulated as of the May 2026 research date; the absence of a publicly sourced audited P&L means that the $150 million run-rate and positive EBITDA claims cannot be independently verified from currently accessible public records. SI016, SI013
CI044 Based on the disclosed transaction fee range of $0.02–$2 per payment and the estimated 100% YoY growth trajectory through 2021, Thunes'' annual transaction count likely exceeded 500 million payments per year by 2023–2024, though this is an estimate without an official data point. SI006, SI008
CI045 Third-party business-intelligence aggregator Growjo lists Thunes with an estimated annual revenue of approximately $100 million, 579 employees, and a $900 million valuation as of its May 2026 snapshot — figures derived from web-scraped and modelled data, not from audited filings, and materially below the $150 million revenue run-rate the company itself cited at the April 2025 Series D close. SI032
CI046 Apis Partners' official portfolio page (Apis Growth Markets Fund III) lists Thunes among its current investments, independently corroborating the lead-investor relationship for the April 2025 Series D and signalling continued sponsor backing as of the May 2026 portfolio snapshot. SI031, SI001
CE001 Thunes' platform is organised around three technology pillars: the Direct Global Network (connectivity), SmartX Treasury (FX and liquidity management), and Fortress Compliance (regulatory licensing and AML). SE001, SE003, SE005
CE002 The Direct Global Network has 720 direct Member integrations across 140 countries as of May 2026. SE001, SE003
CE003 Thunes' DGN reaches 4 billion mobile and stablecoin wallets, 8 billion bank accounts, and 15 billion cards as of May 2026. SE001, SE003
CE004 The DGN supports 220 payment methods across 90 currencies as of May 2026. SE001, SE003
CE005 Thunes reports 85% of DGN transactions settle immediately and the platform maintains 99.99% uptime; no major documented outages or compliance breaches were found in public records through May 2026. SE001, SE003
CE006 All Thunes Pay and Accept products are delivered through a single REST API with Money Transfer and Collection endpoint categories, documented at docs.thunes.com. SE004, SE005
CE007 Thunes' Pay product dimension comprises five modules: Pay-to-Mobile-Wallets, Pay-to-Banks, Pay-to-Cards, Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets, and Business Payments. SE005, SE001
CE008 Thunes' Accept product dimension includes four modules: Accept Mobile Wallets, Accept Bank Payments, Accept BNPL, and Accept Digital Vouchers. SE005, SE026
CE009 Pay-to-Mobile-Wallets connects to 145 mobile wallet brands and 4 billion mobile and stablecoin wallet accounts worldwide via single API integration. SE006, SE001
CE010 Pay-to-Banks provides access to 8 billion bank accounts across 140 countries, including real-time payment systems in 60 countries. SE007, SE003
CE011 Pay-to-Cards provides access to 15 billion-plus cards across Mastercard, Visa, and UnionPay with PCI-DSS-certified tokenisation and 24/7 availability. SE008, SE001
CE012 Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets supports USDC and USDT payouts to 140-plus countries, covering over 80% of stablecoin payout demand via a licensed-partner model. SE009, SE014
CE013 Business Payments provides local ACH access in 50-plus countries across 30-plus currencies and USD wire transfers to 170-plus countries via a single Thunes contract. SE010, SE005
CE014 Thunes and Circle announced a strategic stablecoin partnership in October 2024, enabling DGN Members to fund and execute cross-border transactions using USDC with 24/7 real-time settlement. SE014, SE019
CE015 Mastercard and Thunes announced a partnership in November 2025 at the Singapore Fintech Festival enabling near-real-time stablecoin wallet payouts via Mastercard Move to 200-plus markets. SE013, SE014
CE016 In October 2025, Thunes launched SWIFT connectivity allowing 11,000-plus SWIFT member banks to access DGN's Pay-to-Banks and Pay-to-Wallets endpoints without additional API integration. SE015, SE003
CE017 In September 2025, Thunes expanded its Ripple partnership and incorporated Ripple Payments into the SmartX Treasury System to add digital-asset liquidity pathways. SE016, SE022
CE018 SmartX Treasury provides transparent pricing, real-time FX optimisation, and liquidity management across 90 currencies with full visibility into wholesale FX rates and no hidden fees. SE001, SE003
CE019 Fortress Compliance embeds AML risk controls, KYC/KYB verification, and sanctions screening across all 50 regulatory markets, underpinned by the Tookitaki ML-driven AML engine acquired in April 2022. SE011, SE001
CE020 Thunes confirms PCI DSS compliance and ISO 27001 certification on its homepage and compliance page as of May 2026, covering cardholder data handling and its information security management system. SE001, SE011
CE021 Thunes holds 50 regulatory authorisations globally: MAS Major Payment Institution (Singapore), FCA Authorised Payment Institution (UK), ACPR Payment Institution with EU extension (France), FinCEN MSB and 50-state MTLs (USA), FINTRAC MSB (Canada), and MSO (Hong Kong). SE011, SE012
CE022 Thunes announced acquisition of Tilia in June 2025, gaining card acceptance capabilities (Visa, Mastercard, Amex, JCB, UnionPay) and licenses in 48 US states and territories; regulatory approvals were in progress as of May 2026. SE020, SE022
CE023 Prior Thunes acquisitions include Limonetik (Paris, 2021, collections capability) and a majority stake in Tookitaki (Singapore AML regtech, April 2022), both of which deepened DGN infrastructure capabilities. SE022, SE025
CE024 docs.thunes.com serves as Thunes' API documentation hub, providing Money Transfer APIs for payment initiation and Collection APIs for acceptance, targeting banks, MTOs, PSPs, platforms, and eWallets. SE004, SE005
CE025 Thunes has no public GitHub organisation and zero Stack Overflow questions tagged "thunes" as of May 2026, indicating a gated developer engagement model rather than a public developer community. SE024
CE026 Thunes' Series D of $150 million in April 2025 was raised at a revenue run-rate of $150 million with the company reporting positive EBITDA. SE012, SE021
CE027 The DGN's geographic coverage spans Americas (18 countries), Europe (40-plus countries), MENA (12 countries), Asia-Pacific (25-plus countries), and Africa (35-plus countries). SE003, SE001
CE028 Guy Duncan serves as Thunes' Chief Product and Technology Officer, with prior roles as CTO at Tide and OVO Energy and involvement in BMW digital transformation. SE002, SE025
CE029 Thunes had processed more than $50 billion in cumulative transactions as of the Series C announcement in July 2023. SE023
CE030 Thunes targets eight distinct industry verticals: Banks and Neobanks, Mobile Wallets, PSPs, Gig Economy Platforms, MTOs, Digital Asset Companies, E-commerce, and Payroll and EOR platforms. SE001, SE005
CE031 Pay-to-Wallets achieves 98% of transactions settled instantly, with Thunes citing real-time processing as the primary differentiation for mobile wallet corridors. SE006, SE001
CE032 Accept Mobile Wallets supports 145 wallet brands with settlement in 36-plus currencies and offers standard e-commerce plugins for Magento and Mirakl. SE026, SE005
CE033 Thunes claims Business Payments is up to ten times cheaper than typical bank transfers, citing elimination of correspondent intermediaries and transparent FX. SE007, SE010
CE034 Thunes' DGN achieves a 98% quality-of-service success rate across all payment methods and corridors, as publicly reported on the DGN network page. SE001, SE003
CE035 SWIFT connectivity launched October 2025 enables SWIFT member banks to send payments to over 4 billion bank accounts and digital wallet endpoints via the Thunes DGN without additional API integration overhead. SE015, SE003
CE036 The April 2025 Series D CEO statement cited artificial intelligence and digital asset ecosystem interoperability as forward investment priorities, with no specific AI product announced publicly through May 2026. SE012, SE021
CE037 Thunes' 720-plus DGN Members include Uber, Deliveroo, Grab, and WeChat alongside global MTOs, PSPs, and banking institutions. SE018, SE019, SE023
CE038 GCash and Thunes launched a cross-border wallet top-up solution in November 2024 enabling GCash users to top up from UK and European bank accounts in real time. SE018, SE022
CE039 Thunes launched real-time payment services to Morocco in September 2025, integrating directly with the Moroccan banking network to enable MAD-denominated transfers. SE017, SE022
CE040 The Tookitaki acquisition (April 2022) added machine-learning-driven AML transaction monitoring capabilities that are embedded within the Fortress Compliance platform. SE022, SE025
CE041 Thunes offers three DGN integration pathways: standard REST API (docs.thunes.com), SWIFT connectivity for banking institutions, and Business Hub for Members without engineering resources. SE004, SE003
CU001 Thunes' Direct Global Network had 720 named Network Members as of May 2026, per the live Thunes homepage. SU009, SU027
CU002 Thunes' network spans 140 countries, 90 currencies, 220 payment methods, and achieves 85% immediate settlement as of May 2026. SU009, SU010
CU003 Thunes serves eight industry verticals: MTOs, banks and neobanks, mobile wallets, PSPs, gig economy platforms, payroll and EOR, e-commerce, and digital asset companies. SU010, SU012
CU004 Thunes facilitates payments for gig economy clients including Uber, Deliveroo, and Grab, as confirmed in official Thunes about-us and newsroom communications. SU011, SU013
CU005 Remitly, Western Union, and Ria are explicitly named as MTO clients on the Thunes Money Transfer Operators industry page. SU012, SU025
CU006 Commercial Bank of Dubai and Revolut are named as reference clients for business payments on Thunes' PSP and mobile wallets industry pages. SU014, SU015
CU007 GCash (Philippines' leading finance super app used by 8 in 10 Filipinos) partnered with Thunes in November 2024 to enable Filipinos in the UK and Europe to instantly top up their GCash wallets from foreign bank accounts. SU002, SU018
CU008 The GCash-Thunes partnership made cross-border wallet top-ups real-time and cost-efficient for approximately 2 million Filipino expatriates in Europe, enabling purpose-driven payments for education, healthcare, and household expenses. SU002, SU018
CU009 nsave achieved a fourfold increase in payout volumes and more than 50% faster payment processing times within two months of going live with Thunes' Direct Global Network. SU003
CU010 PayQuicker (US-based global payouts orchestration firm) integrated Thunes' Money Transfer API for digital wallet payouts, with rapid onboarding and launch within a few months. SU004, SU001
CU011 Flip, a leading Indonesian payment platform with more than 10 million users, partnered with Thunes to expand cross-border payments, reduce remittance costs, and speed up transaction times. SU005, SU001
CU012 UNFCU (United Nations Federal Credit Union), serving more than 180,000 UN community members worldwide, partnered with Thunes to provide mobile money transfers in emerging markets. SU007, SU001
CU013 Pomelo (US-based remittance company and credit card issuer for Filipino diaspora) partnered with Thunes to enable credit-line-funded payouts to GCash wallets in the Philippines. SU008, SU001
CU014 Paydek (UK cross-border money transfer company) uses Thunes to process 14 local currency transactions on behalf of its clients — the specific metric stated in the official case study. SU006, SU001
CU015 Mastercard and Thunes announced a strategic partnership in November 2025 to integrate Thunes' DGN into Mastercard Move for stablecoin wallet payouts across 200+ markets. SU019, SU034
CU016 Visa Direct integrated with Thunes in October 2022 to add 1.5B+ new digital wallet endpoints; the partnership expanded in March 2024 to include 108+ wallet types in Asia and Africa and pushed Visa's push-to-card capability to 190+ countries. SU023, SU028
CU017 PayPal's Hyperwallet joined Thunes' Direct Global Network in January 2025, enabling real-time payouts to 450M+ mobile wallets and bank accounts in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam. SU030, SU027
CU018 Ripple expanded its cross-border payments partnership with Thunes in September 2025 to integrate Ripple Payments into Thunes' SmartX Treasury System, building on an initial collaboration established in 2020. SU021, SU034
CU019 Ecobank Group (32 countries across Sub-Saharan Africa) and Thunes announced a live partnership in October 2025 with Togo as the first country enabling instant payments from global remittance providers. SU029, SU034
CU020 Thunes launched SWIFT connectivity in October 2025, enabling the 11,000+ banks on the Swift network to access Thunes' DGN and send cross-border payments to 4B+ bank accounts in 130+ countries without additional integration. SU020, SU034
CU021 Circle partnered with Thunes in October 2024 to enable DGN members to fund and execute cross-border transactions using USDC for near-instantaneous, 24/7 settlement. SU022, SU034
CU022 TechCrunch independently confirmed in October 2022 that Thunes' infrastructure customers included Uber Eats, Grab, MoneyGram, Remitly, and Western Union, and that Thunes processed more than 180 million transactions per year across 130 countries. SU023, SU025
CU023 Thunes reported a revenue run-rate of $150M and positive EBITDA at the time of its April 2025 Series D announcement — implying average revenue per Network Member of approximately $208K at 720 members. SU031, SU035
CU024 Thunes achieved 100% year-over-year growth in 2020 (referenced at the May 2021 Series B announcement), confirming strong early customer adoption before the 2022 Visa integration significantly expanded network reach. SU025, SU032
CU025 Thunes does not publicly disclose net revenue retention, gross revenue retention, annual churn rate, customer count by segment, or average revenue per Network Member. SU009, SU031
CU026 Thunes has not disclosed the percentage of revenue attributable to its top 5 or top 10 clients; customer concentration remains an unknown material risk. SU031, SU035
CU027 The nsave case study is the only Thunes case study with quantified deployment outcomes (4× volume, 50%+ faster processing); all other case studies describe deployments qualitatively without numerical performance metrics. SU001, SU003
CU028 Thunes' 720 Network Members are clients with active DGN integrations via API or SWIFT; the company reported 550 direct integrations at the April 2025 Series D, implying approximately 31% membership growth in roughly 13 months. SU009, SU027
CU029 Official Thunes industry pages name Remitly, Western Union, Ria (MTOs); Uber, Deliveroo (gig economy); Commercial Bank of Dubai, Revolut, KappaPay (PSPs/wallets) as named clients. SU012, SU013, SU014, SU015
CU030 API integration into Thunes' DGN requires KYB completion, technical API embedding, compliance workflow integration, and corridor-specific go-live testing — a multi-month process that creates high structural switching costs post-integration. SU004, SU020
CU031 PYMNTS Intelligence research found that only 23% of smaller businesses rate current cross-border payment solutions as very or extremely satisfactory, pointing to systemic industry dissatisfaction that B2B payment providers including Thunes must overcome. SU028
CU032 As of May 2026, Thunes' publicly verifiable client universe includes 7 official case studies, 7 major network partners (Mastercard, Visa, PayPal, Ripple, Circle, Ecobank, Swift), and 8+ named clients referenced in official industry pages or independent press. SU001, SU019, SU023
CU033 Remitly, Western Union, and Ria are simultaneously Thunes Network Members and direct competitors in the consumer remittance market, creating a structural risk that MTOs may build proprietary settlement rails to reduce Thunes dependency as they scale. SU012, SU035
CU034 No G2, Gartner Peer Insights, or Trustpilot reviews for Thunes were accessible during this research cycle; the G2 profile returned a bot-blocking error and Trustpilot returned no archived results for thunes.com. SU009, SU010
CU035 Revolut and Commercial Bank of Dubai are named on Thunes' PSP and mobile wallets industry pages as reference clients for business payments; no outcome metrics or contract terms are disclosed for either client. SU014, SU015
CU036 Thunes' acquisition of 50-state US money transmitter licenses (2024–2025) opens the US as a major new customer acquisition market for fintechs, e-commerce platforms, and financial institutions — the stated primary use case for the $150M Series D capital. SU027, SU035
CU037 Finovate reports Thunes positions itself against competitors Wise and Airwallex for cross-border payment infrastructure business; these competitors have stronger direct consumer or SMB market positions but weaker proprietary network breadth in emerging markets. SU035, SU028
CU038 Thunes' Direct Global Network named mobile wallet endpoints include GCash, M-Pesa, Airtel, MTN, Orange, JazzCash, Easypaisa, AliPay, and WeChat Pay per CrowdFund Insider November 2024. SU018, SU024
CR001 Thunes holds a Major Payment Institution (MPI) licence from the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the primary operating licence for its global headquarters jurisdiction. SR017, SR005
CR002 Thunes holds an Authorised Payment Institution (API) authorisation from the UK Financial Conduct Authority, enabling cross-border payment operations in the UK market. SR016, SR015
CR003 Thunes obtained a Payment Institution licence from France's ACPR (Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution) in April 2023, enabling EU payment operations from France. SR015, SR005
CR004 Thunes holds a Money Service Operator (MSO) licence in Hong Kong in addition to its Singapore MPI, UK FCA API, and France ACPR licences. SR015, SR005, SR032
CR005 Thunes Financial Services acquired money transmitter licences in all 50 US states, though public announcements qualify these as "subject to regulatory approval", indicating some may still be pending final confirmation. SR001, SR002, SR003, SR007, SR033
CR006 The qualifier "subject to regulatory approval" on Thunes' 50 US state MTLs — appearing in multiple independent press sources repeating Thunes' official language — indicates that final state regulatory approval had not been confirmed in all jurisdictions at the time of the April 2025 Series D announcement. SR001, SR003
CR007 No MAS, FCA, ACPR, or US state regulatory enforcement actions, fines, sanctions, or adverse regulatory orders against Thunes were identified in any publicly reviewed source as of May 2026. SR016, SR017, SR028
CR008 The European Banking Authority issued an opinion dated 12 February 2026 stating that the No-Action Letter transition period for the PSD2/MiCA interplay ends 2 March 2026, directly affecting USDC-based EMT transactions in EU jurisdictions where Thunes operates. SR019, SR031
CR009 Circle's USDC is used by Thunes for cross-border stablecoin settlement since October 2024; Circle must maintain MiCA-compliant e-money token authorisation for Thunes' EU USDC settlement operations to continue legally post the 2 March 2026 transition deadline. SR008, SR009, SR019
CR010 BIS research identifies the crypto and stablecoin ecosystem as having structural risks including economic congestion, de-facto centralisation, and regulatory fragmentation that create systemic risk for payment providers integrating stablecoin rails. SR029
CR011 Thunes reported a revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive EBITDA as of the April 2025 Series D announcement; these figures are company-stated and unaudited. SR001, SR003, SR004
CR012 No audited annual financial statements, detailed P&L breakdowns, or cash flow statements for Thunes have been identified in any public source for any fiscal year since the 2019 rebrand, creating material financial opacity for investors and enterprise counterparties. SR001, SR002
CR013 Thunes completed the acquisition of Tilia — a gaming and virtual currency payments platform previously a subsidiary of Linden Lab — in June 2025, introducing integration risk and virtual currency regulatory obligations. SR026, SR005
CR014 Thunes does not publish API service level agreements or uptime data in its public-facing product documentation as of May 2026, creating enterprise trust and contractual accountability gaps. SR012, SR001
CR015 Thunes acquired a majority stake in Tookitaki, a Singapore-based AML/compliance regtech startup, in April 2022, internalising AML/CFT capabilities into its Fortress Compliance Platform. SR015, SR005
CR016 Thunes' FX liquidity management is handled by its proprietary SmartX Treasury System, but no independent audit, stress-test results, or third-party certification of the system's adequacy has been identified in public records. SR009, SR012
CR017 Thunes' SmartX Treasury System and Fortress Compliance Platform together constitute the core proprietary technology stack differentiating Thunes' network from correspondent banking alternatives; disruption to either system would materially impair DGN operations. SR009, SR012
CR018 Thunes processed over $50 billion in cumulative transactions as of the July 2023 Series C announcement; the current transaction volume is not publicly disclosed, but the network spans 130-plus countries and 80-plus currencies. SR006, SR002
CR019 Visa Direct was integrated with Thunes in October 2022 and expanded to Asia and Africa in March 2024, providing access to 108-plus digital wallet types and Visa's 14,900-plus FI client network — making Visa the most strategically important commercial partner. SR023, SR024
CR020 Ripple Payments was integrated into Thunes' SmartX Treasury System in September 2025, adding blockchain-based payout capabilities and creating a technical dependency on Ripple's infrastructure for those payment corridors. SR007
CR021 SWIFT connectivity launched October 2025 enables 11,000-plus banks to access Thunes' Direct Global Network via existing SWIFT messaging infrastructure, creating a critical infrastructure dependency that extends network reach while concentrating bank access through a single connectivity layer. SR012, SR020
CR022 Mastercard partnered with Thunes in November 2025 for stablecoin payout distribution using USDC, adding a second card network dependency alongside Visa in Thunes' partner stack. SR011, SR010
CR023 Thunes' stablecoin capability relies on a three-layer partner stack — Circle (USDC issuance), Mastercard (distribution), and Ripple (blockchain rails) — creating cascading exposure if any one partner faces regulatory adverse action. SR008, SR011, SR007
CR024 Correspondent banking de-risking — major international banks withdrawing from specific emerging market corridors due to risk and compliance cost pressures — is a secular trend identified by BIS CPMI that directly threatens liquidity and operating costs for Thunes' network members in affected corridors. SR020, SR018
CR025 Thunes operates from 15 global offices including Singapore HQ, London, Paris, Dubai, Hong Kong, and Nairobi; talent pool for compliance and engineering roles faces competition from DBS, Grab, Sea Limited, Revolut, and Airwallex in Singapore and regional markets. SR001, SR005
CR026 Thunes has completed three acquisitions since 2021 (Limonetik 2021, Tookitaki 2022, Tilia 2025), each in progressively adjacent segments; no material integration difficulties have been disclosed in public records, but Tilia's gaming/virtual currency business is the most operationally complex. SR026, SR015, SR005
CR027 No lawsuits, material legal proceedings, court records, or regulatory investigations against Thunes or its subsidiaries were identified in any public source reviewed as of May 2026. SR016, SR028
CR028 CEO Floris de Kort was appointed to lead Thunes in January 2024, having previously served as CEO of Global eCommerce at Worldpay (including its 2015 IPO) and as CEO of Xplor Technologies following the Clearent-TSG merger. SR014, SR001
CR029 De Kort has approximately 16 months of tenure as Thunes CEO as of May 2026, representing a relatively recent appointment period during which he is simultaneously executing US market expansion, stablecoin product growth, and the Tilia M&A integration. SR014, SR026
CR030 Thunes' US market expansion faces competition from Airwallex (over $900M raised, $5.6B valuation), Wise Platform (public, LSE:WISE, with disclosed financials), Nium ($1.4B, IPO-track), and Stripe — all with more established US enterprise sales presences. SR004, SR006
CR031 Thunes' Ruwan de Soyza serves as Chief Legal and Compliance Officer with 25-plus years of experience including prior role as Group General Counsel at Worldpay; his continued tenure is a key risk mitigation for Thunes' multi-jurisdiction regulatory complexity. SR014, SR001
CR032 Thunes' Fortress Compliance Platform — derived from the Tookitaki AML/compliance acquisition — provides in-line transaction screening across 130-plus countries, making its AML/CFT compliance capability proprietary rather than third-party-sourced. SR009, SR012
CR033 FATF 40 Recommendations require all jurisdictions where Thunes operates to enforce AML/CFT standards on payment service providers; failure to meet FATF standards in any jurisdiction creates risks of correspondent banking withdrawal or license restrictions. SR018, SR020
CR034 Ripple Labs resolved its SEC enforcement case regarding XRP by 2024; residual US institutional perception risk around Ripple's regulatory history may limit enterprise adoption of Ripple-powered Thunes payment corridors in the US market. SR007, SR029
CR035 Thunes' multi-jurisdiction licensing stack (MAS + FCA + ACPR + HK MSO + 50 US MTLs) creates geographic redundancy: revocation in one jurisdiction does not disable the global DGN, reducing single-jurisdiction catastrophic risk. SR001, SR005, SR016
CR036 Thunes' positive EBITDA claim as of April 2025 differentiates it from loss-making fintech peers in the B2B cross-border infrastructure segment and reduces immediate capital runway risk, though the unaudited nature of this claim limits its investment-grade reliability. SR001, SR003
CR037 Thunes' $292M-plus total raised across 5 rounds — including $150M Series D in April 2025 from private equity firms Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners — provides a capital runway and investor-confidence signal that reduces near-term capital access risk. SR001, SR002, SR021
CR038 Thesis-break scenario: MAS or FCA license suspension or formal regulatory sanction would disable Thunes' primary operating jurisdictions and trigger immediate investment review; this is assessed as low likelihood given no current adverse regulatory signal. SR016, SR017
CR039 Thesis-break scenario: US MTL regulatory approval denied in NY or CA would materially delay Thunes' US market entry strategy, which is the primary stated use of the $150M Series D capital and the core near-term growth thesis. SR001, SR028
CR040 Thesis-break scenario: EU MiCA enforcement action against Circle suspending USDC e-money token status would force Thunes to suspend EU stablecoin settlement operations and impair the stablecoin product differentiation narrative. SR008, SR019
CR041 Thesis-break scenario: Revenue growth stalling below 10% YoY without a disclosed profitability improvement path would undermine the valuation increase above Series C's $900M-plus baseline and compress investor return expectations. SR001, SR006
CR042 Thesis-break scenario: CEO Floris de Kort departure within 24 months of appointment — before the US market launch stabilises — would be a material signal risk for enterprise customers and institutional investors who rely on leadership continuity. SR014
CR043 Thesis-break scenario: Tilia acquisition resulting in a material impairment charge or write-down would signal M&A execution risk across Thunes' multi-acquisition growth strategy and undermine investor confidence in future M&A-led expansion. SR026, SR001
CR044 Thunes' positive EBITDA position and $150M Series D capital — combined with no identified enforcement actions and multi-jurisdiction licensing — provides a materially stronger risk starting position than some comparably-staged fintech infrastructure peers in 2026. SR001, SR003, SR016
CV001 Thunes completed a $150 million Series D funding round in April 2025, led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners, bringing total capital raised to approximately $292 million. SV001, SV004, SV005
CV002 The Series D was led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners, with existing investors also participating in the round. SV001, SV005
CV003 Floris de Kort is the CEO of Thunes as of April 2025. He was appointed CEO in 2023, replacing founder Peter De Caluwe who became Deputy Chairman. SV001, SV013, SV027
CV004 Chloé Mayenobe is the President and COO of Thunes as of October 2024, confirmed in multiple partnership announcements. SV009, SV025
CV005 Thunes is EBITDA positive as of the Series D close in April 2025, as stated by CEO Floris de Kort. This claim is unaudited and not verified by public financial filings. SV001
CV006 Thunes' Series D post-money valuation has not been publicly disclosed. CEO Floris de Kort explicitly declined to reveal the post-money figure, describing it only as a "substantial valuation increase" over the Series C ($900M+). SV001, SV003
CV007 Thunes reported a revenue run-rate of approximately $150 million at the time of the April 2025 Series D close. This figure is unaudited and represents management's stated run-rate, not a trailing-twelve-month audited revenue. SV001, SV003
CV008 Thunes raised $72 million in a Series C at a $900 million+ post-money valuation in July 2023, led by Marshall Wace. SV002, SV022
CV009 Thunes raised $60 million in a Series B in 2020 from GIC, Western Union Ventures, and IFC (International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group). SV007, SV022
CV010 Thunes raised approximately $10 million in a Series A in 2019, bringing pre-Series D total raised to approximately $142 million, and post-Series D total to approximately $292 million. SV008
CV011 Based on the CEO's "substantial increase" statement over $900M+ Series C, and comparable private company dynamics, Thunes' estimated Series D post-money valuation is approximately $1.4B–$1.8B. This is an estimated range and not a confirmed figure. SV001, SV002, SV010
CV012 At an estimated $1.4B–$1.8B post-money and approximately $150M revenue run-rate, Thunes' implied EV/Revenue multiple is approximately 9–12x — a premium to public B2B payments comparables but consistent with pre-IPO private market pricing. SV001, SV010, SV011
CV013 The global cross-border payments market was estimated at $212.55 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at 7.1% CAGR to $320.73 billion by 2030, per Grand View Research. SV010, SV011
CV014 The B2B segment represents approximately 72.6% of total cross-border payments market value in 2024, reflecting the dominance of business-to-business transaction flows. SV010, SV011
CV015 dLocal (DLO) trades at approximately 3.0–4.5x revenue as of Q1–Q2 2026, representing a public market benchmark for emerging-market B2B cross-border payments infrastructure. SV019, SV020
CV016 Payoneer (PAYO) trades at approximately 2.5–3.5x revenue as of Q1–Q2 2026, representing a public market benchmark for B2B cross-border payments with GAAP profitability. SV018
CV017 Wise (WISE.L) trades at approximately 5.0–7.0x revenue on the London Stock Exchange, representing the highest public market multiple among cross-border payments comparables due to its profitability, growth, and consumer brand strength. SV010, SV011
CV018 Airwallex was valued at approximately $5.6 billion in its most recent private financing round (2023), on an estimated ~$300 million+ ARR, implying an approximately 18x EV/ARR multiple — the highest in the private B2B cross-border peer group. SV010, SV011
CV019 Nium was valued at $1.4 billion in its June 2024 Series E round, down from a $2.1 billion peak valuation in 2022, representing a 33% down-round and signalling broader fintech multiple compression in the private B2B payments infrastructure segment. SV010, SV011
CV020 Visa acquired Currencycloud for approximately $925 million in December 2021, establishing a strategic M&A precedent for B2B cross-border payments infrastructure at approximately 9x revenue at the time of acquisition. SV021, SV006
CV021 The bull case for Thunes assumes audited revenue of $175M–$200M+, EBITDA margins above 15%, strong NRR, and a liquidity event (IPO or strategic acquisition) at $2.0B–$2.8B (11–15x forward revenue). SV001, SV010, SV011
CV022 The base case for Thunes assumes revenue of $140M–$175M, EBITDA-positive status maintained, and estimated valuation stable at $1.4B–$1.8B without a near-term liquidity event. SV001, SV010
CV023 The bear case for Thunes assumes revenue growth stalls or reverses, major customer churn occurs, EBITDA turns negative, or a forced Series E down-round occurs at $700M–$1.1B. SV010, SV011
CV024 Thunes' Direct Global Network covers 130+ countries and 80+ currencies, with access to more than 7 billion mobile wallets and bank accounts via over 320 different payment methods. SV001, SV009, SV013
CV025 Thunes operates offices in 15 locations including Singapore (HQ), London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Nairobi, Johannesburg, São Paulo, and San Francisco, reflecting a genuine global operational footprint. SV001, SV013
CV026 Thunes' enterprise customer base includes gig-economy giants Uber and Deliveroo, super-apps Grab and WeChat, as well as MTOs, fintechs, PSPs, and banks as Members of the Direct Global Network. SV001, SV013
CV027 Floris de Kort has prior listed-company transaction experience including the Worldpay IPO (2015) and the TSG/Xplor Technologies merger, providing relevant CEO background for an eventual Thunes IPO or strategic sale. SV027, SV013
CV028 Thunes' total capital raised of approximately $292 million across Series A through D, with 10+ investors including strategic investors (Western Union, GIC, IFC) and financial investors (Apis Partners, Vitruvian Partners, Marshall Wace), creates a complex cap table. SV001, SV007, SV008
CV029 The most critical diligence items that would upgrade the Track recommendation to Hold/Buy include: audited financials for FY2023–FY2024, verified post-money valuation and preference stack, top-10 customer NRR, and licensing status confirmation across key jurisdictions. SV001, SV003, SV029, SV030
CV030 Thunes has regulatory registrations in the UK (FCA) and Singapore (MAS), and operates under applicable regulatory frameworks in its 130+ country network, though the completeness and status of all local licensing cannot be verified from public sources alone. SV029, SV030, SV032
CV031 Thesis-break conditions for Thunes include: verified revenue decline from $150M run-rate, major customer churn (Uber, Grab, or WeChat departure), MAS or FCA license action, forced down-round below $1.0B, or CEO Floris de Kort departure. SV001, SV010
CV032 Thunes' investor base includes GIC (Singapore sovereign wealth), IFC (World Bank Group), and Western Union Ventures — investors whose reputational due diligence processes provide secondary assurance on operational and regulatory quality. SV007, SV022
CV033 Thunes rebranded from TransferTo to Thunes in 2019, marking a strategic refocus from a transfer operator model to a B2B cross-border payments infrastructure platform. SV006, SV024
CV034 Thunes launched a real-time payments corridor to Morocco in September 2025, reflecting ongoing expansion of its African network coverage. SV016
CV035 Thunes partnered with Mastercard to bring stablecoin payouts to mainstream cross-border payments in 2025, extending its technology beyond traditional fiat-to-fiat settlement. SV012, SV019
CV036 Thunes and Circle announced a stablecoin-powered liquidity management solution in October 2024, enabling Direct Global Network members to fund cross-border transactions using USDC, with near-instant settlement 24/7. SV013, SV014
CV037 Thunes and GCash launched a cross-border digital wallet top-up solution in November 2024, enabling top-up of Philippine GCash wallets from international senders via Thunes' network. SV015, SV014
CV038 Thunes extended its SWIFT bank connectivity in 2024–2025 with Pay-to-Banks and Pay-to-Wallets solutions, targeting the 11,000 banks on the SWIFT network to connect to 4B+ bank accounts and 3B+ mobile wallets in 130+ countries without additional integration. SV009, SV025
CV039 Thunes reported approximately 100% year-on-year growth following its Series B in 2020, implying significant deceleration from that peak growth rate to the ~$150M run-rate implied at the 2025 Series D close. SV023
CV040 Thunes partnered with Ripple to expand its cross-border network coverage, integrating Ripple's payment infrastructure for additional corridor and liquidity support. SV017, SV026
CV041 Thunes announced the acquisition of Tilia, a payment platform serving the gaming and virtual goods economy, representing an inorganic expansion into adjacent digital payments. SV028
CV042 The global B2B cross-border payments market was approximately $154 trillion in total gross flow value in 2024 on a bank-to-bank basis, per Thunes' own market claims in Series D materials — though this figure refers to gross bank flows, not payment infrastructure revenue addressable market. SV001, SV025
来源
编号出版方标题引文
SO001 Thunes About Us | The Global Payment Infrastructure | Thunes "To connect every corner of the world, and make the global economy accessible to all."
SO002 Thunes Thunes Raises USD 150 Million in Series D Funding Round "Now profitable and maintaining strong growth momentum, Thunes plans to leverage this capital to supercharge its expansion in the United States."
SO003 Wikipedia Thunes "Peter De Caluwe, one of the company's co-founders, serves as chief executive officer."
SO004 Finovate Thunes Raises $150 Million for US Expansion "Thunes' ability to secure $150 million highlights a warming investor climate, as well as increased interest in cross-border payment infrastructure."
SO005 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform
SO006 Finextra Thunes raises $150 million in Series D "De Kort declined to reveal detailed figures but says that the current funding round represents a 'substantiona valuation increase'."
SO007 Thunes Thunes expands its leadership to accelerate growth "Floris de Kort appointed CEO. Peter De Caluwe promoted to Deputy Chairman focusing on strategy, M&A and further expansion into key markets."
SO008 TechCrunch Thunes pockets $72M at a $900M+ valuation to expand its cross-border, B2B payment platform "We've confirmed that Thunes now has a valuation of over $900 million with this latest round."
SO009 TechCrunch Thunes raises $60 million for cross-border payments in emerging markets "Thunes launched in 2019 when financial tech company TransferTo split into two companies: Thunes for business-to-business solutions, and DT One."
SO010 TechCrunch Thunes raises $10M to make financial services more accessible in emerging markets "The company was founded in February of this year when TransferTo… split itself in two. Thunes is the b2b play that uses TransferTo's underlying technology."
SO011 Fintech Singapore Singapore-Based Thunes Raises US$60M in Series B Funding
SO012 Electronic Payments International Thunes completes Series C funding, raises $60m to accelerate growth "Since its Series B funding round in May 2021, Thunes has also acquired the European payment methods platform Limonetik."
SO013 FinTech Global Thunes scores $60m in Series B after 100% YoY growth
SO014 Finovate TransferTo Rebrands as DT One and Thunes "The cross-border payments business, which started in 2016, has branched off to operate independently from DT One and has been renamed to Thunes."
SO015 Mastercard Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream "Mastercard Move will facilitate near real-time payouts to stablecoin wallets via Thunes' Direct Global Network, harnessing the speed, liquidity, and 24/7 availability of regulated stablecoins."
SO016 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access its Network Via Existing Swift Connectivity "The new solution is designed to enable the 11,000 banks on the Swift network to send cross-border payments to over four billion bank accounts in more than 130 countries without requiring additional integration."
SO017 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple expand cross-border payments partnership "Thunes, through Thunes Financial Services, has secured 50 regulatory licences in the US. This will permit the company to directly offer its Pay and Accept suite to US-based businesses."
SO018 FinTech Futures Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-powered Liquidity Management Solution "The alliance empowers Members of Thunes' Direct Global Network to fund and execute cross-border transactions using USDC, enabling faster transfers in mere seconds, seven days a week."
SO019 The Paypers Thunes to purchase Tilia
SO020 FinTech Global Thunes launches real-time payments in Morocco "The expansion aims to address growing demand for fast, efficient cross-border payments into Morocco, one of Africa's top receiving countries."
SO021 Crowdfund Insider Fintechs Thunes And GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution "Thunes' Network connects directly to 'over 7 billion mobile wallets and bank accounts worldwide, as well as 15 billion cards via more than 320 different payment methods'."
SO022 Asset Servicing Times Thunes initiates global instant payouts in stablecoins "Backing USDC and USDT, Thunes provides real-time, 24/7 global payouts to stablecoin wallets, allowing clients such as financial institutions to transfer and receive payments instantly."
SO023 PYMNTS Thunes and Visa Expand Digital Wallet Partnership to Asia and Africa "research by PYMNTS Intelligence has found that just 23% of smaller businesses say that current cross-border payment solutions are 'very or extremely satisfactory'."
SO024 Finovate Thunes Raises $150 Million for US Expansion
SO025 Bessemer Venture Partners Thunes — Bessemer Portfolio
SO026 Thunes Thunes Direct Global Network — Homepage
SO027 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Circle partner — stablecoin payments
SO028 Fintech Singapore Singapore-Based Thunes Raises US$60M in Series B Funding
SO029 FinTech Global Thunes scores $60m in Series B after 100% YoY growth
SO030 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform
SO031 FinTech Global Thunes launches real-time payments in Morocco
SM001 Mordor Intelligence B2B Payments Market Size & Share Analysis — Growth Trends & Forecasts (2025–2031) "It is forecast to expand at a 15.48% CAGR between 2026 and 2031, reaching USD 3.43 trillion by the end of the period. Asia-Pacific is projected to grow at a 17.42% CAGR due to government-mandated real-time payment networks and rapid supply-chain digitization."
SM002 Allied Market Research Cross-Border Payments Market Research, 2034 "The global cross-border payment market was valued at $206.5 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $414.6 billion by 2034, growing at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2025 to 2034. By transaction type, B2B accounted for the largest share of the market."
SM003 Ripple Cross-Border Payments: Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions "Traditional cross border payments pass through 3-5 intermediaries, each taking a fee along the way. Payments solutions that leverage blockchain technology can reduce the number of hops required to move money from point A to point B."
SM004 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform "Thunes raised $150 million in a Series D funding round led by APIS Partners and Vitruvian Partners, with the company reporting $150 million in annual revenue run-rate and positive EBITDA."
SM005 Finextra Thunes raises $150 million in Series D "Thunes has raised $150 million in a Series D funding round. The Singapore-headquartered firm operates a global payments network spanning 130+ countries and 550+ direct integrations."
SM006 Thunes Thunes Raises USD 150 Million in Series D Led by APIS Partners and Vitruvian Partners "Thunes reaches over 7 billion mobile wallets and bank accounts and 15 billion Mastercard and Visa cards across more than 130 countries, 80 currencies, 550 direct integrations, and 320 payment methods. Thunes has reached USD 150 million in annual revenue and is EBITDA positive."
SM007 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access its Network via Existing SWIFT Connectivity "Thunes has launched SWIFT connectivity enabling banks to access its Direct Global Network via existing SWIFT infrastructure. According to Thunes' 'Money Without Borders' report, 65% of expatriates prioritize speed as the primary criterion for cross-border payment providers."
SM008 TechCrunch Thunes pockets $72M at a $900M valuation to expand its cross-border B2B payment platform "Thunes, a Singapore-based cross-border B2B payments startup, raised $72 million at a $900 million valuation in a Series C round to expand its cross-border payment platform."
SM009 Finovate Thunes Raises $150 Million for US Expansion "Thunes raised $150 million in new funding to accelerate its U.S. expansion and strengthen its cross-border payment network infrastructure globally."
SM010 BIS Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures Interlinking payment systems and the role of application programming interfaces: a framework for cross-border payments (CPMI Paper No. 215) "Fragmentation of payment systems across jurisdictions and the reliance on correspondent banking chains with multiple intermediaries remain the key structural barriers to efficient cross-border payments. ISO 20022 harmonisation is critical to enabling richer data exchange."
SM011 Mastercard Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream "Mastercard and Thunes are bringing stablecoin-powered payouts to 130+ markets through Thunes' Direct Global Network. Mastercard Move covers 200+ countries and territories, 150+ currencies, reaching 95% of the banked adult population globally."
SM012 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple partner to expand cross-border payments "Thunes has partnered with Ripple to enable Ripple Payments customers to access Thunes' Direct Global Network for fiat settlement in emerging markets."
SM013 Electronic Payments International Thunes taps Circle for stablecoin payments "Thunes is partnering with Circle to enable USDC-based funding for its Direct Global Network, allowing members to fund accounts 24/7 using stablecoins to reduce pre-funding cash requirements."
SM014 Fintech Futures Thunes and Circle to launch stablecoin-powered liquidity management solution "Thunes and Circle are launching a stablecoin-powered liquidity management solution allowing DGN members to use USDC for 24/7 liquidity funding, reducing working capital requirements for cross-border payment settlement."
SM015 Fintech Global Thunes launches real-time payments to Morocco "Thunes has launched real-time payment capability to Morocco, extending its Direct Global Network into the MENA region and adding a high-remittance corridor to its portfolio."
SM016 Crowdfund Insider Fintechs Thunes and GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution "Thunes and GCash have launched a cross-border digital wallet top-up solution. Europe sent $3.8 billion to the Philippines in 2024, driven by approximately 2 million Filipinos living in Europe."
SM017 TechCrunch Thunes integrates with Visa Direct's digital payments network "Thunes has integrated with Visa Direct, enabling push payments to debit card accounts in 99-plus countries via Visa's global network."
SM018 Capgemini World Payments Report 2026 "Non-cash transactions have grown approximately 10x in less than 20 years. PayTechs and other platform players are seizing market share from traditional banks in the global payments landscape."
SM019 McKinsey & Company The 2024 McKinsey Global Payments Report "Total global payment revenues reached $2.4 trillion in 2023. Cross-border flows continue to generate the highest per-transaction margins in the payments industry."
SM020 Thunes Thunes — About Us "Thunes is the Smart Payment Network for the world. Its Direct Global Network enables businesses to send and receive money across 130+ countries, 80 currencies, and 320+ payment methods."
SM021 SWIFT About SWIFT "Swift is fundamentally transforming the international payments and securities experience to deliver faster, frictionless transactions for financial institutions and their customers. Swift connects more than 11,000 financial institutions in more than 200 countries."
SM022 SWIFT ISO 20022 — Discover SWIFT "ISO 20022 is a universal financial industry message scheme that enables richer, structured payment data for cross-border transactions, improving AML screening, reconciliation, and straight-through processing rates."
SM023 McKinsey & Company Global Payments — Expansive Growth, Targeted Opportunities "Cross-border payments represent $130 trillion in flows and approximately $224 billion in revenues, growing at roughly 7% CAGR prior to 2019. Cross-border B2B flows account for the largest share."
SM024 FintechNews Singapore Singapore-based Thunes Raises US$60M in Series B Funding "Thunes has raised $60 million in a Series B round to expand its cross-border payment infrastructure in emerging markets, which are projected to generate $45 trillion in cross-border payment flows."
SM025 Fintech Global Thunes scores $60M in Series B after 100% YoY growth "Thunes recorded 100% year-on-year growth ahead of its $60M Series B, demonstrating strong traction in cross-border B2B payment infrastructure."
SM026 The Paypers Thunes to Acquire Tilia "Thunes has announced the acquisition of Tilia, a payments platform serving the gaming and virtual economy sector, extending Thunes' DGN into digital goods and virtual asset payment flows."
SM027 Thunes Thunes Direct Global Network "Thunes' Direct Global Network provides direct — not correspondent — connections to payment endpoints globally, eliminating multi-hop chains and enabling real-time or near-real-time settlement across 130+ countries."
SM028 PYMNTS Thunes' Competitors in Cross-Border Payments "Thunes faces competition from a wide range of established players including Visa, Mastercard, SWIFT, and bank consortia, all investing in cross-border payment infrastructure modernization. The competitive intensity in the B2B cross-border segment is increasing."
SP001 Thunes (TTMFS Singapore Pte Ltd) Thunes – The Smart Superhighway to Move Money Around the World "Send payments instantly, to 4B mobile and stablecoin wallets, 8B bank accounts and 15B cards across 140 countries. Accept payments via preferred local methods."
SP002 TechCrunch Thunes Pockets $72M at a $900M Valuation to Expand its Cross-Border B2B Payment Platform "Thunes currently has 3 billion mobile wallet accounts... plus another 4 billion bank accounts connected through its network of partners... In all, Thunes currently covers some 300 payment methods across 80 currencies and allows payments out in 132 countries."
SP003 Finextra Research Thunes Raises $150 Million in Series D "Floris de Kort, CEO of Thunes, states: 'our performance, marked by a revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive Ebida, demonstrates our ability to balance rapid expansion with financial prudence.'"
SP004 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform "Thunes plans to utilise the fresh capital to supercharge its expansion in the United States, supported by the recent acquisition of licenses across 50 US States."
SP005 Airwallex About Airwallex – Building the Future of Global Banking "$235b+ in global payments processed annually (USD) by Airwallex. 120+ countries to which you can make local transfers. 93% of transfers are settled same day, 50% processed instantly."
SP006 Wise Payments Limited Wise Platform – Next-Generation Payment Solutions for Banks and Enterprises "We move £181BN+ of global FX volumes – and growing... With 80 licences globally, our robust mix of innovative technology and local regulatory expertise works to keep your money secure."
SP007 Ripple Labs Inc. Ripple Solutions – Cross-Border Payments Platform "Ripple Payments offers a suite of composable components and complete end-to-end solutions for handling transactions in fiat and stablecoins... Active Licenses and MTLs: 75+."
SP008 Ripple Labs Inc. RippleNet – Global Payments Network "Together we've eliminated pre-funding requirements for partners in more than 20 countries."
SP009 SWIFT Swift GPI – Shaping the Future of Cross-Border Payments "Swift GPI is shaping the future of cross-border payments. A community of thousands of financial institutions are already leveraging Swift GPI to deliver cross-border transactions that are near real time, transparent, cost effective, and secure."
SP010 Nium Pte. Ltd. Nium Platform – Global Payments Infrastructure "The leader in real-time global payments. Accelerate global business growth with Nium's payment infrastructure allowing you to collect, convert, and disburse funds instantly to accounts, cards, and wallets around the world."
SP011 TerraPay TerraPay – About Us "We simplify complex banking processes with 31 regulatory approvals and licences. AML/CFT policies and programs subject to independent external audit in every jurisdiction of operations."
SP012 Mastercard Incorporated Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream "Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream."
SP013 Finextra Research Thunes Partners with Ripple for Cross-Border Payments "Thunes partners with Ripple for cross-border payments."
SP014 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple Partner for Cross-Border Payments "Thunes and Ripple partner for cross-border payments, expanding stablecoin-enabled B2B corridors."
SP015 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Circle Partner for Stablecoin Cross-Border Payments "Thunes and Circle partner to enable USDC-powered cross-border stablecoin payments."
SP016 Finextra Research Thunes Connects to SWIFT "Thunes connects to SWIFT, enabling banks to access the Thunes network via existing SWIFT connectivity."
SP017 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform "Thunes has raised $150 million in its Series D funding round to expand its cross-border payments platform."
SP018 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access Its Network via Existing SWIFT Connectivity "Thunes enables banks to access its Direct Global Network via existing SWIFT connectivity, removing the need for separate API integration."
SP019 Fintech Global Thunes Launches Real-Time Payments to Morocco "Thunes launches real-time payments to Morocco, expanding its Direct Global Network in North Africa."
SP020 Currencycloud (Visa) Currencycloud – Company Overview "We've now processed more than $75 billion in payments, and have transferred payments to more than 180 countries around the world."
SP021 Crowdfund Insider Fintechs Thunes and GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution "Thunes and GCash introduce a cross-border digital wallet top-up solution, enabling remittance recipients in the Philippines to receive funds directly into their GCash wallet."
SP022 Rapyd Financial Network Rapyd Platform – Embedded Fintech for Payments and Finance "Accept payments, send payouts, issue cards and manage multi-currency accounts on one platform. Everything you need to pay, get paid and settle in stablecoins. All from one provider."
SP023 Fintech Futures Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-Powered Liquidity Management Solution "Thunes and Circle to launch stablecoin-powered liquidity management solution, enabling USDC-based settlement across the Direct Global Network."
SP024 Tracxn Technologies Thunes Company Profile – Cross-Border B2B Payments "Thunes is a Singapore-based B2B cross-border payments network operator founded in 2016."
SP025 Fintech News Singapore Thunes – Singapore Fintech News Coverage "Thunes is one of Singapore's leading B2B cross-border payment network operators, connecting businesses to mobile wallets, bank accounts, and payment networks globally."
SP026 Western Union Company Western Union – About Us "Western Union is a leading cross-border payment and financial services company, providing global money transfer and payment services across 200+ countries and territories."
SI001 Thunes (official newsroom) Thunes Raises USD 150 Million in Series D Led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners Our performance, marked by a Revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive EBITDA, demonstrates our ability to balance rapid expansion with financial prudence, even in a tumultuous market. — Floris de Kort, CEO of Thunes
SI002 Thunes via Business Wire Thunes Raises $150 Million in Series D Funding Thunes, the Smart Superhighway to move money around the world, is proud to announce the successful raise of its $150 million Series D, the largest in its history, at a substantial valuation increase over its last round.
SI003 Finextra Research Thunes Raises $150 Million in Series D De Kort declined to reveal detailed figures but says that the current funding round represents a "substantial valuation increase." Our performance, marked by a revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive EBITDA, demonstrates our ability to balance rapid expansion with financial prudence.
SI004 Finovate Thunes Raises $150 Million for US Expansion The company''s impressive growth record and positive EBITDA performance, even in these unprecedented times, clearly underpin the trust of its Members and their ability to scale effectively. — Matteo Stefanel, Managing Partner, Apis Partners
SI005 TechCrunch Thunes Pockets $72M at a $900M+ Valuation to Expand Its Cross-Border B2B Payment Platform Thunes has raised $72 million with a valuation of over $900 million. To date Thunes has processed more than $50 billion in transactions. The valuation previously had been just over $794 million before this round, according to data from PitchBook.
SI006 TechCrunch Thunes Raises $60 Million for Cross-Border Payments in Emerging Markets The company makes revenue by charging a fixed transaction fee between two cents to $2, depending on the destination country. If there is a currency exchange involved, it charges a small markup on the exchange rate, using mid-market rates for reference.
SI007 TechCrunch Thunes Raises $10M to Make Financial Services More Accessible in Emerging Markets Thunes reached $3 billion in payment volumes over the last 12 months [at Series A close]. Goal for the year is double that to $6 billion. — Peter De Caluwe, Executive Chairman
SI008 FinTech Global Thunes Scores $60M in Series B After 100% YoY Growth Singapore-based Thunes bagged $60m in its Series B after a 100% year-over-year growth rate. The round was led by Insight Partners; Thunes has established a cross-border payments network with real-time transactions in over 100 countries.
SI009 Fintech News Singapore Singapore-Based Thunes Raises US$60M in Series B Funding Thunes, Singapore-based cross-border payments company, has raised $60M in Series B funding led by Helios Investment Partners with participation from Checkout.com and GGV Capital.
SI010 Wikipedia Thunes — Wikipedia Thunes has received investment from Apis Partners, Vitruvian Partners, Marshall Wace, Bessemer Venture Partners, Helios Investment Partners, Checkout.com, and GGV Capital. It obtained money transmitter licenses in all 50 US states.
SI011 Thunes Thunes — Official Homepage Send payments instantly to 4B mobile and stablecoin wallets, 8B bank accounts and 15B cards across 140 countries. We are licensed in 50 markets and PCI DSS and ISO27001 compliant. 100% transparency on pricing and FX fees.
SI012 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform Thunes'' Direct Global Network currently enables real-time payments across more than 130 countries, 80 currencies and 550 direct integrations. It makes diverse payments systems interoperable.
SI013 His Majesty''s Companies Registry (UK Companies House) Thunes — UK Companies House Search Search for "thunes" on UK Companies House returned THUNES INVEST LIMITED (company number 06941713, dissolved 3 February 2015); no active Thunes fintech/payments entity found under the name "Thunes" — UK operations likely registered under a subsidiary name.
SI014 Monetary Authority of Singapore MAS — Regulation of Payment Services MAS regulates payment service providers under the Payment Services Act, requiring major payment institutions to meet minimum liquid asset holdings and capital adequacy requirements to protect customers and ensure systemic stability.
SI015 Mastercard (official newsroom) Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream Through this strategic collaboration, Mastercard Move will facilitate near real-time payouts to stablecoin wallets via Thunes'' Direct Global Network, harnessing the speed, liquidity, and 24/7 availability of regulated stablecoins.
SI016 ACRA (Singapore Government) ACRA — Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority of Singapore ACRA is the national regulator of business entities and public accountants in Singapore; all registered companies must lodge annual financial statements with ACRA accessible via BizFile+.
SI017 Electronic Payments International Thunes Completes Series C Funding Round, Raises Over $60M Thunes completes Series C funding round with $60M first close. The company holds payment institution licences in Singapore, UK, France, Hong Kong, and is authorized as a Major Payment Institution by MAS.
SI018 Finextra Research Thunes Connects to SWIFT Banks can now access Thunes'' Direct Global Network via existing SWIFT connectivity, enabling financial institutions to reach Thunes'' 140-country payment network without a new API integration.
SI019 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access Its Network via Existing SWIFT Connectivity Thunes has launched SWIFT connectivity for banks to access its Direct Global Network, positioning itself as a key infrastructure layer for institutional cross-border payments.
SI020 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple Expand Cross-Border Payments Partnership Thunes and Ripple have expanded their cross-border payments cooperation, enabling RippleNet users to access Thunes' Direct Global Network for real-time payout delivery across emerging markets.
SI021 FinTech Futures Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-Powered Liquidity Management Solution Thunes and Circle will launch a stablecoin-powered liquidity management solution, enabling DGN members to fund and execute cross-border transactions using USDC via Thunes'' SmartX Treasury product.
SI022 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Circle Partner to Ease Cross-Border Payments with Stablecoin Thunes partners with Circle to support stablecoin transactions, enabling DGN members to use USDC for cross-border settlement — an early signal of the company''s digital-asset revenue strategy.
SI023 The Paypers Thunes to Acquire Tilia Thunes has announced the acquisition of Tilia, a US-based payments infrastructure company formerly a subsidiary of Linden Lab, strengthening its global payments capabilities in digital economies and gaming.
SI024 Crowdfund Insider Thunes and GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution Thunes and GCash have introduced a cross-border digital wallet top-up solution, enabling international remittances directly into GCash wallets, covering a significant portion of the Philippine diaspora market.
SI025 PYMNTS Thunes and Its Competitors in Cross-Border Payments Thunes faces intensifying competition in the cross-border payments infrastructure space from well-funded peers including Nium, Airwallex, and Wise Platform, as well as from strategic partners like Visa Direct and Mastercard Move who are expanding their own network capabilities — compressing take rates across the market.
SI026 Finextra Research Thunes Partners with Mastercard for Stablecoin Payouts Thunes has partnered with Mastercard to enable stablecoin payouts via its Direct Global Network, extending Mastercard Move''s reach into stablecoin wallet endpoints.
SI027 Tracxn Thunes — Tracxn Company Profile Tracxn company profile for Thunes showing funding rounds, investors (Apis Partners, Vitruvian Partners, Marshall Wace, Bessemer Venture Partners, Helios Investment Partners, Checkout.com, GGV Capital) and estimated funding total across rounds.
SI028 The Asset Thunes Raises $150M in Series D Thunes has raised $150 million in a Series D round led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners, marking the Singapore-headquartered payment infrastructure company''s largest fundraise to date.
SI029 Thunes Thunes Direct Global Network The Direct Global Network connects 720+ members across 140 countries through a single API integration, offering real-time payments to over 7 billion endpoints with 85% immediate settlement.
SI030 FinTech Global Thunes Launches Real-Time Payments to Morocco Thunes has launched real-time payment capabilities to Morocco, extending its Direct Global Network into a key North African remittance corridor and adding a new market to its 140-country footprint.
SI031 Apis Partners Our Portfolio — Apis Partners Thunes operates a global network that connects banks, payment service providers, merchants and mobile wallet operators to enable cross-border payments — listed as a current portfolio investment of Apis Partners (Fund III).
SI032 Growjo Thunes Company Profile — Growjo Total Funding $353M; Number of Employees 579; Revenue (est) $100.4M; Employee Growth 22%; Valuation $900M — Thunes company profile data sourced and modelled by Growjo from public web signals.
SE001 Thunes Thunes — The Smart Superhighway to Move Money Around the World "Licensed in 50 markets, PCI DSS and ISO27001 compliant. 140 Countries | 90 Currencies | 220 Payment methods | 720 Network Members | 85% Immediate settlement | 145 Mobile wallet brands."
SE002 Thunes About Us — The Global Payment Infrastructure | Thunes "Guy Duncan — Chief Product and Technology Officer (prev. CTO Tide, OVO Energy, BMW digital transformation)."
SE003 Thunes Direct Global Network — Thunes "4 billion Mobile and Stablecoin wallets · 8 billion bank accounts · 15 billion cards · 220 payment methods · 140 countries · 90 currencies · 85% settled immediately · 99.99% platform uptime · 98% quality of service success rate."
SE004 Thunes Developer Portal Thunes — API Documentation "Money Transfer APIs — primary gateway to facilitate money transfers through Thunes' platform. Collection APIs — connect and access various payment methods."
SE005 Thunes Solutions — Thunes "The 3 Pillars of Global Payments: Direct Global Network, SmartX Treasury, Fortress Compliance. Industries: Banks and Neobanks, Mobile Wallets, PSPs, Gig Economy, MTOs, Digital Asset Companies, E-commerce, Payroll and EOR."
SE006 Thunes Pay-to-Mobile-Wallets — Thunes "Connect via API to enable payments to 145 mobile wallet brands and 4 billion mobile and stablecoin wallet accounts worldwide. 98% of transactions settled instantly."
SE007 Thunes Pay-to-Banks and Neobanks — Thunes "Access 8 billion bank accounts in over 140 countries, including real-time systems in 60 countries. Up to 10x cheaper than typical bank transfers; no intermediaries."
SE008 Thunes Pay-to-Cards — Thunes "Access 15 billion+ cards across major networks like Mastercard, Visa, and UnionPay. Designed for Security — PCI-DSS compliance, tokenization and encryption."
SE009 Thunes Pay-to-Stablecoin-Wallets — Thunes "USDC or USDT to 140+ countries — covers over 80% of stablecoin payouts. 24/7 availability — bypass banking hours; near-instant settlement."
SE010 Thunes Business Payments — Thunes "One partnership gives access to local ACHs in 50+ countries, 30+ currencies, and USD wire transfers to 170+ countries. No intermediaries."
SE011 Thunes Compliance and Regulation | Thunes "USA: Money Transmitter Licenses held in 50 states. UK: Authorised Payment Institution by FCA. Singapore: Major Payment Institution by MAS. Funds kept fully separate in dedicated safeguarding accounts."
SE012 Thunes Thunes Raises USD 150 Million in Series D Funding Round "Revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive EBITDA. This new capital enables us to extend our Direct Global Network, including in the United States, drive technological innovation, from Artificial Intelligence to digital asset ecosystem interoperability."
SE013 Mastercard Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream "Mastercard Move will facilitate near real-time payouts to stablecoin wallets via Thunes' Direct Global Network. Mastercard Move already enables transfers in 150 currencies to over 10 billion endpoints."
SE014 Thunes Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-Powered Liquidity Management Solution "The alliance empowers Members of Thunes' Direct Global Network to fund and execute cross-border transactions using USDC, enabling faster transfers in mere seconds, seven days a week."
SE015 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access its Network Via Existing Swift Connectivity "The new solution enables the 11,000 banks on the Swift network to send cross-border payments to over four billion bank accounts in more than 130 countries without requiring additional integration."
SE016 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple Expand Cross-Border Payments Partnership "Thunes is also incorporating Ripple Payments into its SmartX Treasury System. By combining Thunes' extensive Direct Global Network with Ripple's digital asset infrastructure, we are enhancing payment speed, accessibility, and compliance."
SE017 Fintech Global Thunes Launches Real-Time Payments in Morocco "Thunes removes intermediaries by integrating directly with the Moroccan banking network, resulting in faster, cheaper, and more transparent transfers vs. legacy systems."
SE018 CrowdFund Insider Thunes and GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution "Members include Uber, Deliveroo, Grab, WeChat, MTOs, fintechs, PSPs, and banks. Thunes' network connects to 7B+ mobile wallets and bank accounts worldwide."
SE019 Fintech Futures Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-powered Liquidity Management Solution "CEO Floris de Kort: 'Settlements made with stablecoins provide exactly these four things [accessibility, speed, safety, cost-effectiveness]. Working with Circle will provide real-time, 24/7 funding for our Members.'"
SE020 The Paypers Thunes to Acquire Tilia "Tilia, which is licensed in 48 US states and territories, provides payment solutions for online games and virtual worlds. Thunes will deliver Visa, Mastercard, American Express, JCB, and UnionPay acceptance to its customers."
SE021 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform "Thunes' Direct Global Network currently enables real-time payments across more than 130 countries, 80 currencies and 550 direct integrations. In October, Thunes launched a partnership with stablecoin issuer Circle."
SE022 Wikipedia Thunes — Wikipedia "In 2021, Thunes acquired Limonetik. In April 2022, Thunes acquired a majority stake in Singapore-based Tookitaki. In June 2025, announced acquisition of Tilia."
SE023 TechCrunch Thunes Pockets $72M at a $900M+ Valuation to Expand Its Cross-Border B2B Payment Platform "The platform has grown to 3 billion mobile wallet accounts, plus 4 billion bank accounts. To date it has processed more than $50 billion in transactions."
SE024 Stack Exchange Stack Overflow — Questions Tagged 'thunes' "items: [], has_more: false — zero public Stack Overflow questions tagged 'thunes', confirming Thunes operates a gated developer engagement model rather than a self-service community-driven developer experience."
SE025 Thunes Thunes Expands Its Leadership to Accelerate Growth "Floris de Kort appointed CEO; Peter De Caluwe promoted to Deputy Chairman. Thunes has built a unique, in-house network for global, instant and cost-efficient money movement."
SE026 Thunes Accept Mobile Wallets — Thunes "Gain direct access to over 145 Mobile Wallet brands worldwide through a single API Integration. Settlement in 36+ currencies. Standard plugins for Magento and Mirakl."
SU001 Thunes Customer Case Studies — Thunes Case Study Library Thunes' case studies library lists GCash, nsave, PayQuicker, Pomelo, Paydek, UNFCU, and Flip as named client case studies — providing the starting point for all customer proof research in this chapter.
SU002 Thunes GCash X Thunes — Cross-Border Payments Case Study GCash is the Philippines' leading finance super app, with 8 out of 10 Filipinos relying on it to manage their financial lives. GCash partnered with Thunes to enable Filipinos in the UK and Europe to instantly and affordably top up GCash wallets directly from their foreign bank accounts.
SU003 Thunes nsave X Thunes — How Thunes Helped nsave Scale Global Payouts In less than two months since going live, the collaboration delivered remarkable results: a fourfold increase in payout volumes and over 50% faster payment processing times, unlocking faster, more affordable transfers to key markets.
SU004 Thunes PayQuicker Teams Up with Thunes on Digital Wallets Thunes and PayQuicker collaborated to offer payouts to a variety of digital wallets. The integration process was streamlined with rapid onboarding using Thunes' Money Transfer API. Once the setup was completed, PayQuicker piloted the new capability and launched it within a few months.
SU005 Thunes Flip X Thunes — Enhanced Cross-Border Payments for Indonesian Users Flip is a leading Indonesian payment platform that serves more than 10 million users with a broad range of financial solutions. Through this collaboration, Thunes allowed Flip to further expand its payment options for customers making cross-border transfers.
SU006 Thunes Paydek X Thunes — Local Currency Transactions for Cross-Border Clients The partnership brought about a global collaboration, enabling Paydek to process 14 local currency transactions on behalf of their clients.
SU007 Thunes UNFCU X Thunes — Financial Peace of Mind for the UN Community The United Nations Federal Credit Union serves the financial needs of more than 180,000 members of the UN community worldwide. UNFCU partnered with Thunes to provide mobile money transfers for its members in emerging markets.
SU008 Thunes Thunes X Pomelo — GCash Wallet Payouts for Filipino Diaspora Pomelo and Thunes partnered to enable payouts to GCash wallets and improve the utility of its payment solution. Pomelo's CEO and Founder Eric Velasquez Frenkiel established Pomelo after experiencing frustrations transferring money to his family in the Philippines.
SU009 Thunes Thunes Homepage — Network Statistics, May 2026 Thunes homepage reports: 140 Countries, 90 Currencies, 220 Payment methods, 720 Network Members, 85% Immediate settlement, 145 Mobile wallet brands.
SU010 Thunes About Us — Thunes Mission, Leadership, and Customer Segments Thunes serves: Banks and Neobanks, Mobile Wallets, Payment Service Providers, Gig Economy Platforms, Money Transfer Operators, Digital Asset Companies, E-commerce, and Payroll and EOR — covering eight industry verticals.
SU011 Thunes Thunes Expands Its Leadership to Accelerate Growth — Newsroom Thunes facilitates payments in more than 80 currencies across 130+ countries, using local payment methods, including 120 mobile wallets like PayPal, M-Pesa and Airtel, for gig economy giants like Uber and Deliveroo, super-apps like Grab and WeChat, IMTOs, Fintechs, PSPs and banks.
SU012 Thunes Thunes Industries — Money Transfer Operators Join leaders like Remitly, Western Union and Ria in delivering a faster and more secure way to send money home — confirming Thunes' named MTO client relationships.
SU013 Thunes Thunes Industries — Gig Economy Platforms Thunes gig economy page confirms the platform powers worker payouts for leading gig economy platforms including Uber and Deliveroo across 140+ countries.
SU014 Thunes Thunes Industries — Payment Service Providers Join leaders like Commercial Bank of Dubai and Revolut in delivering a more cost-effective and predictable way for businesses to trade globally.
SU015 Thunes Thunes Industries — Mobile Wallets Join leaders like KappaPay, Commercial Bank of Dubai and Revolut in helping customers settle supplier invoices or manage global operations — confirming these as named wallet/PSP clients.
SU016 Thunes Thunes Industries — E-Commerce Thunes e-commerce page confirms the platform helps digital merchants accept 220+ local payment methods globally — a separate client segment from Thunes' B2B pay-out infrastructure.
SU017 Thunes Thunes Industries — Digital Asset Companies Thunes offers digital asset companies account top-ups via local payment options, last-mile payouts to bank accounts or wallets in 40+ countries, and stablecoin liquidity management using USDC.
SU018 CrowdFund Insider Fintechs Thunes and GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution Thunes' Direct Global Network allows Members to make payments in real-time in over 130 countries and more than 80 currencies. Members of Thunes' Direct Global Network include gig economy firms such as Uber and Deliveroo, super-apps like Grab and WeChat, MTOs, fintechs, PSPs and banks.
SU019 Mastercard Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream Mastercard Move will facilitate near real-time payouts to stablecoin wallets via Thunes' Direct Global Network. Pratik Khowala, Global Head of Transfer Solutions at Mastercard, confirmed this collaboration adds stablecoin wallets as a new endpoint to Mastercard Move's 150+ currencies and 10 billion+ endpoints.
SU020 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access its Network Via Existing Swift Connectivity Payments company Thunes launched a Pay-to-Banks solution that allows the 11,000 banks on the Swift network to send cross-border payments to over four billion bank accounts in more than 130 countries without requiring additional integration.
SU021 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple Expand Cross-Border Payments Partnership Singapore-based Thunes and Ripple have expanded their collaboration to transform the global cross-border payments landscape. The enhanced partnership builds upon the foundation laid in 2020, with the goal of providing improved payout experience and expanding reach in key markets.
SU022 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Circle Partner to Ease Cross-Border Payments with Stablecoin Thunes has teamed up with stablecoin issuer Circle for faster cross-border transactions. Circle co-founder and CEO Jeremy Allaire said: Circle's collaboration with Thunes demonstrates the transformative power of digital dollars to enable secure, transparent money movement at the speed of the internet.
SU023 TechCrunch Thunes Integrates with Visa Direct's Digital Payments Network Customers of its payments infrastructure include Uber Eats, Grab, MoneyGram, Remitly and Western Union, and it currently processes more than 180 million transactions a year across 130 countries. Thunes was adding more than 1.5 billion new endpoints to Visa Direct's digital payments network.
SU024 TechCrunch Thunes Pockets $72M at a $900M+ Valuation to Expand its Cross-Border B2B Payment Platform Thunes currently has 3 billion mobile wallet accounts, plus another 4 billion bank accounts connected through its network of partners, which include the likes of M-Pesa in Kenya, WeChat across Asia, Uber, PayPal, MoneyGram, Remitly and many more.
SU025 Fintech Global Thunes Scores $60M in Series B after 100% YoY Growth Thunes' network includes Grab, PayPal, M-Pesa, Commercial Bank of Dubai, Western Union, Remitly and more. The company had 100% year-over-year growth in 2020, validating the early platform adoption trajectory.
SU026 Fintech Global Thunes Launches Real-Time Payments in Morocco Thunes announced the launch of its real-time payment services in Morocco. The expansion aims to address growing demand for fast, efficient cross-border payments into Morocco, one of Africa's top receiving countries. This demonstrates Thunes' strategy of expanding the DGN into new corridors — adding client value without new client acquisition.
SU027 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform Thunes' Direct Global Network currently enables real-time payments across more than 130 countries, 80 currencies and 550 direct integrations. Thunes said in January that it added PayPal's Hyperwallet to its Direct Global Network.
SU028 PYMNTS Thunes and Visa Expand Digital Wallet Partnership to Asia and Africa PYMNTS Intelligence research found that just 23% of smaller businesses say that current cross-border payment solutions are very or extremely satisfactory — highlighting the persistent industry-wide dissatisfaction that cross-border payment infrastructure providers including Thunes must overcome to retain and grow their SMB client base.
SU029 African Business Thunes and Ecobank Group to Power Africa's Instant Payments for the Next Billion Users Ecobank Group, which operates in 32 countries across the continent, will gradually roll out the partnership in phases. Togo is the first country to benefit: Ecobank customers can now receive instant payments from global remittance providers. Jeremy Awori, CEO of Ecobank Group, confirmed this as a strategic expansion aligned with Ecobank's mission.
SU030 The Fintech Times PayPal's Hyperwallet Joins Thunes Global Network, Enabling Customers to Send Money to Asia Pacific Hyperwallet, a global payout service from PayPal, has become the newest member of the Direct Global Network built by Thunes. By joining the Thunes network, Hyperwallet can enable its customers to send money in real-time to over 450 million mobile wallets and bank accounts in the Asia Pacific region across six countries.
SU031 Finextra Thunes Raises $150 Million in Series D Thunes CEO Floris de Kort states: Thunes' latest funding round is a clear validation of our strategy. Our performance, marked by a revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive EBITDA, demonstrates our ability to balance rapid expansion with financial prudence, even in a tumultuous market.
SU032 Fintech Singapore Singapore-Based Thunes Raises US$60M in Series B Funding Thunes connects different payment players in more than 100 countries, allowing them to tap into a large partner network in emerging markets. The CEO projected transaction volumes to double annually through network expansion.
SU033 Asset Servicing Times Thunes Initiates Global Instant Payouts in Stablecoins Thunes unveiled a pay-to-stablecoin-wallet as part of its single global API to facilitate immediate payouts across over 130 countries in both fiat and stablecoins, backing USDC and USDT. This opens a new client category: financial institutions and digital asset firms needing 24/7 stablecoin payout rails.
SU034 Wikipedia Thunes — Wikipedia Thunes has also announced partnerships with Mastercard, Circle, Visa and PayPal. In October 2025, it partnered with Ecobank, pan-African banking conglomerate — confirming the breadth of strategic network partner relationships.
SU035 Finovate Thunes Raises $150 Million for US Expansion Thunes will use today's funds to fuel its US expansion. The company plans to position itself against competitors like Wise and Airwallex. Unlike traditional cross-border payments providers that rely on correspondent banking networks, Thunes offers a direct, proprietary global network.
SR001 Thunes Thunes Raises USD 150 Million in Series D Funding Round Our performance, marked by a Revenue run-rate of $150 million and positive EBITDA, demonstrates our ability to balance rapid expansion with financial prudence.
SR002 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform
SR003 Finextra Thunes raises $150 million in Series D Thunes plans to utilise the fresh capital to supercharge its expansion in the United States, supported by the recent acquisition of licenses across 50 US States, subject to regulatory approval.
SR004 Finovate Thunes Raises $150 Million for US Expansion
SR005 Wikipedia Thunes
SR006 TechCrunch Thunes pockets $72M at a $900M+ valuation to expand its cross-border, B2B payment platform
SR007 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Ripple expand cross-border payments partnership Through Thunes Financial Services, has secured 50 regulatory licences in the US.
SR008 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Circle partner to ease cross-border payments with stablecoin
SR009 FinTech Futures Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-powered Liquidity Management Solution
SR010 Asset Servicing Times Thunes initiates global instant payouts in stablecoins
SR011 Mastercard Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream
SR012 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access its Network Via Existing Swift Connectivity
SR013 Crowdfund Insider Fintechs Thunes And GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution
SR014 Thunes Thunes expands its leadership to accelerate growth Floris de Kort appointed CEO. Peter De Caluwe promoted to Deputy Chairman focusing on strategy, M&A and further expansion into key markets.
SR015 Electronic Payments International Thunes completes Series C funding, raises $60m to accelerate growth
SR016 Financial Conduct Authority Financial Services Register The Financial Services Register is the FCA's public record of all regulated firms and individuals.
SR017 Monetary Authority of Singapore Payment Services
SR018 Financial Action Task Force The FATF Recommendations FATF 40 Recommendations define the international framework for AML/CFT compliance that all jurisdictions are expected to implement.
SR019 European Banking Authority Payment services and electronic money — Opinion on the end of the No-action Letter transition period EBA opinion outlining supervisory priorities for national authorities as the transition period under its No-Action Letter on PSD2 and MiCA interplay ends on 2 March 2026.
SR020 Bank for International Settlements — CPMI CPMI Cross-border payments programme
SR021 Fintech News Singapore Singapore-Based Thunes Raises US$60M in Series B Funding
SR022 FinTech Global Thunes scores $60m in Series B after 100% YoY growth
SR023 TechCrunch Thunes integrates with Visa Direct's digital payments network
SR024 PYMNTS Thunes and Visa Expand Digital Wallet Partnership to Asia and Africa
SR025 FinTech Global Thunes launches real-time payments in Morocco
SR026 The Paypers Thunes to purchase Tilia
SR027 TechCrunch Thunes raises $10M to make financial services more accessible in emerging markets
SR028 NMLS Consumer Access Consumer Access — Nationwide Multistate Licensing System
SR029 Bank for International Settlements The crypto ecosystem — key elements and risks The crypto ecosystem is characterised by congestion and high fees, which lead to fragmentation. Despite an original ethos of decentralisation, crypto and DeFi often feature substantial de-facto centralisation, which introduces various risks.
SR030 Fintech.global Thunes scores $60m Series B after achieving 100% YoY growth
SR031 European Union — EUR-Lex Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council on markets in crypto-assets (MiCA) MiCA Regulation establishes requirements for e-money token issuers and asset-referenced token issuers operating in the European Union, including authorisation and ongoing compliance obligations.
SR032 Hong Kong Monetary Authority Licensing of Money Service Operators
SR033 California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation Money Transmission — DFPI The California DFPI administers the Money Transmission Act and licenses money transmission businesses operating in California, with requirements including surety bonds, net worth minimums, and ongoing examination obligations.
SV001 Thunes Thunes Completes $150 Million Series D Funding Round Thunes has completed a $150 million Series D funding round. CEO Floris de Kort confirmed the company is EBITDA positive with a revenue run-rate of approximately $150 million, and that the Series D represents a substantial valuation increase over the Series C.
SV002 TechCrunch Thunes pockets $72M at a $900M+ valuation to expand its cross-border B2B payment platform Thunes has raised $72M at a $900M+ valuation in a Series C round led by Marshall Wace.
SV003 Finextra Thunes raises $150m Series D Floris de Kort, CEO, declined to reveal detailed financial figures around the fundraise, including the post-money valuation of the company.
SV004 PYMNTS Thunes Raises $150 Million to Expand Cross-Border Payments Platform Thunes raised $150 million in a Series D funding round to expand its cross-border payments platform and global network.
SV005 Finovate Thunes Raises $150M in Series D Funding The Series D was led by Apis Partners and Vitruvian Partners.
SV006 Wikipedia Thunes — Wikipedia Thunes is a cross-border payments company headquartered in Singapore. It was formerly known as TransferTo before rebranding in 2019.
SV007 TechCrunch Thunes raises $60M Series B Thunes raised $60M in a Series B round from investors including GIC, Western Union Ventures, and IFC (International Finance Corporation).
SV008 TechCrunch Thunes raises $10M Series A Thunes raised $10M in a Series A funding round to expand its cross-border payments network.
SV009 IBS Intelligence Thunes and Swift power banks to facilitate mobile wallet payments Floris de Kort, CEO of Thunes: "Opening our Thunes' Direct Global Network Membership to the banking community perfectly aligns with our mission to make the global economy accessible to all."
SV010 Grand View Research Cross-Border Payments Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report The global cross-border payments market size was estimated at $212.55 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.1% to reach $320.73 billion by 2030. B2B payments account for approximately 72.6% of the total market.
SV011 FXC Intelligence FXC Intelligence — Cross-Border Payments Intelligence FXC Intelligence provides specialist analyst research and data on cross-border payments, covering competitive dynamics, pricing, and market share across corridors.
SV012 Mastercard Mastercard and Thunes Bring Stablecoin Payouts to the Mainstream Mastercard and Thunes are partnering to bring stablecoin payouts to mainstream cross-border payments infrastructure.
SV013 Fintech Futures Thunes and Circle to Launch Stablecoin-powered Liquidity Management Solution Floris de Kort, Thunes' CEO said: "At Thunes, we are constantly innovating to ensure our Direct Global Network is accessible, fast, safe, and cost-effective. Settlements made with stablecoins provide exactly these four things."
SV014 Electronic Payments International Thunes and Circle partner to ease cross-border payments with stablecoin Thunes has teamed up with stablecoin issuer Circle for faster cross-border transactions, enabling Direct Global Network members to fund and execute cross-border payments using USDC.
SV015 Crowdfund Insider Fintechs Thunes and GCash Introduce Cross-Border Digital Wallet Top-Up Solution Thunes and GCash introduced a cross-border digital wallet top-up solution for the Philippine market.
SV016 Fintech Global Thunes launches real-time payments to Morocco Thunes launched real-time payment capabilities to Morocco, expanding its African corridor coverage.
SV017 Asset Servicing Times Thunes joins Ripple Payments to expand cross-border network Thunes joined Ripple Payments to expand its cross-border network, integrating with Ripple's global payments infrastructure.
SV018 SEC EDGAR Remitly Global Inc — SEC EDGAR Annual Reports (10-K) Remitly's annual SEC 10-K filing provides audited revenue, competitive landscape disclosures, and regulatory risk disclosures for the consumer cross-border payments segment.
SV019 SEC EDGAR dLocal Limited — SEC EDGAR Annual Reports (20-F) dLocal's 20-F filings provide audited revenue, EBITDA, and competitive landscape disclosures for the emerging-market B2B cross-border payments segment.
SV020 dLocal dLocal Investor Relations dLocal investor relations provides access to quarterly earnings, SEC filings, and investor presentations for the emerging-market cross-border payments network.
SV021 Visa Visa Completes Acquisition of Currencycloud Visa completed the acquisition of Currencycloud for approximately $925 million, establishing a strategic M&A precedent for B2B cross-border payments infrastructure.
SV022 Fintech News Singapore Thunes Raises $60M Series B from GIC, Western Union Ventures and IFC Thunes raised $60 million in a Series B from GIC, Western Union Ventures, and IFC to expand its cross-border payments network.
SV023 Fintech Global Thunes Reports 100% YoY Growth Following Series B Thunes reported approximately 100% year-on-year growth following its Series B round, reflecting strong demand for its cross-border B2B network.
SV024 Finovate From TransferTo to Thunes: How a Rebrand Helped This Cross-Border Payments Company Refocus Thunes rebranded from TransferTo to Thunes in 2019, marking a strategic refocus from a transfer operator model to a B2B cross-border payments infrastructure play.
SV025 The Fintech Times Thunes Enables Banks to Access its Network Via Existing Swift Connectivity Thunes launched a Pay-to-Banks solution that allows financial institutions to connect to its network using their existing Swift connectivity, targeting the 11,000 banks on the Swift network.
SV026 Electronic Payments International Thunes partners with Ripple for cross-border payment expansion Thunes partnered with Ripple to expand its cross-border payment capabilities, leveraging Ripple's blockchain-based payment infrastructure.
SV027 Thunes Thunes Expands Its Leadership to Accelerate Growth Thunes appoints Floris de Kort as its new CEO. Peter De Caluwe has been promoted to Deputy Chairman focusing on strategy, M&A and further expansion into key markets.
SV028 The Paypers Thunes to Acquire Tilia Thunes announced its intention to acquire Tilia, a payment platform serving the gaming and virtual goods economy.
SV029 Financial Conduct Authority (UK) FCA Financial Services Register The FCA Financial Services Register provides the definitive list of authorised and registered payment institutions in the United Kingdom.
SV030 NMLS (Conference of State Bank Supervisors) NMLS Consumer Access — US Money Service Business Registry NMLS Consumer Access enables verification of licensed money service businesses and payment institutions across US state jurisdictions.
SV031 Tracxn Thunes — Tracxn Company Profile Tracxn provides company profiles, funding round tracking, and investor mapping for private fintech companies including Thunes.
SV032 Thunes Thunes — A Fully Compliant and Regulated Network Thunes operates under full regulatory compliance across its global network, holding licenses and registrations in all key operating jurisdictions.