Kalshi
受 CFTC 监管的预测市场,收入快速增长,机构分销持续扩张,但州法风险尚未解决。
Kalshi 的监管护城河和收入增长看起来确有其事,但当前 $22B–$40B 的估值区间仍把体育市场的法律结果视为利好;相关争议尚未解决,因此继续研究才是稳妥姿态。
覆盖范围与披露说明
覆盖范围基于截至 2026-10-07 可获得的公开证据;经审计财务报表、完整股权结构表、准确客户数及完整领导层治理披露仍不可得。
封面要素
公司概况
Kalshi 是一家由创始人主导的后期私有交易所,允许用户交易现实世界事件的是 / 否合约,并已扩展至机构分销、数据授权和加密货币永续期货。公开证据支持据报道的 $22B F 轮估值及快速收入增长,但公司仍未提供经审计财务报表、完整资本化瀑布表和完整治理披露;州法挑战仍持续威胁体育市场收入。
- 成立时间
- 2018-01-01
- 创始人
- Tarek Mansour, Luana Lopes Lara
- 创立地点
- New York, NY, USA
- 总部
- Manhattan, New York City
- 产品
- 这是一个受 CFTC 监管的事件合约交易所,提供二元预测市场、机构事件合约、市场数据产品和加密货币永续期货。
- 客户
- 零售交易者、机构客户、分销合作伙伴与企业合规客户。
- 商业模式
- 交易所交易费、客户资金浮存金收入、数据授权收入及机构接入 / 合作伙伴收入。
- 阶段
- Late-stage private (Series F)
- 融资情况
- 据报道,2026 年完成 $1B F 轮融资,估值 $22B;后续报道提到 IPO 前可能还有 $40B 追加轮。
执行摘要
主要优势
- 受 CFTC 监管的交易所架构及指定合约市场身份,构成了有分量的监管护城河。
- 收入和交易活跃度快速放大,公开来源称其收入运行率已达 $4B。
- 借助数据、合规和经纪业务合作伙伴,机构分销网络正在扩宽。
主要风险
- 体育市场收入高度集中,且持续暴露于各州博彩执法和禁令风险。
- 经审计财务报表、完整股权结构表和清算优先权瀑布仍未披露。
- $22B 估值及据报道达到 $40B 的后续融资讨论,已经计入有利的法律结果。
未决问题
- 目前没有公开可得的 FY2025 经审计财务报表或 2026 年第一季度管理账目。
- 优先股堆叠、清算瀑布以及按股份类别划分的普通股权益价值仍未披露。
- Robinhood 合作的经济条款、排他性和终止触发条件仍未公开。
- 体育合约收入按州及合约类型划分的地域分布未披露。
- 联邦法是否优先于各州博彩法仍在诉讼中,可能重塑核心业务。
目录
01公司概况
1.1 身份与商业模式
Kalshi 于 2018 年由 Tarek Mansour 和 Luana Lopes Lara 创立,总部位于纽约市曼哈顿。其公开平台于 2021 年 7 月上线。公司的核心不是做赌局对手方,而是运营交易所:参与者以点对点方式交易与现实事件是 / 否结果挂钩的合约。Kalshi 表示,其交易所和清算所实体受 CFTC 监管;当前产品页面显示,业务范围已不止政治预测,还包括短期限外汇合约、上市公司 KPI 预测、机构事件合约和永续期货。这种广度支持其交易所平台定位,但公司控制的页面只能证明产品可用,不能证明需求、盈利能力或监管持久性。[CO001, CO002, CO004, CO005, CO006, CO016]
| 指标 | 数值或状态 | 截至 | 置信度 | 缺口或限定 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 成立时间 | 2018 | 历史数据 | 中 | 两个二手来源相互印证了创始人身份。 |
| 总部 | Manhattan, New York City | 2026-10-07 访问 | 中 | 没有找到完整的办公地点或法律实体地点清单。 |
| 阶段 | 私营公司;据报道完成 F 轮 | 2026-05-04 | 中 | 没有找到股权结构表或股份类别条款。 |
| 最新报道估值 | $22 billion | 2026-05-04 | 高 | 私募轮估值,不是独立的公允价值评估。 |
| 最新报道的主要融资 | 超过 $1 billion | 2026-05-04 | 高 | 没有找到本轮交割文件和证券条款。 |
| 年化收入 | 超过 $2 billion | 2026-06-19 | 中 | 有日期的年化运行率;不是 ARR 或经审计收入。 |
| 年化交易量 | $178 billion | 2026-05-04 | 中 | Dealroom 报道的运行率;Kalshi 后来声称另一组 $500B+ 数据,尚未调和。 |
| 机构客户 | 1,000+ | 2026-10-07 访问 | 中 | 公司口径;客户定义和活跃客户分母未披露。 |
| 用户或客户总数 | 2026-10-07 | 低 | 指定来源无法支持当前用户总数。 | |
| 员工人数 | 2026-10-07 | 低 | 指定来源无法支持当前员工总数。 | |
| 累计募资 | 2026-10-07 | 低 | 最新轮次有报道,但无法可靠支持累计股权、二级交易和债务所得。 | |
| 运营地点 | 2026-10-07 | 低 | 纽约总部有依据,但没有完整的地点版图。 |
数值保留各来源使用的指标名称和日期。年化收入不是 ARR,年化交易量不是收入;空值表示指定证据无法支持当前数字。
[CO001, CO002, CO007, CO008, CO010, CO015]1.2 领导层与治理
公司依然明显由创始人主导。Tarek Mansour 是联合创始人兼 CEO,Luana Lopes Lara 是联合创始人兼 COO。这一组合让产品、监管和运营决策保持连续性;两位创始人在创办公司前都被描述为金融分析师。与此同时,关键人物集中度可能较高:指定来源没有披露完整高管名单、董事会成员、独立董事占比、委员会结构、投票控制权、继任计划或重要领导层离职。缺少这些记录不等于治理控制薄弱,而是意味着仅凭这组证据无法评估治理质量和创始人控制风险,需要直接向公司索取尽调材料。[CO001, CO003]
| 人员 | 当前职务 | 背景 | 职能覆盖或创始人—市场匹配度 | 关键人物依赖 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tarek Mansour | 联合创始人兼 CEO | MIT 教育背景;据描述在 Kalshi 之前曾任金融分析师 | 创始团队持续覆盖交易所战略、产品愿景和监管叙事 | 高曝光度和长期任职使继任安排、投票控制权及授权范围成为重要尽调事项。 |
| Luana Lopes Lara | 联合创始人兼 COO | 据描述在 Kalshi 之前曾任金融分析师 | 创始团队持续覆盖运营和受监管市场执行 | 公开证据无法确认继任覆盖、投票控制权或 COO 职务下的权限范围。 |
仅列出指定来源交叉印证过职务的创始人;这不是完整的高管、董事会或委员会名单。
[CO001, CO003]1.3 资本、规模与利益相关方
独立报道描述了一笔由 Coatue 领投、规模超过 $1B、估值 $22B 的 F 轮融资,Sequoia Capital、Andreessen Horowitz、IVP、Paradigm、Morgan Stanley 和 ARK Invest 参与其中。一篇报道称,估值从 2025 年 12 月的 $11B 翻倍。运营规模从方向上看很大,但必须谨慎表述:Dealroom 报告称,2026 年 5 月年化收入超过 $1.5B、年化交易量为 $178B;Bitcoin Magazine 则报告称,6 月年化收入超过 $2B。这些是有日期的年化运行率,不是经审计收入,也不是 ARR。Kalshi 另称拥有超过 1,000 家机构客户和 $500B 年化交易量,但其分母、方法及与此前交易量报告的勾稽均未提供。[CO007, CO008, CO009, CO010, CO015]
| 利益相关方 | 角色 | 控制权或经济重要性 | 尽调要求 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tarek Mansour 与 Luana Lopes Lara | 创始人及运营负责人 | 可能存在战略和投票权集中;实际持股未披露 | 获取完全摊薄后的持股、投票协议、归属安排和继任计划。 |
| Coatue Management | 据报道的 F 轮领投方 | 据报道以 $22B 估值参与 $1B+ 轮次的锚定投资者 | 核实证券、优先权、董事会、信息权和按比例跟投条款。 |
| Sequoia Capital | 据报道的 F 轮参与方 | 机构股权利益相关方;持股和权利未披露 | 核实累计持股、优先权级别和治理权利。 |
| Andreessen Horowitz | 据报道的 F 轮参与方 | 机构股权利益相关方;持股和权利未披露 | 核实累计持股、优先权级别和治理权利。 |
| IVP 与 Paradigm | 据报道的 F 轮参与方 | 机构股权利益相关方;持股和权利未披露 | 核实配额、优先权和战略权利。 |
| Morgan Stanley | 据报道的 F 轮参与方 | 主流金融服务投资者,也可能构成机构信号 | 将投资敞口与任何商业或顾问关系分开核实。 |
| ARK Invest | 据报道的 F 轮参与方 | 多篇报道提及的机构股权利益相关方 | 核实配额、持股、信息权和承诺。 |
| Tradeweb | 战略合作伙伴和少数股权投资者 | 将 Kalshi 数据嵌入机构工作流,并增加合作伙伴—投资者关系 | 审阅经济安排、数据权利、排他性、路线图义务和投资条款。 |
| CFTC | 联邦交易所和清算所监管机构 | 监管状态是产品定位和市场准入的核心 | 核实实体注册、产品审查状态、检查情况和未决事项。 |
| 州博彩监管机构和法院 | 体育市场运营的挑战方 | 可能限制一项据报道占 2025 年收入近 90% 的收入来源 | 按司法辖区跟踪每一项禁令、上诉、州级限制和收入敞口。 |
图谱仅依据已点名的创始人、据报道的 F 轮参与方、一家已披露的投资者兼合作伙伴及重要监管方绘制;持股比例、董事席位、优先权和债权人仍未披露。
[CO003, CO006, CO008, CO011, CO012, CO014]1.4 里程碑与风险调整后的事实基础
Kalshi 的发展轨迹把融资、产品扩张和机构分销结合起来,但法律依赖是公司概况的核心变量。Dealroom 报告称,体育业务占 2025 年收入近 90%;马萨诸塞州下级法院于 2026 年 1 月禁止体育市场,5 月听证后上诉仍未决。州法与联邦法如何定性,将直接决定报告中的收入运行率能否持续。后续里程碑——5 月宣布永续期货、6 月报道的早期 IPO 沟通,以及 6 月上线的 Tradeweb 数据集成——显示公司正向更广泛的金融交易所和机构叙事推进,但并未解决体育收入集中,也不能替代经审计财务报表、资本化表或法律裁决。[CO011, CO012, CO013, CO014, CO015]
八个里程碑记录 Kalshi 从创立、融资、法律压力,到产品扩张和机构分销的发展轨迹。
仅标注月份的日期反映来源精度;不会在已披露日期之间插入推断事件。
公司成立 [CO001]
联邦市场认定 [CO006]
公共平台上线 [CO004]
披露估值 $11B [CO009]
马萨诸塞州禁令 [CO012]
宣布永续期货 [CO013]
IPO 谈判获报道 [CO015]
Tradeweb 集成上线 [CO014]
1.5 图表与要点
02市场分析
2.1 市场边界与相邻市场
可辩护的核心市场是交易所交易的二元事件合约,而不是赌博市场和衍生品市场的总和。CEPR 描述了一种报价驱动的订单簿:是和否合约价格为 1 至 99 美分,正确一方以 $1 结算;它还指出,美国监管历史上限制了事件范围和下注金额 [CM001, CM002]。Kalshi 的机构材料把买方任务扩展到对冲、价格发现、交易、做市、套利和数据 [CM006]。永续期货属于相邻市场,而不是当前事件合约 TAM:Kalshi 宣布计划推出受监管审查的美国加密货币永续合约,并明确排除农产品永续合约 [CM007]。体育博彩、调查和代理衍生品仍是替代品,但指定证据没有量化替代程度或客户支出 [CM016]。
| 细分市场 / 类别 | 纳入的活动或支出代理指标 | 本边界排除项 | 买方 / 付款方 | 相关性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 二元事件合约 | 针对可验证事件撮合的“是 / 否”合约;收费支出未披露 | 将名义总交易量当作收入或客户支出 | 为自身头寸提供资金的零售和机构交易者 | Kalshi 的核心市场,也是最窄且可辩护性最强的边界 |
| 机构对冲与价格发现 | 投入事件风险敞口的资本,以及使用市场隐含概率 | 代理对冲、调查和内部预测 | 企业、资产管理机构和风险团队 | 有望拓展到娱乐驱动交易之外 |
| 流动性提供与套利 | 用于报价或交易相关价格错位的交易资本 | 把客户下注额作为全部撮合交易量的同义词 | 为头寸提供资金的专业交易公司 | 支持更紧的市场和拟议中的网络效应 |
| 体育赛事合约 | 客户对体育结果承担的风险 | 假定州体育博彩下注额可直接比较 | 个人和交易公司 | 采用驱动因素,但受活跃的州法约束 |
| 永续期货邻近业务 | 计划开展的美国加密永续期货业务,待监管审查 | 将 $90T 以上的离岸交易量当作当前美国 SAM;农业大宗商品永续合约 | 加密交易者和机构 | 产品邻近方向,不是事件合约 TAM 的证据 |
边界综合 CEPR、Kalshi 机构材料、Kalshi 产品公告和州级执法记录得出;没有来源披露按细分市场划分的客户支出或收入。
[CM001, CM002, CM006, CM007, CM011, CM014, CM015, CM016]2.2 受证据约束的市场规模测算
公开指标不能直接比较。Kalshi 声称平台年化交易量超过 $500B、同比增长 20 倍 [CM003];CryptoRank 报告年交易量 $100B、增长 400% [CM010];VNTR 报告周交易量超过 $1B、同比增长 1,000% [CM009]。这些来源在产品范围、计量日期和平均窗口上并不一致。更重要的是,交易量不等于客户下注额、支出或收入:一份竞争者撰写的行业分析指出,每笔撮合交易都会增加名义交易量,包括退出和重复交易 [CM011]。其 Masters 示例把 $87M 交易量换算为仅 $4M 至 $17M 的估计客户风险敞口,采用 Sporttrade 高尔夫 5%–20% 区间 [CM012]。这一区域性事件区间不能外推为 Kalshi 全公司的 SAM 或 SOM [CM016]。
| 发布方 | 指标期间 | 地理范围 / 口径 | 数值 | 增长 | 方法 | 置信度 | 局限 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalshi Institutional | 年化快照;访问日期 2026-10-07 | Kalshi 平台;地理范围和产品组合未披露 | $500B+ 交易量 | 同比 20x | 公司披露的年化交易量 | 中 | 公司口径;未经审计的客户支出、下注额或收入 |
| CryptoRank / BitcoinWorld 转载 | 年度;具体窗口未披露 | Kalshi 平台;地理范围和产品组合未披露 | $100B 交易量 | 较上一年度 400% | 文章将数字归因于一份报告和未指明的监管申报 | 低 | 与公司当前数字无法调和,抓取文本也未链接任何申报文件 |
| VNTR Media | 2025 年报道的周度及同比指标 | Kalshi 平台 | $1B+ 周交易量 | 同比 1,000% | 面向投资者的市场分析 | 中 | 没有支出、下注额、费用或收入分母 |
| The Closing Line / Sporttrade | 大师赛高尔夫赛事示例;抓取文本未注明日期 | Kalshi 一个体育市场 | $87M 交易量 | 未说明 | 观察到的名义交易量示例 | 中 | 单一赛事,且由竞争对手撰写 |
| The Closing Line / Sporttrade | 大师赛高尔夫赛事示例;抓取文本未注明日期 | Kalshi 一个体育市场 | $4M-$17M 估计客户风险 | 不适用 | 根据 Sporttrade 内部高尔夫交易量—下注额区间,以 $87M 的 5%-20% 估算 | 低 | 竞争对手估算;不是 Kalshi 全公司的换算比例 |
数值保留各发布方使用的指标名称、期间和分母。交易量、客户风险 / 下注额、收入和 TAM 不可互换,各行也不可相加。
[CM003, CM009, CM010, CM011, CM012, CM016]六项已发布的规模信号,从宽泛的邻近市场延伸到平台和参与者指标,但不主张可将其换算为 TAM、SAM 或 SOM。
各层宽度仅表示层级,不代表数值比例。
这些项目的期间、单位、范围和发布方各不相同,既不能相加,也不构成嵌套关系;没有依据将其换算为收入、SAM 或 SOM。
[CM003, CM004, CM005, CM007, CM009, CM010, CM016]2.3 买方分层与采用机制
Kalshi 声称拥有超过 1,000 家机构客户、8,000 个活跃市场和 10 亿笔年交易 [CM004, CM005]。其机构定位列出多类不同用户:寻找直接事件对冲的风险负责人、表达方向观点的交易者、提供流动性的做市商、交易错价的套利者,以及消费市场隐含概率的分析师 [CM006]。这些任务对应不同付款方和预算负责人,因此用单一消费者博彩 TAM 会产生误导。VNTR 认为,随着参与度提升,场所更具吸引力,流动性可能形成赢家通吃的网络效应 [CM008]。但 CEPR 对超过 300,000 份合约的分析发现,存在热门—冷门偏差,平均回报显著为负,接受者尤其如此;这在流动性收益之外又形成了信任和留存约束 [CM013]。
| 细分市场 | 买方 | 用户 | 付款方 | 工作流 | 预算负责人 | 采用触发因素 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自主事件交易者 | 个人 | 挂单方或吃单方 | 为头寸提供资金的个人 | 对二元事件表达观点,之后持有、退出或再次交易 | 个人可支配资本 | 易于选择事件,并对结算有信心 |
| 机构对冲者 | 企业或投资机构 | 风险经理或交易员 | 为对冲提供资金的机构 | 交易制造风险敞口的事件,而非代理品种 | 风险或资金负责人,推断;未披露 | 面临重大事件风险,却缺少高效的代理对冲 |
| 价格发现或数据用户 | 企业、投资者或研究机构 | 分析师或决策者 | 机构;商业数据条款未披露 | 在决策中使用实时或历史市场隐含概率 | 研究或数据负责人,推断;未披露 | 需要持续更新的事件概率 |
| 做市商 / 套利者 | 专业交易公司 | 量化交易员或系统 | 配置交易资本的公司 | 提供被动流动性,或交易相关工具之间的价格错位 | 交易负责人,推断;未披露 | 足够的交易量、基础设施和可重复的价差机会 |
| 体育导向参与者 | 个人或交易公司 | 体育事件合约交易者 | 为头寸提供资金的参与者 | 在交易所式合约上交易体育结果 | 个人或交易资本 | 市场可用性,受州级准入和地理围栏限制 |
Kalshi 披露了使用场景,但没有披露采购路径或预算归属;推断出的预算负责人单元格已标注,仍需客户验证。
[CM005, CM006, CM008, CM011, CM013, CM014, CM015]2.4 监管与衡量约束
联邦交易所地位并不能消除州级采用风险。纽约州于 2026 年 7 月起诉 Kalshi,指控其经营无牌赌博,并寻求停止运营、没收、赔偿和罚金 [CM014]。随后密歇根州获得初步禁令,要求对体育合约设置地理围栏,违规每天罚款 $500,000 [CM015]。即使最终实体裁决尚未作出,这些行动也会按辖区减少可触达用户和流动性,并使未经区分的全国 SOM 不再合适。关键缺失输入包括产品和州级交易量、独立注资账户数、净费用、机构合约价值和留存率。没有这些分母,本章只能比较活动信号和约束,不能把融资叙事或毛名义周转额换算成可服务支出、收入或现金创造 [CM016]。
2.5 图表与要点
03竞争格局
3.1 竞争格局与市场结构
预测市场和事件合约行业在 2025 和 2026 年大幅扩张:2025 年总交易量超过 $50B,月度交易量在 2026 年 1 月升至 $20B 以上。商业市场高度集中,Kalshi 与 Polymarket 合计约占总交易量的 97.5%。在这对双寡头之外,竞争格局还包括 PredictIt 等在受限监管豁免下运营的传统政治预测网站、Manifold Markets 等虚拟货币预测平台,以及 Metaculus 等依靠声誉的预测平台。此外,受监管新进入者不断涌入,包括 Robinhood 这样的零售券商事件合约界面,以及 FanDuel Predicts、DraftKings 等探索事件预测模式的商业体育博彩平台。 Kalshi 的战略差异化来自其商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)指定合约市场(DCM)地位:通过受监管清算所基础设施,以美元清算交易。这让 Kalshi 能通过 ACH 和电汇直接服务美国国内零售参与者,为机构对冲者和做市商提供 API 集成,并向 Robinhood 等零售券商分销合约。相比之下,Polymarket 的国际产品在 Polygon 区块链上运行,以 USDC 作为抵押品;其美国国内产品要求严格身份验证,并通过获批中介以美元清算。PredictIt 等传统平台受法定投资上限和高额利润佣金约束,使商业流动性集中在 Kalshi 与 Polymarket。[CP001, CP002, CP003, CP004, CP005]
| 竞争者 | 类别 | 监管状态 | 结算资产 | 主要目标细分市场 | 核心差异化与战略重点 | 主要局限与脆弱点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalshi | 受监管的 DCM 交易所 | 受 CFTC 监管的 DCM | USD | 美国零售交易者、机构、宏观对冲者 | 联邦监管许可、USD 银行通道、API 访问、永续期货扩张 | 州级博彩诉讼,涉诉州的地域限制 |
| Polymarket | 全球预测市场 | CFTC 监管(美国)/ 不受监管(国际) | USDC / USD(美国) | 全球加密交易者、政治预测者、美国零售用户 | 全球最深流动性、零费率地缘政治市场、去中心化 CLOB 架构 | 监管审查,美国平台历史上仅支持 iOS,海外存在加密钱包门槛 |
| PredictIt | 政治预测平台 | CFTC 不采取行动函 | USD | 美国政治爱好者和学者 | 成熟的政治预测社区,自 2014 年延续至今的品牌寿命 | 高额盈利和提现费用,$3,500 头寸上限,政治领域狭窄 |
| Robinhood(事件合约) | 零售经纪合作伙伴 | SEC/FINRA 经纪交易商(与交易所合作) | USD | 主流零售经纪投资者 | 庞大分销渠道,可从股票 / 衍生品经纪账户无缝访问 | 依赖底层交易所基础设施(包括 Kalshi),合约受限 |
| Manifold Markets | 社交预测平台 | 不受监管(虚拟下注) | Mana(虚拟货币) | 社区预测者、研究人员、AI 对齐团队 | 可围绕任何主题自由创建市场,零财务门槛,并支持慈善捐赠 | 不以真钱结算,不能用于金融对冲 |
| Metaculus | 基于声誉的预测 | 不受监管(声誉 / 积分) | 声誉积分 / 锦标赛奖金 | 政策分析师、科学家、超级预测者 | 严格的问题策划、持续概率评分、Brier 分数追踪 | 合约不可交易,不是资本执行场所 |
截至 2026 年,信息综合自公开平台对比、官方服务条款和监管申报。
[CP001, CP002, CP003, CP004, CP005, CP006]3.2 竞争者画像、规模与监管态势
对市场参与者的比较显示,各家的监管基础、产品范围和目标人群差异明显。Polymarket 于 2020 年上线,交易量从 2023 年的 $73M 增至 2024 年的 $9B,覆盖政治、宏观经济、加密货币和文化市场,并保持最大的国际流动性池。其国际平台在 Polygon 区块链上使用中心限价订单簿(CLOB);美国产品则在 CFTC 监管框架下运营并以美元结算。Kalshi 自 2021 年上线,报告 2025 年名义交易量 $23.8B,并扩展到机构对冲和永续期货合约,机构客户超过 1,000 家,年化交易量指标达 $500B。 二级竞争者服务于更专门的场景。PredictIt 自 2014 年起依据 CFTC 不采取行动函运营,几乎专注政治结果;但每份合约限额 $3,500,已实现利润收取 10% 高额费用,提现另收 5%。非货币平台服务预测和研究,而非金融风险管理:Manifold Markets 提供社区创建、以虚拟游戏币 Mana 结算的市场;Metaculus 则为政策机构和研究团体汇总专家连续概率估计。[CP006, CP007, CP008, CP009]
| 评估维度 | Kalshi | Polymarket | PredictIt | Manifold Markets | Metaculus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 美国联邦监管许可 | CFTC 指定合约市场 | 受 CFTC 监管(美国,通过 QCX) | CFTC 不采取行动函 | 无(虚拟货币) | 无(声誉积分) |
| 结算货币 | USD(银行 ACH、电汇、借记卡) | USDC(国际)/ USD(美国) | USD(银行 ACH、电汇) | 虚拟 Mana(非现金) | 积分 / 锦标赛奖金 |
| 订单执行模式 | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | 自动做市商(CPMM) | 汇总概率分布 |
| 最大持仓限额 | 每份合约最高 $100M | 无 | 每份合约 $3,500 | 无 | 无 |
| 市场广度与类别 | 体育、经济、政治、天气、永续合约 | 政治、加密货币、体育、宏观、文化 | 仅政治与选举 | 用户生成的任意主题 | 科学、技术、政策、地缘政治 |
| 机构基础设施与 API | FIX / REST / WebSocket API、隔离资金 | REST / WebSocket API、链上数据 | 仅网页端(无公开 API) | 提供 REST API | 提供 REST API |
这些功能反映了 2026 年行业基准指南中记录的公开平台能力。
[CP002, CP004, CP007, CP008, CP009]按监管合规严格程度和流动性深度,对预测及事件合约场所进行序数定位。
| 条目 | X (15–90) | Y (30–95) | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Kalshi | 90 | 85 | |
| 2. Polymarket | 65 | 95 | |
| 3. PredictIt | 50 | 35 | |
| 4. Robinhood 事件合约 | 80 | 75 | |
| 5. Manifold Markets | 15 | 40 | |
| 6. Metaculus | 20 | 30 |
X 轴代表监管合规严格程度(0-100 序数评分,范围从不受监管/真钱外的游戏到获得完整许可的 CFTC DCM)。Y 轴代表流动性和商业交易量深度(0-100 序数评分,基于已报告的 2025-2026 年交易量和活跃未平仓权益)。
[CP001, CP002, CP006, CP008]3.3 定价经济学、分销渠道与监管风险
交易摩擦和分销合作伙伴关系会显著影响场所选择与用户留存。Kalshi 采用按概率加权的费率表:接受者费用按合约价格乘以其反向价格计算,基准为 7 美分,50/50 合约最高达 1.75%;做市商费用为接受者费用的 25%,在特定活跃交易层级下的挂单限价单则为 0%。Polymarket 按资产类别动态收取接受者费用:加密货币市场最高 1.80%,体育市场 0.75%,地缘政治和世界事件合约不收费。相比之下,PredictIt 从毛利润中抽取 10%,提现再收 5%,对盈利交易形成超过 14% 的严重结构性拖累。 分销能力是竞争持久性的关键决定因素。Kalshi 与 Robinhood 的嵌入式合作让事件合约触达 Robinhood 的注资券商账户,带来纯预测应用难以独立复制的分销规模。然而,Kalshi 的商业模式正面临州级严重不利法律逆风。CFTC 依据《商品交易法》(CEA)主张联邦优先管辖权,且获第三巡回法院关于新泽西州案件的裁决支持;但州检察长和博彩委员会已发起积极执法。2026 年 7 月,纽约州检察长与州长 Hochul 起诉 Kalshi,指控其经营非法、无牌体育博彩平台,要求赔偿并处三倍罚款。同样在 2026 年 9 月,密歇根州检察长 Dana Nessel 获得初步禁令,要求设置地理围栏,阻止密歇根居民参与 Kalshi 体育投注,违规每天罚款 $500,000。由于体育合约占零售交易需求和费用收入的绝大多数,这些州级禁令带来重大运营不确定性,并可能割裂 Kalshi 的国内可服务市场。[CP010, CP011, CP012, CP013, CP014, CP015]
| 平台 | 吃单费结构 | 挂单费结构 | 存取款费用 | 交易高峰摩擦 | 对交易者的净经济影响 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalshi | 按概率加权(7c * P * (1-P)),峰值 1.75% | 吃单费的 25%(静态限价单为 0%) | ACH / 电汇免费;借记卡入金费 2% | 50/50 概率时为 1.75% | 概率接近极端值时竞争力很强;接近 50 美分时摩擦更高 |
| Polymarket | 按类别动态收费:体育 0.75%,加密货币 1.80% | USDC 流动性返佣下挂单费为 0% | 存款和提款均免费 | 加密货币市场为 1.80%(地缘政治市场为 0%) | 免手续费的地缘政治市场摩擦最低;体育交易拖累较小 |
| PredictIt | 已实现净交易利润收取 10% 费用 | 已实现净交易利润收取 10% 费用 | 存取款免费(此前 5% 的提款费已取消) | 合计利润税为 10% | 盈利交易的经济拖累显著,压低长期复利 |
| Robinhood(事件合约) | 转嫁 / 交易所整合费率表 | 随底层交易所合约而变 | 标准券商资金条款 | 按合约适用的交易所费用 | 券商客户资金流转顺畅,但受交易所费率表约束 |
费用表反映截至 2026 年已核实的平台更新,包括 PredictIt 修订后的提款费通知。
[CP004, CP010, CP011, CP012]3.4 图表与要点
04财务情况
4.1 交易所费率机制、垄断性客户资金浮存金与新兴数据流
Kalshi 运营受 CFTC 监管的指定合约市场,主要靠对交易量收取可变交易费创收,而不是站在用户对手方进行承保。交易所采用做市商—接受者定价架构:提供流动性的做市商限价单不收交易费;立即与可用深度成交的接受者市价单则按合约概率支付可变费用。除核心交易费外,Kalshi 还依据 CFTC 规则将客户现金余额留存在隔离账户并保留利息收益,从而获取客户资金浮存金收入,同时向存款人提供分层现金收益。补充商业收入包括程序化 API 接入费、向机构交易台和媒体组织授权历史及实时市场数据,以及高接触式机构接入层级。[CI001, CI002, CI003, CI004, CI005]
| 收入渠道 | 变现机制 | 定价基础 | 牵引力 / 状态 | 收入质量 | 尽调要求 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 零售事件合约费用 | 对吃单订单收取浮动的挂单方—吃单方交易费 | 按合约概率采用滑动费率,约 0.07% 至 7% | 主要收入来源;2025 年创造 $260M 收入 | 交易型、波动性高,取决于事件日历 | 核实体育与非体育订单簿的净实际费率 |
| 客户现金浮存金利息 | 对隔离客户存款余额赚取利息收入 | 短期美国国债收益率减去用户利息 APY(最高 4.05%) | 运营性收入;随客户存款总额直接增长 | 经常性利差收入;对利率高度敏感 | 索取隔离客户现金日均余额和净利差 |
| 机构与 API 接入 | 专用 API 速率限制、机构连接和大宗交易 | 通过 FCM 收取订阅分层费用和定制化清算所费用 | 覆盖 1,000+ 家机构客户及 FCM 合作伙伴 | 高毛利、经常性且按交易量计费的商业合同 | 查阅机构费用协议、最低交易量承诺及留存情况 |
| 市场数据许可 | 清洗后的历史 tick 数据和实时概率数据流 | 与媒体、研究机构和交易台签订企业许可协议 | 与 CNN、CNBC 和 Tradeweb 的独家媒体合作 | 已签约的经常性企业收入 | 审阅多年期数据许可合同金额和续约条款 |
| 加密货币永续期货 | 对连续加密货币合约收取期货交易费 | 上线促销期零费用;未来采用挂单方—吃单方费率表 | 2026 年 5 月上线;2026 年 6 月处理约 $7B 交易量 | 尚未变现的增长驱动因素,等待启用费用 | 确认计划中的费率表及启用费用后的用户留存 |
收入渠道分类汇总自 Kalshi 机构资料、Sacra 股权分析和 Alphascope 收入拆分;费率表反映已发布的交易所规则。
[CI001, CI002, CI003, CI004, CI005]| 交易角色 / 工具 | 合约价格区间 | 名义费率结构 | 实际费用负担 | 实际利差 / 补贴 | 来源依据 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 做市方限价单(流动性提供者) | 1¢ 至 99¢ | 静态限价单 0% 费用 | 零交易费 | 分层交易量返佣最高 1%(上限为 $7,000/周) | 官方费率表与学术实证数据 |
| 吃单订单:极端长尾 / 热门标的 | 1¢-10¢ 或 90¢-99¢ | 可变公式,向价格极端处逐步下降 | 合约名义金额的约 0.07% 至 1.4% | 以补贴降低费用负担,鼓励深度尾部定价 | Sacra 商业模式评估与 Allium 估值分析 |
| 吃单订单:最大不确定性 | 40¢ 至 60¢ | 公式 $0.07 * P * (1 - P),在 50¢ 达到峰值 | 合约名义金额最高约 5.6% 至 7% | 交易周转最集中的区间能捕获最高费用 | George Washington University 研究与 Alphascope 分析 |
| Robinhood 合作方路由 | 1¢ 至 99¢(嵌入应用) | 每份合约固定 2¢,平均分摊(各 1¢) | Kalshi 每份合约收到固定 1¢ | 向分销渠道支付 50% 的收入分成 | Citizens Financial Group 分析师披露与 TSG Invest |
费率结构反映学术文献和第三方分析师披露中记录的做市—吃单交易所规则;汇总交易量的实际平均费率约为 1.2%。
[CI002, CI003, CI007]用户资金和交易订单流如何转化为交易所交易费、清算价差和合作伙伴收入分成。
| 节点 / 连接 | 节点 / 起点 | 终点 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 节点 1 | 零售与机构存款方 | ||
| 节点 2 | 客户隔离资金账户 | ||
| 节点 3 | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | ||
| 节点 4 | 做市流动性提供方 | ||
| 节点 5 | 吃单交易者与移动端投注者 | ||
| 节点 6 | Kalshi Klear 内部清算机构 | ||
| 节点 7 | 交易所费用与资金浮存收入池 | ||
| 节点 8 | 分销合作伙伴(Robinhood、Webull) | ||
| 节点 9 | 交易所净毛利 | ||
| 连接 1 | 零售与机构存款方 | 客户隔离资金账户 | |
| 连接 2 | 客户隔离资金账户 | 交易所费用与资金浮存收入池 | |
| 连接 3 | 做市流动性提供方 | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | |
| 连接 4 | 吃单交易者与移动端投注者 | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | |
| 连接 5 | 中央限价订单簿(CLOB) | Kalshi Klear 内部清算机构 | |
| 连接 6 | Kalshi Klear 内部清算机构 | 交易所费用与资金浮存收入池 | |
| 连接 7 | 交易所费用与资金浮存收入池 | 分销合作伙伴(Robinhood、Webull) | |
| 连接 8 | 交易所费用与资金浮存收入池 | 交易所净毛利 |
该流程展示资金和交易量如何转化为交易所毛利;边上的拆分反映结构性收费路径。
[CI001, CI002, CI004, CI007, CI011]4.2 交易速度超规模增长、体育偏斜与分销经济学
据报道,Kalshi 的商业势头从 2024 年的数千万美元快速扩展到 2025 年数亿美元净收入,并在 2026 年事件密集高峰期出现数十亿美元年化收入运行率的自称数据。然而,收入增长绝大部分由体育事件合约驱动,其占创费交易量的 75% 至 87%。为扩大零售流动性,Kalshi 高度依赖嵌入式零售分销渠道,尤其是与 Robinhood 的战略集成;在按合约分成费用的协议下,高峰期用户交易量贡献了 Kalshi 活动量的一半以上。这种嵌入式分销降低了自然获客负担,但 Robinhood 收购 MIAXdx 后,如果流量迁移到自营场所,渠道脱媒风险显著上升。[CI006, CI007, CI008, CI009, CI010]
| 财务指标 | 报告 / 估算值 | 置信度 | 战略重要性 | 尽调要求 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 净收入(FY2024) | $24M - $45M | 中 | 全国体育业务铺开前的基准规模 | 对账:IPO 前文件披露的 $24M 与行业估算的 $45M |
| 净收入(FY2025) | $260M | 高 | 反映交易量加速 10 倍后的全年实现情况 | 获取经审计的 FY2025 损益表及收入确认拆分 |
| 收入运行率(2026 年峰值) | $1.5B - $4.0B | 中 | 展示重大赛事季的收入上限能力 | 审计非高峰事件日历期间月度运行率的可持续性 |
| 交易费毛利率 | ~85% | 中 | 验证自建清算所的高经营杠杆 | 查阅服务器、托管、清算所和银行交易成本扣除项 |
| 人均收入 | ~$795,000 | 中 | 展示平台相对券商同业的人员杠杆 | 跟踪合规与工程部门的新增员工数 |
| 客户获客成本(CAC)与回收期 | null | 低 | 对照促销补贴评估单位经济能否持续的关键指标 | 索取分群 CAC、留存曲线及促销奖金回收周期 |
数据汇总自风险投资融资公告、二级市场简报和财务研究;空值代表未披露的私有数据。
[CI006, CI008, CI011, CI014, CI015]4.3 运营成本结构、资本现金跑道与监管尽调障碍
Kalshi 维持轻资产交易所模式,每增加一份清算合约的边际成本接近于零;同时通过 CFTC 批准的清算所 Kalshi Klear LLC 将清算纳入内部。尽管如此,快速扩张至约 490 名员工,以及重大文化和体育赛事期间的密集消费者营销,都大幅推高固定开支。股权轮次与信贷工具合计累计融资约 $2.8B 至 $3.3B,最近一轮新股融资 F 轮于 2026 年 4–5 月按 $22B 估值定价。尽管资本储备充足,Kalshi 没有提供经审计损益表、GAAP 毛利率或烧钱速度数据。最关键的是,绝大部分费用收入来自体育合约,而这些合约在多个州博彩监管机构面临严厉法律禁令及刑事或民事执法,因此监管诉讼风险阻断了前瞻现金流评估。[CI011, CI012, CI013, CI014, CI015, CI016]
4.4 图表与要点
05产品与技术
5.1 核心交易架构与撮合引擎
Kalshi 的交易平台是中心化、受 CFTC 监管的衍生品交易所和清算所,与去中心化自动做市商(AMM)或混合点对点协议有根本区别。计算核心是完全链下的中心限价订单簿(CLOB)撮合引擎,二元事件合约的互补头寸严格满足 YES + NO = $1.00。平台在链下撮合限价单和市价单,延迟为个位数毫秒,实现实时价格发现和紧密买卖价差,同时不承担区块链交易费、矿工可提取价值(MEV)或区块最终性延迟。Kalshi 运营两个不同的 CFTC 监管法律和技术实体:负责撮合的指定合约市场(DCM),以及管理保证金、抵押品托管和结算的内部衍生品清算组织(DCO)。交易所基础设施构建在 Amazon Web Services(AWS)上,使用 Kubernetes、Terraform 和 Apache Kafka 进行事件驱动的消息分发,并支持实时市场数据广播和审计日志。链下执行可为零售和算法做市商提供低于 15 毫秒的头寸状态更新和可靠成交,但仍受中心化云吞吐量约束,达不到专用共址高频股票或期货交易场所的亚微秒延迟层级。[CE001, CE002, CE003, CE004, CE005, CE006]
| 层级 | 核心技术与组件 | 运营角色与架构 | 关键依赖 | 技术与尽调风险 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 撮合引擎与订单簿 | 链下 CLOB(中央限价订单簿) | 对二元合约(YES + NO = $1.00)和永续期货执行连续限价 / 市价撮合,延迟为个位数毫秒 | 内存撮合状态、专有风险校验 | 集中式云吞吐受限;重大突发新闻事件期间交易量骤增时容易受冲击 |
| 清算与结算核心 | 专有内部 DCO 清算账本 | 跟踪用户实时余额、管理抵押品要求、计算 8 小时永续合约资金费率,并记入获胜赔付 | 关系型数据库服务、银行集成 API | 大规模市场到期期间可能出现数据库锁与账本并发瓶颈;存在人工争议干预风险 |
| 消息与事件流 | Apache Kafka 事件总线 | 在分布式微服务之间分发订单簿变更、交易执行消息和审计轨迹事件 | Kafka 集群分区、zookeeper/KRaft 协调 | 极端市场波动下消费者延迟,导致客户端市场数据更新滞后 |
| 基础设施与部署 | AWS、Kubernetes、Terraform | 容器化服务编排、自动扩缩容集群及基础设施即代码配置管理 | Amazon Web Services 云控制平面 | 受监管金融市场对云厂商的依赖,以及多区域故障切换的复杂性 |
| 开发者与交易接口 | REST API、WebSocket 流、FIX 4.2/4.4 协议 | 提供公开市场数据流、RSA-PSS 签名认证交易端点和低延迟机构执行 | API 网关、令牌桶限流器、会话管理器 | 峰值负载下可能限流并断开连接;API 破坏性变更会影响接入的第三方券商 |
架构组件和依赖汇总自 Kalshi 官方 API 规范、基础设施工程招聘披露和独立技术基准。
[CE001, CE003, CE004, CE005, CE008, CE010]分层架构图,展示客户端连接、交易所执行、清算机构结算和基础设施托管。
- 客户端与分销层
- 面向零售用户、机构交易台和第三方算法开发者的外部接口
- 条目
- 消费者接口 — 提供市场发现、下单和投资组合监控的网页应用及原生 iOS/Android 移动应用
- 机构连接 — Elwood US EMS/PMS 集成、直连 FIX 4.2/4.4 协议网关及机构托管清算账户
- 开发者 API 与 SDK — REST API、WebSocket 事件流、Python 和 TypeScript SDK,以及 OpenAPI 和 AsyncAPI 模式定义
- 交易所与执行核心层
- 受 CFTC 监管的指定合约市场(DCM)撮合与市场管理系统
- 条目
- CLOB 撮合引擎 — 中央限价订单簿在链下撮合限价单和市价单,延迟为个位数毫秒
- 二元事件结构 — 严格维持系列、事件及单个市场合约的 YES + NO = $1.00 平价不变量
- 永续期货引擎 — 持续执行无到期日的期货,并每 8 小时动态重算资金费率、管理保证金
- 清算与结算层
- 受 CFTC 监管的衍生品清算组织(DCO),管理抵押品、托管和结算
- 条目
- 账本与余额 — 链下内部复式记账,跟踪用户美元余额、持仓和保证金分配
- 结果裁定与预言机引擎 — 依据预先认证的公开数据源和结算规则,自动及人工核验结果
- 银行通道 — 商业银行集成,支持 ACH 转账及当日电汇存取款
- 基础设施与安全底座层
- 云托管、分布式事件消息传递和监管合规监控
- 条目
- 云与容器基础设施 — 通过 Terraform 配置 Amazon Web Services(AWS)基础设施,并在 Kubernetes 集群间编排
- 分布式消息传递 — Apache Kafka 事件总线,驱动实时市场数据广播和审计日志
- 合规与安全控制 — 自动化 KYC/AML 核验、按州实施的 IP/地理位置围栏,以及 SOC 2 安全保障
- 网络与网关层
- 公共 API 网关上的边缘路由、DDoS 缓解和入口负载均衡
- 条目
- API 网关与入口 — 反向代理终止 TLS 连接,并将流量导向微服务
- 速率限制器与配额 — 令牌桶限流,保护撮合集群免受大流量洪泛
- 数据持久化与审计层
- 关系型状态存储、时间序列市场历史和不可篡改的审计日志
- 条目
- 关系型数据库集群 — AWS RDS PostgreSQL 集群,管理交易账户、持仓和用户凭据
- 合规档案库 — 符合 CFTC 要求的不可篡改审计存储,保留订单生命周期和交易执行记录
架构组件综合自 Kalshi 官方 API 规范、工程岗位描述和合作伙伴技术集成指南。
[CE001, CE002, CE003, CE004, CE005, CE007, CE008, CE012]5.2 产品线、永续期货与开发者接口
Kalshi 的产品目录已从离散二元事件合约扩展到连续衍生品,推出美国境内的永续期货合约。事件合约覆盖经济、政治、金融、文化和体育等二元结果,并严格按系列、事件和市场分层;永续期货则引入带 8 小时资金费率、连续且无到期日的保证金合约。这一扩展把 Kalshi 从阶段性预测场所推向全服务衍生品交易所。为支持程序化市场参与者、机构流动性提供者和第三方界面开发者,Kalshi 提供机构开发者接口,涵盖 REST、WebSocket 和金融信息交换(FIX)协议。REST 端点支持零售和金融科技集成,可浏览目录、查看投资组合和管理订单生命周期,并通过 RSA-PSS 签名和 API 密钥令牌认证。高吞吐量市场数据通过 WebSocket 流式传输;机构算法交易台使用行业标准 FIX 协议,以最低延迟提交订单并接收成交确认。Kalshi 还维护沙盒演示环境及 OpenAPI / AsyncAPI 规范,允许外部开发者和金融科技券商伙伴把事件合约订单簿嵌入自己的消费者应用。[CE007, CE008, CE009, CE010, CE011]
| 产品线 / 模块 | 工具类型 | 目标参与者 | 定价与执行机制 | 成熟度与部署状态 | 关键技术限制 / 尽调缺口 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 事件合约(二元期权) | 全额抵押的二元期权($0.01 至 $0.99) | 零售交易者、机构宏观交易台、算法对冲者 | CLOB 交易;根据官方结算规则结算为 $1.00(Yes)或 $0.00(No) | 生产环境(覆盖经济、政治、金融和体育的 8,000+ 个活跃市场) | 小众合约订单簿较薄,导致买卖价差较宽;需要活跃做市商维持流动性 |
| 永续期货(保证金) | 无到期日的现金结算期货合约 | 加密货币交易者、机构衍生品交易台、套利者 | 通过动态 8 小时资金费率机制持续进行 CLOB 撮合 | 2026 年 5 月面向加密资产上线;监管审查仍在持续 | 不包括农产品;资金费率算法稳定性和保证金清算引擎在极端闪崩下尚未验证 |
| 机构 EMS/PMS 连接 | 第三方机构桥接(Elwood US) | 对冲基金、量化资产管理机构、多策略基金 | FIX/API 执行,配备交易前风险控制、TWAP/POV 算法及投资组合盈亏集成 | 生产集成于 2026 年上线 | 第三方网关带来延迟开销;依赖客户维持直接清算会员资格 |
| 第三方开发者 SDK | Python 与 TypeScript/JS SDK、OpenAPI/AsyncAPI | 金融科技开发者、算法交易机器人构建者 | 使用 RSA-PSS 认证,通过 REST/WebSocket 以程序化方式路由订单 | 生产版本;提供公开 GitHub / 文档参考 | 分层令牌速率限制可能约束高频交易机器人策略;沙盒演示与线上撮合性能不同 |
产品属性和成熟度通过 Kalshi 官方公告、开发者文档及机构合作伙伴集成发布信息核实。
[CE002, CE007, CE008, CE009, CE011, CE013]5.3 结算机制、机构工作流与合规控制
Kalshi 的清算和结算在线下完成,使用通过自动清算所(ACH)转账和电汇直接连接美国商业银行系统的法币美元通道。市场按照预先确定的结算规则和自认证结果源完成合约结算后,内部清算所自动计算赔付并即时记入胜方账户余额,用户无需经历加密原生替代方案中的智能合约赎回或代币合并摩擦即可立即重新部署资金。面向机构客户,Kalshi 与 Elwood Technologies 等外部执行管理系统(EMS)和投资组合管理系统(PMS)连接,使数字资产量化交易台、宏观对冲基金和主经纪商能够建模二元事件风险、按现行利率计算资金利差,并通过盘前风险控制和白名单路由程序化订单。然而,作为受联邦监管的 DCM 运营也带来严格边界:所有账户都必须完成了解你的客户(KYC)和反洗钱(AML)身份验证,历史上还曾限制美国 8 个州的访问。此外,纽约州检察长指控无牌赌博和向青少年开放的州级法律挑战,威胁关键辖区的零售访问连续性,并给 Kalshi 基础设施增加严格的技术地理围栏与合规监测义务。[CE012, CE013, CE014, CE015, CE016]
| 工作流 / 用例 | 参与者任务 | 传统 / 替代工作流 | Kalshi 技术方案 | 可量化技术收益 | 运营边界 / 约束 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直接宏观与事件对冲 | 对冲企业或投资组合对利率、CPI 或选举的敞口 | 通过股票、债券 ETF 或场外结构化衍生品进行不完美的代理对冲 | 交易直接以官方政府或基准数据为结算依据的二元合约 | 目标事件不存在基差风险;最大赔付和风险轮廓明确 | 受 CFTC 规则下的持仓限额约束;市场流动性低于全球指数期货 |
| 机构执行与风险 | 管理多元化基金中的事件合约库存 | 手工电子表格、零售交易场所网页门户、未建模的风险桶 | 通过 Elwood 统一执行 EMS/PMS,配备交易前检查和自动对账 | 消除交易断点;实时风险建模和审计轨迹 | 依赖交易场所连接;需要专门的合规白名单 |
| 算法做市 | 在多个结果价位提供双边流动性 | 在公有区块链上进行高 gas 成本的链上 AMM/CLOB 交易 | 采用低延迟 REST 和 FIX 下单,零 gas 成本且余额即时更新 | 个位数毫秒下单;内部资本即时再配置 | 受严格的交易所限流分层约束,并面临交易所停机风险 |
| 零售事件交易 | 围绕政治、文化、体育或经济里程碑进行投机 | 不受监管的离岸体育博彩,或复杂的加密钱包配置 | 原生移动端 / 网页应用,直连 ACH / 电汇法币银行通道 | 法币入金顺畅;赔付自动直接结算至银行账户 | 强制身份 KYC/AML 检查;州级访问限制和诉讼禁令 |
工作流画像将 Kalshi 的集中式受监管平台与加密原生及传统金融替代方案进行对比。
[CE002, CE005, CE010, CE012, CE014, CE015]5.4 图表与要点
06客户情况
6.1 客户分层与买方画像
Kalshi 的客户生态基本分为直接零售交易者和机构市场参与者。零售消费者主要通过移动端和网页应用交易政治、经济数据发布、文化里程碑和体育赛事的二元事件合约 [CU001, CU002]。在零售客户群中,交易行为从跟随媒体周期的休闲事件投注者,到试图利用统计优势对抗公众情绪的系统化自主交易者不等 [CU008]。企业侧,Kalshi 将机构用户分为量化对冲基金、被动流动性提供者、企业对冲实体和分销伙伴 [CU005, CU007]。企业财资和风险管理团队用事件合约直接对冲特定运营敞口,例如通胀头条指标或利率决策,而不是依赖不完美的传统代理工具 [CU007]。机构采用得到合规监测集成支持,例如与 Comply 和 StarCompliance 合作,使企业雇主能够跟踪员工活动,并在预测市场和永续期货中执行内幕交易禁令 [CU004]。这套机构基础设施体现出 Kalshi 正从零售中心场所转向服务企业和金融实体的受监管衍生品交易所。
| 分群 | 买方 / 用户 / 付款方 | 主要用例 | 规模 / 渗透率 | 商业价值 | 尽调缺口 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 零售投机者 | 个人消费者交易者 | 交易体育、娱乐和选举事件合约 | 覆盖数百万笔交易的高交易量消费者基础 | 带来基础交易费收入和市场头部流动性 | 个人账户流失及分群留存指标未披露 |
| 系统化零售交易者 | 个人量化交易者 | 围绕宏观经济数据和美联储政策发布进行统计套利 | 使用定制 API 和经济数据流的专业细分市场 | 为经济和货币政策市场提供活跃流动性 | 半专业交易者相对新手贡献的平台交易量占比 |
| 机构客户 | 对冲基金和自营交易公司 | 做市、统计套利和方向性风险配置 | 1,000+ 家机构客户;平台年化交易量 $500B+ | 提供买卖价深度和大宗合约执行能力 | 前 10 家机构的机构收入集中度未披露 |
| 企业对冲者 | 企业资金部门和风险交易台 | 直接对冲通胀、天气和大宗商品波动风险 | 已在部分金融机构中实现早期商业采用 | 高毛利、黏性强的企业关系,且有定制化报告需求 | 经核实,活跃企业对冲交易量仍无法量化 |
| 嵌入式经纪合作伙伴 | 零售经纪商(如 Public) | 提供原生预测市场和自动化 AI 交易信号 | 触达经纪商全量用户,覆盖多元资产类别 | 可规模化、零获客成本的分销渠道,扩大订单簿触达 | 收入分成机制和合同排他条款未披露 |
| 企业合规客户 | 金融机构合规负责人 | 员工交易监控与重大非公开信息内幕交易监测 | 合作网络覆盖 Comply(5,000 多家客户企业)与 Star | 关键企业赋能方,推动机构参与获批 | Kalshi 直接取得的合规软件订阅收入未知 |
细分分类汇总自 Kalshi Institutional 文档、零售市场列表及已宣布的企业合作协议;零售留存率和合作方费用分成均属非公开信息。
[CU001, CU004, CU007, CU008, CU009]梳理 Kalshi 零售消费者和机构企业两个客群的入驻、激活、交易执行与留存触点。
旅程阶段刻画合作伙伴新闻稿、机构门户规范和交易所用户文档所记录的定性工作流机制。
[CU004, CU007, CU008, CU009]6.2 采用轨迹与使用规模
Kalshi 在 2025 和 2026 年经历了顶线交易量的指数式加速,驱动因素包括选举周期参与、职业体育市场和永续期货扩张 [CU002, CU006, CU007]。2026 年 4 月,Kalshi 与 Polymarket 合计交易量从 $1.8B 增至 $24.2B;更广泛的事件合约行业预计到 2030 年达到 $1T 年交易量 [CU002]。Kalshi 的机构门户报告超过 1,000 家机构客户、$500B 平台年化交易量、单日峰值交易量超过 $3.3B,以及 8,000 个活跃市场中的超过 10 亿笔年交易 [CU007]。不过,各市场的流动性明显偏斜:2028 年民主党总统候选人(交易量 $233.2M)和超级碗冠军(交易量 $165.1M)等旗舰政治和宏观系列占据大部分资金,而专业政策或立法合约的生命周期交易量常低于 $500,000 [CU001]。这种结构性交易量集中表明,平台使用仍高度依赖事件,需要持续的头条催化剂来维持高活跃参与率。
| 指标 | 披露值 | 时间 / 日期 | 主要来源 | 置信度 | 战略含义 | 缺失分母 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行业月度交易量 | $24.2 billion | 2026-04 | Roosevelt Institute / 行业研究 | 中 | 相较 2025 年 4 月头部平台的 $1.8B,同比扩大 13.4 倍 | Kalshi 与 Polymarket 之间的精确交易量拆分 |
| 行业 2030 年交易量预测 | $1.0 trillion | 2026-07 | Roosevelt Institute / 市场预测 | 中 | 预计下注和风险转移将结构性转向事件合约 | 联邦与州层面法律持续有效的底层假设 |
| 机构客户名单 | 1,000 多家客户 | 2026-10 | Kalshi Institutional | 中 | 验证平台已从纯零售交易所转向企业衍生品场所 | 各机构账户月度活跃交易量分布 |
| 平台年化交易量 | 年化 $500B 以上 | 2026-10 | Kalshi Institutional | 中 | 规模显著扩张,反映永续期货和事件合约的增长 | 经审计的平台交易费与净收入捕获率 |
| 单日峰值交易量 | $3.3B+ 交易量 | 2026-10 | Kalshi Institutional | 中 | 显示重大头条事件期间清算所吞吐能力很高 | 无重大催化剂日的可持续基准交易量 |
| 交易量增速 | 同比 20 倍 | 2026-10 | Kalshi Institutional | 中 | 体育市场和新资产类别推动交易量快速加速 | 同比获客成本与净收入增长 |
| 零售交易者累计亏损 | >$500 million | 2026-05 | Roosevelt Institute 分析 | 高 | 凸显悬殊的收益表现差异,威胁休闲零售用户留存 | 零售用户总毛存款与账户净存续曲线 |
| 美国市场份额 | 约 90% 美国份额 | 2026-06 | Global Gaming Insider / 运营商数据 | 中 | 在 CFTC 监管的美国本土预测交易所中占据主导 | 相对于离岸或加密竞争者的计算方法 |
数据反映运营商披露和独立政策分析;未经审计的平台运行速率未披露毛费率和 队列流失率。
[CU002, CU003, CU007]6.3 已知部署与合作伙伴集成
为深化获客并把订单簿嵌入第三方用户界面,Kalshi 推进了与消费者券商、全球体育品牌和合规科技供应商的战略分销合作 [CU003, CU004, CU009]。Public 于 2026 年 9 月上线预测市场 AI Agents,使其券商会员能够原生交易 Kalshi 事件合约,并把 Kalshi 实时市场概率作为股票和固定收益的自动化交易信号 [CU009]。在消费者体育领域,Kalshi 与 ADI Predictstreet 达成战略营销和产品协议;后者是 2026 年 FIFA 世界杯官方预测市场合作伙伴,双方在计划拓展国际市场的同时部署联合品牌体育场和数字激活 [CU003]。为降低企业端摩擦,Kalshi 将交易数据流接入 Comply 的监管软件,让超过 5,000 家合规客户企业能够监管员工在预测合约和加密永续期货上的交易 [CU004]。这些生产级关系建立了多元分销渠道并降低直接获客成本,但合作伙伴依赖也引入平台治理和目标一致性风险。
| 客户 / 合作伙伴 | 细分领域 | 部署 / 集成用例 | 状态 | 已验证结果 | 局限 / 尽调缺口 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public | 零售经纪 | 在用户投资组合中进行原生事件合约交易,并提供 AI Agent 信号 | 生产环境 | 借助集成经纪基础设施扩大零售可及性 | 经纪交易量和收入分成比例未公开 |
| ADI Predictstreet | 全球体育合作伙伴 | 2026 年 FIFA 世界杯联合品牌活动与共享市场中心 | 生产环境 | 在国际体育场馆中获取全球粉丝并提升品牌曝光 | 国际转化率与离岸博彩限制 |
| Comply | 企业合规 | 为金融机构集成员工交易监控软件 | 生产环境 | 让 5,000 多家客户企业监控预测市场和永续合约交易 | 实际清算员工交易的金融机构数量 |
| StarCompliance | 企业合规 | 跟踪员工预测市场活动的全球合规解决方案 | 生产环境 | 为机构客户企业提供自动化员工监控 | 企业软件集成采用率与商业定价模式 |
客户验证来自生产环境商业协议和基础设施集成,并已通过公开新闻稿及媒体披露核实。
[CU003, CU004, CU009]6.4 留存机制与零售亏损不对称
Kalshi 的客户持续性面临重大逆风,原因是零售参与者与机构流动性提供者之间存在结构性表现差异 [CU002, CU008]。Roosevelt Institute 的实证研究显示,从 2021 年 7 月上线到 2026 年 5 月,普通用户在 Kalshi 上亏损超过 $500M,亏损主要集中于体育博彩合约 [CU002]。预测平台上的零售交易者系统性跑输成熟做市商;后者使用自动定价算法和低延迟基础设施,攫取执行价差和错价收益 [CU002, CU008]。系统化宏观交易者可以利用相对经济基准的情绪偏差,实现稳定的两位数季度回报;自主零售参与者则经常获得负净回报 [CU008]。如果零售资本损耗导致休闲事件交易者快速流失,Kalshi 就必须依靠外部分销合作伙伴持续补充零售客户,或把平台交易量转向机构风险对冲。
6.5 图表与要点
07风险
7.1 监管与法律优先管辖权风险
Kalshi 持有商品期货交易委员会授予的指定合约市场牌照,并主张所有二元事件合约均属于《商品交易法》下联邦专属监管管辖。然而,州博彩委员会、检察长和主权部落国家强烈反驳联邦优先管辖权,认为它不能保护零售体育预测市场免受州赌博禁令约束。超过 19 起联邦诉讼及多起州法院案件正在审理体育事件合约究竟是可许可的金融衍生品还是非法无牌体育博彩。尽管 Kalshi 在明尼苏达州联邦法院获得初步禁令,阻止执行州预测市场禁令,其他辖区仍施加限制性制裁。最关键的是,纽约州检察长于 2026 年 7 月提起执法行动,要求没收全部利润、向消费者赔偿并处三倍法定罚金,金额可能达到数百亿美元。在密歇根已强制设置州级地理围栏、每天面临 50 万美元罚款,华盛顿又执行法院命令的禁用措施之际,Kalshi 面临可能瓦解全国零售运营模式的生存性法律割裂。[CR001, CR002, CR003, CR004, CR005, CR006, CR010, CR011]
| 规则 / 牌照 / 案件 | 司法辖区 | 状态 | 可能性 | 严重性 | 缓释措施 | 剩余风险敞口 | 尽调路径 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 纽约州总检察长诉讼(OAG v. KalshiEX) | 纽约州 | 活跃诉状(2026 年 7 月提交) | 高 | 严重 | CFTC 临时限制令动议与联邦优先权抗辩 | 潜在 36B 法定罚款风险、没收以及完全失去纽约市场准入 | 审阅纽约州最高法院案卷,并跟踪 CFTC 联邦介入程序 |
| 华盛顿州博彩禁令(State v. KalshiEX) | 华盛顿州 | 初步禁令已发布(2026 年 7 月) | 高 | 严重 | 对华盛顿州居民实施地理围栏;申请联邦移送并提起上诉挑战 | 完全排除华盛顿州的体育、政治和娱乐博彩市场 | 检查金县高等法院初步禁令裁定及地理围栏合规日志 |
| 密歇根博彩控制委员会行动(Nessel v. KalshiEX) | 密歇根州 | 初步禁令已执行(2026 年 9 月) | 高 | 高 | 在每日 500,000 美元罚款处罚下强制实施全州地理围栏 | 失去密歇根州体育博彩收入,并面临藐视法庭制裁风险 | 检查英厄姆县巡回法院合规文件及地理围栏审计轨迹 |
| 明尼苏达州预测市场法(US & Kalshi v. Ellison) | 明尼苏达联邦地区法院 | 初步禁令获准(2026 年 7 月) | 中 | 中 | 联邦法院禁令保护已向 CFTC 注册的 DCM 免受州刑事禁令影响 | 可能因第八巡回法院上诉或最高法院推翻 CEA 联邦优先权而受损 | 跟踪第八巡回法院上诉案卷及 CFTC 协调简报 |
截至 2026 年 10 月,主要法院案卷、总检察长文件及司法命令;严重性反映交易量的下行风险敞口。
[CR001, CR002, CR003, CR004, CR005, CR006]7.2 运营完整性与市场机制
除辖区诉讼外,Kalshi 还面临合约结算机制、市场完整性执法和客户开户合规方面的重大运营风险。与易变的地缘政治或体育事件挂钩的二元事件合约,经常考验结算条款的边界。2026 年初,伊朗最高领袖 Ali Khamenei 去世后,语法含混的合约规格引发广泛争议,Kalshi 被迫冻结五千四百万美元的交易量,并向用户退还 2.2M。市场监控和内幕交易防范也带来结构性挑战:联邦监管机构指控一名军人利用机密政府情报在政治预测市场进行内幕交易;多名高知名度公众人物则因试图操纵合约结算结果而被封禁和处罚。同时,激进的获客举措——包括历史上针对 18–20 岁大学生的校园大使活动——受到州消费者保护法的严格审查,带来声誉风险和更高合规成本。[CR008, CR012, CR014, CR015]
| 失效模式 | 可能性 | 严重性 | 缓释措施成熟度 | 剩余风险敞口 | 未解决缺口 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 合约结算歧义与预言机争议 | 中 | 高 | 中等 | 用户反弹、声誉受损,以及在事件含义不明时被迫暂停交易 | 缺乏针对非标准地缘政治事件的外部独立多预言机验证协议 |
| 重大非公开信息与内幕交易 | 中 | 高 | 早期 | CFTC 和 DOJ 刑事执法、平台交易禁令及合约取消资格 | 缺乏在消息泄露前识别政府内部人士协同下注的实时监控算法 |
| 结算延迟与扣留赔付款争议 | 低 | 中 | 中等 | 客户流失、社交媒体抵制及州消费者保护审查 | 高交易量体育赛事期间自动清算所对账延迟 |
| 未成年人访问与校园营销合规违规 | 高 | 高 | 早期 | 州监管机构针对面向 18 至 20 岁人群营销的诉讼 | 第三方联盟及校园大使监督机制仍不透明 |
截至 2026 年 10 月的平台内部规则、监管执法行动及已发布事故报告。
[CR008, CR012, CR014, CR015]7.3 合作伙伴集中度与收入持续性
Kalshi 的产品组合、分销管线和流动性架构存在严重战略集中。体育结果合约约占全部交易活动的九成,并贡献 2025 年平台总收入的 八成九,使公司现金流极易受到州级体育博彩禁令或《商品交易法》下不利上诉先例的冲击。在分销侧,Kalshi 高度依赖其作为 Robinhood Markets 预测市场中心后端执行基础设施的集成,以驱动零售获客和订单流。如果 Robinhood 因监管压力限制访问或拆分预测市场,Kalshi 的交易速度将大幅下降。此外,平台市场深度依赖机构流动性提供和与 Susquehanna 等量化交易公司的做市协议,覆盖数千个活跃市场。Kalshi 已开始向受 CFTC 监管的加密货币永续期货进行战略多元化,以进入主流机构衍生品市场,但相较成熟离岸场所,永续合约的商业势头仍处于早期且尚未验证。[CR007, CR009, CR010, CR013]
| 依赖项 | 交易对手方 | 角色 | 集中度 | 失效场景 | 严重性 | 缓释措施 | 剩余风险敞口 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 零售分销集成 | Robinhood Markets | 嵌入式预测市场中心基础设施 | 严重 | Robinhood 因监管压力下架事件合约或终止合作 | 严重 | 开发直达消费者的移动应用和机构 API | 零售订单流严重收缩,估值倍数压缩 |
| 做市与被动流动性 | Susquehanna 与量化做市商 | 为 8,000 个市场提供双边报价 | 高 | 市场波动剧烈或法律不确定性上升时,做市商撤出流动性 | 高 | 自动清算所激励层级与机构返佣结构 | 买卖价差扩大、执行滑点及用户流失 |
| 联邦监管许可 | 商品期货交易委员会(CFTC) | DCM 与 DCO 监管监督及专属管辖权抗辩 | 严重 | 领导层更替或联邦法律修订收窄事件合约定义 | 严重 | 通过积极诉讼捍卫 CEA 联邦优先权,并开展国会游说 | 核心体育合约根据 CEA 被重新归类为禁止博彩 |
| 媒体推广与赔率分发 | CNN、CNBC 与 Fox News | 主流媒体赔率集成与受众获取 | 中 | 州广告禁令出台后,广播机构下架预测市场赔率 | 中 | 多网络分销协议与数字广告多元化 | 品牌曝光和获客效率下降 |
截至 2026 年 10 月的商业协议、公开文件及合作伙伴披露;集中度反映战略交易量敞口。
[CR001, CR007, CR010, CR013]7.4 风险综合、终止条件与热力图
评估 Kalshi 的完整风险画像,可以看到一个不对称的风险回报方程:股权上行完全取决于联邦优先管辖权得到法律确认。在我们的分析框架下,首要投资逻辑破坏触发点,是巡回法院出现明确分歧或最高法院裁定体育事件合约依据州法属于非法博彩;这会立即消灭当前绝大部分交易收入。次级终止条件包括把地理围栏要求扩展到加利福尼亚或得克萨斯等高交易量州、Robinhood 单方面终止零售分销渠道,或足以危及公司偿付能力的惩罚性监管赔偿令。潜在投资者的确认性尽调必须绕开顶线交易量这一虚荣指标,严格关注逐州净收入贡献、法律准备金充足度,以及非体育产品线上的机构流动性承诺。[CR002, CR006, CR007, CR008, CR009, CR013]
跨职能风险矩阵,评估核心法律、运营和依赖关系风险的发生可能性、影响、缓释成熟度和残余严重程度。
风险评分和缓释评级综合截至 2026 年 10 月的司法初步认定、监管执法记录和市场结构披露。
[CR002, CR006, CR007, CR008, CR009, CR012, CR013]7.5 图表与要点
08估值
8.1 投资逻辑与反向逻辑
Kalshi 的核心投资逻辑建立在其独特监管地位之上:它是首个也是领先的受 CFTC 监管、专为零售事件合约打造的指定合约市场。Kalshi 把现实世界预测构造成在联邦监管下清算的二元衍生品,由此建立机构和零售合法性,推动年化交易量从 $52B 增至 $178B,并达到估计 $4B 的年化收入运行率,毛利率约 90%。与 Robinhood 等零售券商的分销合作证明了前所未有的消费者需求,把月度交易量推向 $17B。除此之外,联邦储备研究人员的同行评审分析确认,Kalshi 事件市场能产生传统金融调查无法复制、分布信息丰富且高频的宏观经济基准。 反向逻辑则集中于极端法律脆弱性和收入集中。Kalshi 把自己定位为联邦衍生品场所,但其顶线快速扩张很大程度由零售体育合约和串关式组合推动。州监管机构和检察长拒绝联邦优先管辖权论点,指控 Kalshi 经营无牌赌博场所。2026 年 9 月,密歇根获得初步禁令,要求对 Kalshi 体育投注严格设置地理围栏,违规每天罚款 $500,000;纽约州检察长则起诉要求完全停止运营并赔偿。如果联邦法院裁定事件合约不优先于州博彩法规,Kalshi 可能失去交易速度最高的零售辖区,引发交易量和估值倍数严重收缩。[CV001, CV002, CV003, CV004, CV007, CV008, CV013, CV014]
| 分析维度 | 投资论点 | 反方论点 | 改变判断的催化剂 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 监管许可护城河 | 向 CFTC 注册的联邦许可 DCM 赋予二元合约全国范围的合法性,也带来机构市场信誉。 | 纽约州和密歇根州总检察长拒绝联邦优先权,将事件合约作为无牌商业博彩起诉。 | 联邦上诉法院裁定或联邦法律澄清,确认 CFTC 对州博彩法拥有优先权。 |
| 交易量与规模化 | 年化交易量达到 $178B,周交易量超过 $1B,显示零售和机构产品获得大规模采用。 | 体育博彩和零售经纪商的交易量高度集中;若州级地理围栏成为强制要求,平台将容易受损。 | 非体育的宏观、经济和企业事件合约交易量持续扩大,超过平台总交易量的 50%。 |
| 财务模型与利润率 | 可规模化的交易所基础设施产生约 90% 毛利率,预计收入运行率为 $4B。 | 经审计的 FY2025 财务报表和经营净现金流仍未披露,运营烧钱和人力成本负担因此不透明。 | 发布独立审计结果,确认经营现金流为正,且扣除分销收入分成后单位经济模型可持续。 |
| 分销合作伙伴 | Robinhood 集成带来巨量零售流动性,使预测市场成为增长最快的金融科技产品之一。 | 平台高度依赖第三方经纪协议,协议可能被重新谈判、调整费用分成,或被内部竞品取代。 | 实现多经纪商多元化并推动零售应用交易量增长,将单一合作伙伴交易量降至 30% 以下。 |
综合比较商业表现指标与正在实施的州级执法行动得出。
[CV001, CV003, CV004, CV007, CV008, CV013, CV014]将监管护城河和市场规模与法律诉讼风险相对照,以确定投资建议。
| 节点 / 连接 | 节点 / 起点 | 终点 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 节点 1 | 联邦 DCM 监管牌照 [lic] | ||
| 节点 2 | 超高速增长交易量(年化 $178B) [vol] | ||
| 节点 3 | 高毛利率($4B 年化规模,约 90%) [mar] | ||
| 节点 4 | 州级法律禁令(纽约与密歇根诉讼) [inj] | ||
| 节点 5 | $2.8B 优先权悬置与估值过高 [val] | ||
| 节点 6 | 最终立场:继续研究 / 持有 [rec] | ||
| 连接 1 | 联邦 DCM 监管牌照 [lic] | 超高速增长交易量(年化 $178B) [vol] | |
| 连接 2 | 超高速增长交易量(年化 $178B) [vol] | 高毛利率($4B 年化规模,约 90%) [mar] | |
| 连接 3 | 高毛利率($4B 年化规模,约 90%) [mar] | 州级法律禁令(纽约与密歇根诉讼) [inj] | |
| 连接 4 | 州级法律禁令(纽约与密歇根诉讼) [inj] | $2.8B 优先权悬置与估值过高 [val] | |
| 连接 5 | $2.8B 优先权悬置与估值过高 [val] | 最终立场:继续研究 / 持有 [rec] |
按顺序概括决定建议立场的分析权衡。
[CV001, CV003, CV007, CV008, CV010]8.2 融资历史与资本结构背景
Kalshi 的融资轨迹是现代金融科技领域最陡峭的上升曲线之一。公司于 2025 年 12 月完成由 Paradigm 领投、估值 $11B 的 $1B E 轮融资,随后在 2026 年 5 月迅速完成由 Coatue Management 领投、估值 $22B 的 $1B F 轮融资,使已披露机构轮次的累计股权融资约达 $2.8B。 2026 年年中近期报道显示,Kalshi 正在积极敲定另一轮融资,预计 IPO 前估值约 $40B;Sequoia Capital 和 Wellington Management 等一线投资方参与其中。 然而,这种快速重估也带来显著的结构复杂性和估值悬置。累计约 $2.8B 的优先股堆叠意味着后期投资者持有大量清算优先权和结构性保护,而初级股权和普通股股东并不享有同等权利。私募估值从 2025 年年中 $2B 依次升至 $11B、$22B,并可能达到 $40B,意味着股权价格已计入监管顺利解决、交易量持续扩张等近乎完美的情景。由于无法公开取得经审计的 FY2025 财务数据或股权结构表的股份类别条款,投资者无法核实普通股每股内在价值或下轮融资转换比例。[CV002, CV005, CV006, CV009, CV010, CV011]
| 评估指标 | 尽调结论 | 决策含义 |
|---|---|---|
| 建议立场 | 继续研究(等待监管问题解决) | 在州博彩联邦优先权挑战获得最终法律结论前,拒绝按 $22B–$40B 估值购买新的私募二级股权。 |
| 置信度等级 | 中 | 收入运行率($4B)和融资轮次有充分事实支持,但经审计利润率和优先股堆叠的可见度有限。 |
| 风险评级 | 高 | 纽约州和密歇根州博彩诉讼带来严重的二元法律风险,并可能触发每日 $500,000 的法定执行罚款。 |
| 估值立场 | 偏高 | 估值在 11 个月内从 $2B 扩大至 $22B;$40B 轮融资讨论将无监管折价的体育扩张计入定价。 |
建议与风险评级综合了经核实的 Series E/F 融资文件、监管执法行动及披露的收入数据。
[CV002, CV007, CV008, CV010, CV011]8.3 情景分析与尽调关口
为评估 Kalshi 经风险调整后的回报画像,我们围绕 2026—2028 年构建乐观、基准和悲观估值情景。乐观情景下,联邦法院确认 CFTC 对州级博彩执法具有监管优先权;机构对宏观和大宗商品对冲合约的采用加速;Kalshi 成功以 $45B—$60B 估值 IPO,对应远期净收入 12x—15x 的溢价交易所倍数。基准情景下,各州诉讼持续拉锯,迫使 Kalshi 对数个关键司法辖区实施地理围栏;增长放缓至交易所平均水平,Kalshi 的合理估值为 $20B—$24B(远期年化运行率 5x—6x),大致相当于其 F 轮基准。 悲观情景下,密歇根、纽约或联邦上诉巡回法院作出不利裁决,剥夺 Kalshi 在体育赛事合约上的州法优先权,迫使公司大范围设置地理围栏并面临法定罚款。届时交易量将大幅收缩,零售经纪分销放缓,倍数压缩把企业价值降至 $8B—$10B,并严重稀释后期普通股。鉴于法律结果的二元分化,我们给出“继续研究”的总体建议,并评定风险高、估值偏紧;在投入成长资本前,必须明确核实股权结构表的分配瀑布和法律催化剂。[CV003, CV007, CV008, CV010, CV012, CV015, CV016]
| 情景 | 关键假设与驱动因素 | 隐含估值区间 | 下行 / 上行触发因素 | 概率信号 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乐观情景 | 联邦优先权获确认;体育和宏观市场覆盖全国;IPO 成功;毛利率维持 90%;收入 $5B 以上。 | $45.0B - $60.0B (12x - 15x 远期收入) | 上诉法院胜诉;Robinhood 续约;机构采用宏观基准。 | 25%(高上行空间取决于法律胜诉) |
| 基准情景 | 敌对司法辖区部分实施州级地理围栏;核心选举 / 宏观 / 天气市场保持完整;收入稳定在 $2.5B–$3.5B。 | $20.0B - $24.0B (6x - 8x 远期收入) | 州级诉讼旷日持久;合规法律费用造成利润率小幅压缩。 | 50%(反映当前 Series F 定价基准) |
| 悲观情景 | 州级禁令大范围叫停体育博彩;每日罚款严厉;分销分成扩大;收入降至 $1.5B 以下。 | $8.0B - $10.0B (4x - 5x 低迷收入) | 密歇根州 / NY 禁令获维持;零售流动性流失;优先权悬垂被抹除。 | 25%(州禁令带来实质性下行风险) |
情景模型根据当前交易所估值倍数和监管风险调整估算远期企业价值。
[CV002, CV007, CV008, CV010, CV012, CV015]8.4 展示材料
免责声明
本报告是基于公开证据的尽调快照,不构成投资建议。重要的财务、法律、技术和合同事实仍未公开,任何投资决策前都应直接向管理层及一手文件核实。
证据索引
| 编号 | 陈述 | 可信度 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO001 | Tarek Mansour and Luana Lopes Lara founded Kalshi in 2018. | 中 | SO009, SO010, SO011 |
| CO002 | Kalshi is headquartered in Manhattan, New York City. | 中 | SO004, SO009, SO010 |
| CO003 | Public leadership records identify Tarek Mansour as co-founder and CEO and Luana Lopes Lara as co-founder and COO. | 中 | SO009, SO010 |
| CO004 | Kalshi's public platform launched in July 2021. | 中 | SO010 |
| CO005 | Kalshi's exchange model lets participants trade peer-to-peer contracts on yes-or-no outcomes of real-world events. | 中 | SO004, SO006 |
| CO006 | Kalshi operates an exchange and clearinghouse under CFTC oversight, with a secondary history dating its designated-contract-market license to November 2020. | 高 | SO006, SO010 |
| CO007 | Kalshi's institutional site claims more than 1,000 institutional clients, more than $500 billion of annualized volume, and more than 8,000 live markets. | 中 | SO006 |
| CO008 | Independent reports describe a Series F of more than $1 billion led by Coatue at a $22 billion valuation, with Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, IVP, Paradigm, Morgan Stanley, and ARK Invest participating. | 中 | SO003, SO004, SO008 |
| CO009 | Yahoo Finance reported that the financing doubled Kalshi's valuation from $11 billion in December 2025 to $22 billion. | 中 | SO003, SO004 |
| CO010 | Dealroom reported in May 2026 that annualized revenue had surpassed $1.5 billion while annualized trading volume had risen from $52 billion to $178 billion over six months. | 中 | SO004 |
| CO011 | Dealroom reported that sports markets accounted for nearly 90% of Kalshi's 2025 revenue. | 中 | SO004, SO010 |
| CO012 | A Massachusetts lower court enjoined Kalshi's sports markets in January 2026, and Dealroom reported that the appeal remained pending after a May 2026 hearing. | 中 | SO003, SO004, SO010 |
| CO013 | Kalshi announced U.S. crypto perpetual futures on May 29, 2026, subject to regulatory reviews. | 中 | SO005, SO010 |
| CO014 | Tradeweb launched a dedicated Kalshi pricing page for U.S. institutional clients on June 24, 2026 and disclosed that it is a minority investor in Kalshi. | 中 | SO011 |
| CO015 | Bitcoin Magazine reported in June 2026 that Kalshi's annualized revenue had crossed $2 billion and that early IPO discussions contemplated no listing before late 2027 or 2028. | 中 | SO008 |
| CO016 | Current assigned sources show Kalshi offering short-duration foreign-exchange markets, public-company KPI forecasts, SEC-rule prediction markets, event contracts, and perpetual futures. | 高 | SO001, SO002, SO005, SO006, SO007 |
| CM001 | Kalshi's core event product uses a quote-driven order book for binary contracts priced from 1 to 99 cents, with $1 awarded to the correct side at settlement. | 中 | SM001 |
| CM002 | Kalshi was approved as a CFTC designated contract market in 2020, while regulation had previously limited the event scope and stake size of U.S. prediction markets. | 中 | SM001 |
| CM003 | Kalshi claims more than $500 billion of annualized platform volume and 20-fold year-over-year volume growth. | 中 | SM005 |
| CM004 | Kalshi claims more than 8,000 live markets and one billion annual trades. | 中 | SM005 |
| CM005 | Kalshi claims more than 1,000 institutional clients. | 中 | SM005 |
| CM006 | Kalshi markets institutional use cases spanning hedging, price discovery, directional trading, market making, arbitrage, and data. | 中 | SM005 |
| CM007 | Kalshi announced planned U.S. crypto perpetual futures subject to regulatory review, excluded agricultural commodity perpetuals, and cited growth in offshore perpetual volume from $28 trillion in 2023 to more than $90 trillion in 2025. | 中 | SM004 |
| CM008 | VNTR argues that prediction-market liquidity can consolidate around a small number of venues because additional participation makes a platform more attractive to subsequent users. | 中 | SM003 |
| CM009 | VNTR reported more than $1 billion of weekly Kalshi trading volume and 1,000% year-over-year volume growth in its 2025 investor analysis. | 中 | SM003 |
| CM010 | A CryptoRank article reported $100 billion of annual Kalshi trading volume and a 400% increase from the prior year, without defining the exact measurement window in the fetched text. | 低 | SM002 |
| CM011 | Trading volume counts all matched transactions, including position exits and repeated trading, and therefore is not equivalent to customer handle. | 中 | SM008 |
| CM012 | Sporttrade's competitor-authored analysis applies its 5%-20% internal golf volume-to-handle range to $87 million of Kalshi Masters volume to estimate $4 million to $17 million of customer risk. | 低 | SM008 |
| CM013 | CEPR's analysis of more than 300,000 Kalshi contracts found favorite-longshot bias, an average pre-fee contract return of minus 20%, and average losses of almost 32% for takers versus about 10% for makers. | 中 | SM001 |
| CM014 | New York sued Kalshi in July 2026 for allegedly operating an unlicensed gambling business and sought an operating stop, fines, forfeiture, and user restitution. | 中 | SM006 |
| CM015 | Michigan obtained a preliminary injunction in September 2026 requiring Kalshi to geofence sports contracts, with a stated $500,000-per-day penalty for violations. | 中 | SM007 |
| CM016 | The assigned public evidence does not support a defensible U.S. event-contract SAM or Kalshi SOM because it lacks aligned product and geographic volume, customer spend, fee revenue, and active-account denominators. | 中 | SM002, SM003, SM005, SM008 |
| CP001 | The prediction market sector generated $50.25 billion in total trading volume in 2025, with Kalshi and Polymarket capturing over 97.5% of the aggregate market share. | 中 | SP003 |
| CP002 | Kalshi operates as a federally regulated Designated Contract Market (DCM) and derivatives clearinghouse overseen by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. | 高 | SP002, SP005, SP007 |
| CP003 | Alternative prediction platforms serve differentiated use cases, ranging from real-money event trading to virtual play-money forecasting and reputation-scored tournaments. | 中 | SP001 |
| CP004 | Polymarket operates a central limit order book on the Polygon blockchain internationally and a CFTC-regulated USD-settled platform for domestic U.S. users. | 中 | SP001, SP003 |
| CP005 | Monthly trading volume across prediction markets expanded from $1.2 billion in early 2025 to over $20 billion in January 2026. | 中 | SP003 |
| CP006 | Kalshi reported a record trading year in 2025 with $23.8 billion in nominal volume, representing a 1,108% year-over-year increase. | 中 | SP003 |
| CP007 | PredictIt operates under a CFTC no-action letter with contract investment caps of $3,500 and a 10% fee on realized profits. | 中 | SP001, SP003 |
| CP008 | Manifold Markets utilizes non-convertible virtual currency (Mana) for social forecasting, while Metaculus uses continuous probability scoring for research calibration. | 中 | SP001, SP003 |
| CP009 | Kalshi expanded beyond event contracts into perpetual futures in May 2026, targeting institutional crypto risk management under CFTC oversight. | 高 | SP004, SP005 |
| CP010 | Kalshi applies a probability-weighted taker fee peaking at 1.75% for 50/50 contracts, while maker fees are 25% of the taker rate or 0% for resting limit orders. | 中 | SP003, SP007 |
| CP011 | Polymarket charges dynamic taker fees of 0.75% on sports and 1.80% on crypto markets, while keeping geopolitical event contracts fee-free. | 中 | SP003 |
| CP012 | PredictIt removed its previous 5% withdrawal fee as of a September 2026 product notice, but maintains a 10% commission on trading profits. | 中 | SP001, SP003 |
| CP013 | New York Attorney General Letitia James and Governor Kathy Hochul sued Kalshi in July 2026, alleging it operates an illegal gambling business and seeking treble damages. | 高 | SP006, SP007 |
| CP014 | Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel obtained a preliminary injunction in September 2026 halting Kalshi's sports wagers with a $500,000 daily penalty for non-compliance. | 高 | SP008, SP007 |
| CP015 | Kalshi's integration with Robinhood expands its retail distribution to funded brokerage accounts, creating an embedded channel moat. | 中 | SP001, SP003 |
| CI001 | Kalshi monetizes through an exchange model that matches buyers and sellers without taking balance-sheet inventory or opposing positions. | 高 | SI004, SI007 |
| CI002 | Kalshi charges a maker-taker fee structure where liquidity-providing makers incur no fees and takers pay a variable per-contract fee peaking at 50 cents. | 高 | SI004, SI007 |
| CI003 | Kalshi's formula for taker fees on standard event contracts scaled as $0.07 * P * (1 - P), yielding maximum fees near 50% probability. | 中 | SI004 |
| CI004 | Kalshi earns float revenue on customer funds held in segregated accounts while offering yields to incentivize deposits. | 中 | SI006 |
| CI005 | Kalshi expanded into CFTC-regulated crypto perpetual futures in May 2026, creating a high-volume non-event derivatives revenue line. | 高 | SI001, SI006 |
| CI006 | Kalshi net revenue increased from approximately $24M in 2024 to approximately $260M in 2025, exiting 2025 on a $600M to $700M annualized run-rate. | 中 | SI005, SI006 |
| CI007 | Robinhood distribution accounted for more than 50% of Kalshi's trading volume during peak periods under a per-contract fee split. | 中 | SI005, SI006 |
| CI008 | Sports event contracts generated between 75% and 87% of Kalshi's fee-generating trading volume. | 中 | SI005, SI006 |
| CI009 | Kalshi processed over $1 billion in daily trading volume during major 2026 sports tournaments including the World Cup. | 中 | SI006, SI008 |
| CI010 | Robinhood acquired CFTC-licensed exchange and clearinghouse MIAXdx in January 2026, posing channel disintermediation risk to Kalshi. | 中 | SI006 |
| CI011 | Kalshi launched in-house clearinghouse Kalshi Klear LLC in March 2026, reducing settlement costs and enabling direct margin control. | 中 | SI006 |
| CI012 | The New York Attorney General sued Kalshi seeking forfeiture of all illegal gains, user restitution, and treble fines for operating an unlicensed gambling platform. | 高 | SI003, SI005 |
| CI013 | Multiple state attorneys general and gaming commissions allege Kalshi sports event contracts violate state sports betting acts. | 高 | SI003, SI005 |
| CI014 | Kalshi raised approximately $1B to $1.5B in a Series F primary financing round at a $22 billion valuation in April-May 2026 led by Coatue. | 中 | SI005, SI006 |
| CI015 | Private secondary market shares for Kalshi traded around a 12% discount to its $22B primary valuation amid soft secondary buyer demand. | 中 | SI005 |
| CI016 | Kalshi's annualized revenue run-rate was estimated to exceed $4 billion in July 2026 as the company explored financing at up to a $40 billion valuation. | 中 | SI006, SI008 |
| CE001 | Kalshi implements an off-chain Central Limit Order Book (CLOB) matching engine with centralized order book management supporting limit and market orders. | 中 | SE002 |
| CE002 | Kalshi's binary event contracts operate on central limit order books where complementary positions strictly satisfy YES + NO = $1.00. | 中 | SE002 |
| CE003 | Kalshi's technical infrastructure is built on Amazon Web Services (AWS) utilizing Kubernetes, Terraform, RDS, and Apache Kafka for event-driven messaging and trading feeds. | 中 | SE005 |
| CE004 | Kalshi operates two distinct entities fully regulated by the CFTC: a Designated Contract Market (DCM) exchange and a registered clearinghouse. | 高 | SE004, SE007 |
| CE005 | Kalshi's off-chain architecture executes order matching in single-digit milliseconds and position updates in less than 15 milliseconds, though it does not reach microsecond high-frequency trading speeds. | 中 | SE002 |
| CE006 | Markets on Kalshi are structured in a defined hierarchy from series to events to individual markets, resolving according to strict settlement rules. | 中 | SE004 |
| CE007 | Kalshi launched CFTC-regulated crypto perpetual futures in May 2026 featuring eight-hour dynamic funding rates, expanding beyond binary event contracts. | 高 | SE001, SE006 |
| CE008 | Kalshi exposes both Predictions and Perps APIs supporting REST, WebSocket, and FIX protocols alongside official Python and JavaScript/TypeScript SDKs. | 高 | SE001, SE002, SE004 |
| CE009 | Kalshi provides sandbox demo environments and formal OpenAPI and AsyncAPI specification downloads for both Predictions and Perps integrations. | 中 | SE001 |
| CE010 | Institutional trading connectivity on Kalshi supports the standard FIX protocol to deliver the lowest-latency programmatic order routing and execution reports. | 高 | SE001, SE002, SE004 |
| CE011 | Kalshi's institutional platform reports over 1,000 institutional clients, $500B+ annualized volume, and more than 8,000 live trading markets. | 中 | SE007 |
| CE012 | Kalshi settles trades off-chain in fiat USD via centralized databases and traditional banking rails including ACH transfers and wire disbursements. | 中 | SE002 |
| CE013 | Elwood US integrated connectivity to Kalshi in 2026, allowing institutional quant funds and macro desks to model binary event risk, carry premium, and execute via algorithmic order slicing. | 中 | SE003 |
| CE014 | CFTC regulatory compliance mandates full KYC/AML identity verification for all Kalshi users and has historically excluded residents of eight U.S. states. | 中 | SE002 |
| CE015 | The New York Attorney General sued Kalshi in July 2026 alleging the platform operates an illegal, unlicensed gambling enterprise and improperly permits underage trading. | 中 | SE008 |
| CE016 | State-level legal challenges from New York and gaming regulators assert that event contracts outside CFTC preemption constitute illegal sports betting and gambling. | 中 | SE008 |
| CU001 | Kalshi lists event contracts spanning elections, politics, pro sports, economics, and culture, with flagship event series exceeding $100M in trading volume while niche policy contracts trade under $500K. | 中 | SU001 |
| CU002 | Combined monthly trading volume on Kalshi and Polymarket expanded from $1.8 billion to $24.2 billion in April 2026, while ordinary Kalshi users lost over $500 million between July 2021 and May 2026. | 中 | SU002 |
| CU003 | Kalshi partnered with ADI Predictstreet for 2026 FIFA World Cup co-branding activations, in-stadium marketing, and international platform expansion while maintaining an estimated 90% US prediction market share. | 中 | SU003 |
| CU004 | Kalshi partnered with compliance software provider Comply to enable more than 5,000 client firms to monitor employee trading activity across event contracts and perpetual futures. | 中 | SU004 |
| CU005 | Kalshi introduced CFTC-regulated perpetual futures on cryptocurrencies in May 2026 to expand beyond binary event contracts and serve institutional derivatives traders. | 高 | SU006, SU007 |
| CU006 | Offshore perpetual futures volume expanded to over $90 trillion in 2025, representing an addressable market expansion driver for Kalshi's onshore regulated exchange. | 中 | SU006 |
| CU007 | Kalshi Institutional reports over 1,000 institutional clients, $500 billion in annualized volume, peak single-day volume exceeding $3.3 billion, and 1 billion annual trades. | 中 | SU007 |
| CU008 | A Q2 2026 case study showed systematic macro traders achieved positive returns by modeling mispriced economic releases, while discretionary sentiment traders suffered net losses. | 中 | SU005 |
| CU009 | Public partnered with Kalshi to launch AI Agents for Prediction Markets, providing retail brokerage members direct access to Kalshi event contracts and market probability signals. | 中 | SU008 |
| CU010 | Kalshi formed a partnership with StarCompliance in June 2026 to offer client firms automated monitoring of employee prediction market transactions. | 高 | SU003, SU004 |
| CU011 | Kalshi's retail trading losses are heavily concentrated in sports betting contracts, reflecting aggressive expansion into sports event contracts since late 2025. | 中 | SU002 |
| CU012 | Institutional market participants on Kalshi engage in price discovery, directional trading, passive market making, and direct event hedging. | 中 | SU007 |
| CR001 | Kalshi is registered with the CFTC as a Designated Contract Market authorized to trade futures and swaps, including binary event contracts. | 高 | SR005, SR010 |
| CR002 | Over nineteen federal lawsuits are pending across the country concerning whether Kalshi's sports event contracts are preempted by the Commodity Exchange Act or subject to state gaming laws. | 高 | SR002, SR007 |
| CR003 | Federal Judge Katherine Menendez preliminarily enjoined Minnesota officials from enforcing the state's prediction market ban against CFTC-registered designated contract markets. | 中 | SR001 |
| CR004 | New York Attorney General Letitia James sued Kalshi in July 2026 alleging unlicensed gambling and seeking forfeiture of profits, consumer restitution, and treble penalties. | 中 | SR003 |
| CR005 | Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel obtained a preliminary injunction requiring Kalshi to maintain geofencing blocking Michigan residents from sports betting contracts under penalty of a 500,000 dollar per day fine. | 中 | SR004 |
| CR006 | A Washington state court ordered Kalshi to geofence Washington residents out of contracts involving sports, politics, and entertainment following an enforcement lawsuit by the state attorney general. | 高 | SR002, SR006 |
| CR007 | Sports betting contracts accounted for approximately ninety percent of Kalshi platform activity and eighty-nine percent of revenue in 2025. | 高 | SR007, SR009 |
| CR008 | Kalshi froze 54 million dollars in trades and reimbursed users 2.2 million dollars following ambiguous market settlement terms on a contract predicting whether Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei would leave office. | 中 | SR009 |
| CR009 | Kalshi launched CFTC-regulated perpetual futures on cryptocurrencies in May 2026 to expand beyond binary event contracts into continuous financial derivatives. | 高 | SR008, SR010 |
| CR010 | CFTC regulations prohibit Designated Contract Markets from listing futures contracts involving gaming, terrorism, assassination, or unlawful activities. | 高 | SR005, SR007 |
| CR011 | Eight state gambling commissions and Indian tribes have filed lawsuits against Kalshi alleging operation of an unlicensed sports gambling platform. | 中 | SR007 |
| CR012 | CFTC and Justice Department enforcement actions charged an active-duty military sergeant with insider trading on prediction markets using classified government operational data. | 中 | SR002 |
| CR013 | Kalshi relies on institutional market makers and liquidity providers across more than eight thousand live markets with over one billion annual trades. | 中 | SR010 |
| CR014 | Kalshi settled disputes over delayed payouts on winning NFL bets in January 2026 after public criticism from gambling industry analysts. | 中 | SR009 |
| CR015 | Washington state's lawsuit alleges Kalshi recruited college student influencers to expand its user base to individuals between eighteen and twenty-one years old. | 高 | SR006, SR009 |
| CV001 | Kalshi operates as the largest federally regulated prediction market exchange overseen by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. | 高 | SV001, SV003 |
| CV002 | Kalshi raised a $1 billion Series F funding round in May 2026 led by Coatue Management at a $22 billion valuation. | 中 | SV003, SV006 |
| CV003 | Kalshi reported annualized trading volume expanding from $52 billion to $178 billion over a six-month period. | 中 | SV003, SV004 |
| CV004 | Federal Reserve Board working paper analysis determined that Kalshi event markets provide continuously updated, distributionally rich benchmarks for macroeconomic expectations. | 中 | SV001 |
| CV005 | Kalshi announced a $1 billion Series E funding round in December 2025 led by Paradigm at an $11 billion valuation. | 高 | SV002, SV007 |
| CV006 | Kalshi raised a $300 million Series D financing round at a reported $5 billion valuation approximately one month prior to its Series E. | 中 | SV007 |
| CV007 | New York Governor Kathy Hochul and Attorney General Letitia James sued Kalshi for running an illegal, unlicensed gambling operation in New York. | 中 | SV005 |
| CV008 | Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel obtained a preliminary injunction requiring Kalshi to geofence Michigan residents from sports betting contracts under threat of a $500,000 daily fine. | 中 | SV009 |
| CV009 | Kalshi has accumulated approximately $2.8 billion in total equity capital across disclosed institutional funding rounds. | 中 | SV003, SV006 |
| CV010 | Kalshi is in discussions to finalize a new funding round valuing the company at approximately $40 billion ahead of an anticipated initial public offering. | 高 | SV004, SV008 |
| CV011 | Kalshi achieved an annualized revenue run rate of approximately $4 billion with gross margins of around 90% as of August 2026. | 中 | SV008 |
| CV012 | Kalshi's baseline valuation multiple reflects an enterprise value of $20 billion to $24 billion based on 5x to 6x forward annualized revenue run-rates. | 中 | SV003, SV008 |
| CV013 | Robinhood distribution accounts for more than half of Kalshi's total trading volume during peak event trading windows. | 中 | SV003 |
| CV014 | Kalshi's weekly trading volume surpassed $1 billion following broad retail and institutional adoption of real-world event contracts. | 高 | SV002, SV007 |
| CV015 | A bear-case legal outcome invalidating CFTC preemption over state gaming laws would compress Kalshi's valuation to $8 billion to $10 billion. | 中 | SV005, SV009 |
| CV016 | A bull-case legal and commercial scenario with full preemption and IPO execution supports an enterprise valuation range of $45 billion to $60 billion. | 中 | SV004, SV008 |
| 编号 | 出版方 | 标题 | 引文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| SO001 | Kalshi | 15 Min Financials Odds & Predictions 2026 | EUR/USD Up or Down – 15 minutes Oct 6, 11:30PM ET |
| SO002 | Kalshi | Public Companies Hub | Forecasts on quarterly KPIs, live earnings calls, and more |
| SO003 | Yahoo Finance | Kalshi's Valuation Doubles To $22 Billion In New Funding Round | The company raised more than $1 billion U.S. in a funding round led by Coatue Management. The round doubled the value of Kalshi from $11 billion U.S. achieved in December 2025. |
| SO004 | Dealroom | Kalshi raises $1B, hits $22B valuation and $1.5B ARR as legal battle looms | Kalshi, the New York-based prediction markets platform, has raised $1B in a Series F round led by Coatue Management at a $22B valuation — roughly double its $11B valuation from five months ago. |
| SO005 | Kalshi | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | Perpetual futures are Kalshi's most significant product expansion since the introduction of event contracts and reinforce the company's position as a full-service financial exchange. |
| SO006 | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi operates two entities that are fully regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). |
| SO007 | Briefs Finance | Kalshi Odds On The SEC Ending Quarterly Earnings Just Jumped To 73% | Before Tuesday, Kalshi traders gave the rule a 46% chance of passing by April 2027. After the SEC's move, those odds shot to 73%. |
| SO008 | Bitcoin Magazine | Prediction Market Kalshi Eyes IPO As Revenue Hits $2 Billion | Kalshi’s annualized revenue has crossed $2 billion — triple its November 2025 figure — after spikes in trading tied to the NBA playoffs and the FIFA World Cup drove volume to record levels. |
| SO009 | Unify | Who is the CEO of Kalshi in 2026? Tarek Mansour | Tarek Mansour co-founded Kalshi in 2018 and has led it as CEO ever since. |
| SO010 | Wikipedia | Kalshi | The site was publicly launched in July 2021. |
| SO011 | Tradeweb | Tradeweb Expands Kalshi Prediction Market Data, Index into Institutional Trading Workflows | The launch marks the first phase of Tradeweb’s previously announced strategic partnership with Kalshi and comes as investors increasingly seek additional sources of information to navigate market volatility, geopolitical uncertainty and rapidly evolving market conditions. |
| SM001 | Centre for Economic Policy Research | The economics of the Kalshi prediction market | We analyse over 300,000 contracts and their outcomes, obtained from Kalshi’s application programming interface (API). While contract prices broadly reflect their probability of winning, we find that cheap contracts win less often than their price suggests and more expensive contracts win slightly more often. |
| SM002 | CryptoRank | Kalshi Trading Volume Skyrockets to $100 Billion | The $100 billion annual trading volume represents a 400% increase from Kalshi’s previous year’s performance, according to regulatory filings reviewed by financial analysts. |
| SM003 | VNTR Media | The Predictions Market Arms Race: Why Investors Are Pouring Billions Into Kalshi and Polymarket | Prediction markets depend on liquidity, and liquidity tends to consolidate around a small number of venues. The more participants trade on a platform, the more attractive it becomes for others—creating conditions that could favor a winner-take-most outcome. |
| SM004 | Kalshi | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | Offshore perpetuals have grown from $28 trillion in annual volume in 2023 to over $90 trillion in 2025, making them one of the fastest-growing asset classes ever — and one that has been entirely closed off to American institutions until now. |
| SM005 | Kalshi | Kalshi Institutional | 1,000+Institutional clients ... $500B+Annualized volume ... 20xYear-over-year volume growth ... 8,000+Live markets ... 1B+Annual trades |
| SM006 | New York State Office of the Attorney General | Governor Hochul and Attorney General James Announce New York Has Sued Kalshi for Running Illegal Gambling Operation | The lawsuit is seeking a court order stopping Kalshi from operating as an unlicensed gambling business and requiring the company to pay fines, forfeit all illegal gains, and pay restitution to users. |
| SM007 | Michigan Department of Attorney General | AG Nessel Secures Second Order Halting Unlawful Kalshi Sports Wagers in Michigan | The preliminary injunction requires Kalshi to maintain geofencing to block Michigan residents and those within Michigan’s borders from having access to its illegal sports betting contracts. Violations of the order would result in a $500,000 per day fine. |
| SM008 | The Closing Line | The Early Line: Understanding Kalshi Trading Volume vs. Sports Betting Handle | At Sporttrade, where handle is tracked (and taxed: we pay 0.25% of each dollar of handle as Federal Excise Tax), we’ve historically found that only 5% to 20% of golf trading volume translates to handle, due to the behaviors described above. |
| SP001 | Alphascope | Apps Like Kalshi: Compare Trading and Forecasting Platforms | Apps like Kalshi serve different jobs. Some let you trade event contracts with money; others let you submit probability forecasts or trade with play money. |
| SP002 | Kalshi | Kalshi - Prediction Market for Trading the Future | Trading on Kalshi involves risk and may not be appropriate for all. Members risk losing their cost to enter any transaction, including fees. You should carefully consider whether trading on Kalshi is appropriate for you in light of your investment experience and financial resources. Any trading decisions you make are solely your responsibility and at your own risk. Information is provided for convenience only on an "AS IS" basis. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. Kalshi is subject to U.S. regulatory oversight by the CFTC. |
| SP003 | Bleap Finance | Best Prediction Market Platforms in 2026: Compare Kalshi, Polymarket & More | In 2025, the prediction market sector reached a total trading volume of $50.25 billion, with Kalshi and Polymarket dominating the landscape by capturing over 97.5% of the market share. |
| SP004 | Kalshi News | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | Perpetual futures are Kalshi's most significant product expansion since the introduction of event contracts and reinforce the company's position as a full-service financial exchange. |
| SP005 | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi operates two entities that are fully regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). This is the same regulator that oversees traditional exchanges including the Chicago Mercantile Group (CME), the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), and Cboe. |
| SP006 | Office of the New York State Attorney General | Governor Hochul and Attorney General James Announce New York Has Sued Kalshi for Running Illegal Gambling Operation | In the lawsuit filed today, OAG is asking the court to order Kalshi to forfeit all illegal gains, distribute restitution to consumers who were harmed, and pay fines equal to three times the gains the company made through its illegal actions. |
| SP007 | DayTrading.com | What Active Traders Should Know First | KalshiEX LLC (a subsidiary of the parent holding corporation, Kalshi Inc) is a CFTC-regulated exchange (a Designated Contract Market), making it the first federally regulated event-contract exchange in the US, alongside big names like CME and ICE. |
| SP008 | Michigan Department of Attorney General | AG Nessel Secures Second Order Halting Unlawful Kalshi Sports Wagers in Michigan | The preliminary injunction requires Kalshi to maintain geofencing to block Michigan residents and those within Michigan’s borders from having access to its illegal sports betting contracts. Violations of the order would result in a $500,000 per day fine. |
| SI001 | Kalshi | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | Perpetual futures are Kalshi's most significant product expansion since the introduction of event contracts and reinforce the company's position as a full-service financial exchange. |
| SI002 | Kalshi | Kalshi Institutional | 1,000+Institutional clients $500B+Annualized volume $3.3B+Peak one-day volume |
| SI003 | New York State Attorney General | Governor Hochul and Attorney General James Announce New York Has Sued Kalshi for Running Illegal Gambling Operation | In the lawsuit filed today, OAG is asking the court to order Kalshi to forfeit all illegal gains, distribute restitution to consumers who were harmed, and pay fines equal to three times the gains the company made through its illegal actions. |
| SI004 | George Washington University Center for Economic Research | Makers or Takers: The Economics of the Kalshi Prediction Market | During the period corresponding to our sample, Kalshi charged a per-contract fee to people accepting offers (Takers) of...where P is the price in dollars, rounding the total up to the nearest cent. They did not charge fees to Makers, i.e. people who posted limit orders that sat in the order book waiting to be matched. |
| SI005 | Hustle Fund Angel Squad | Kalshi Pre-IPO Shares: What Accredited Investors Should Know in 2026 | Revenue grew from about $24 million in 2024 to about $260 million in 2025, and exited the year on an annualized pace of $600 million to $700 million as volume surged. |
| SI006 | Sacra | Kalshi revenue, valuation & funding | Sacra estimates that Kalshi hit $4B in annualized revenue in July 2026, up from roughly $735M in December 2025 and approximately $25M in December 2024. |
| SI007 | Allium | Kalshi Valuation: How a Prediction Market Is Priced | A market is listed. Kalshi creates a yes-or-no contract on a defined outcome with clear settlement rules stating exactly what makes it resolve yes. Traders take positions. Buyers and sellers meet on the exchange's order book. |
| SI008 | Venture Forward Foundation (VFF) | Kalshi Doubles Revenue to $4B Run Rate, Eyes $40B Valuation | Kalshi's annualized revenue doubled to over $4 billion in July from a $2 billion pace two months prior |
| SE001 | Kalshi | Introduction - API Documentation | This documentation covers the Kalshi Exchange API for real-time market data and trade execution |
| SE002 | SoftwareSeni | Kalshi vs Polymarket Platform Architecture Comparison for Developers Building Prediction Market Integrations - SoftwareSeni | Kalshi implements fully off-chain CLOB matching with centralised order book management. It’s traditional exchange architecture supporting limit orders, market orders, and FIX protocol for institutional trading. |
| SE003 | Elwood Technologies | Elwood | Insights - Kalshi for institutional desks: prediction markets on Elwood | The Elwood US platform will soon be adding connectivity to Kalshi, the CFTC-regulated prediction market, for eligible institutional clients accessing the venue through their own clearing membership. |
| SE004 | Interexy | How to create a platform like Kalshi | Interexy | Kalshi operates as a CFTC-designated contract market (DCM). That is not just branding — it signals operational, compliance, and credibility layers that sit far beyond UI or API integration. |
| SE005 | DevOps Projects HQ | Infrastructure Engineer at Kalshi | Deep familiarity with AWS, Kubernetes, Terraform, RDS, Kafka, load balancing, etc. |
| SE006 | Kalshi | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | Perpetual futures are Kalshi's most significant product expansion since the introduction of event contracts and reinforce the company's position as a full-service financial exchange. |
| SE007 | Kalshi | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi operates two entities that are fully regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). This is the same regulator that oversees traditional exchanges including the Chicago Mercantile Group (CME), the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), and Cboe. |
| SE008 | New York State Attorney General | Governor Hochul and Attorney General James Announce New York Has Sued Kalshi for Running Illegal Gambling Operation | An investigation by the Office of the Attorney General (OAG) found that Kalshi’s prediction market is an illegal, unlicensed gambling operation. Kalshi’s illegal prediction market exposes New Yorkers – including those under the legal gambling age of 21 – to serious personal and financial risk. |
| SU001 | Kalshi | Kalshi - Prediction Market for Trading the Future | Kalshi is subject to U.S. regulatory oversight by the CFTC. |
| SU002 | Roosevelt Institute | Since Kalshi's Launch, Ordinary Users Have Lost Half a Billion Dollars | Our first-of-its-kind analysis of data on Kalshi, now the largest prediction market in the United States, found that ordinary users of the platform have lost more than half a billion dollars from its launch in July 2021 to May 2026. What’s more, when retail traders made money, it was mostly on a small number of the largest wagers. |
| SU003 | Global Gaming Insider | Kalshi partners with ADI Predictstreet for co-branding activations at 2026 FIFA World Cup | Kalshi has agreed to a new strategic branding and product partnership with ADI Predictstreet, the Official Prediction Market Partner of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, to help expand the industry’s footprint and provide the operator with co-branded marketing opportunities. |
| SU004 | CNBC | Kalshi strikes partnership with compliance tech firm to help companies police insider trading | Kalshi will announce a new partnership with compliance technology company Comply on Tuesday, the company told CNBC exclusively. |
| SU005 | PredictEngine | Kalshi Trading Case Study: Real Results for Q2 2026 | Kalshi's regulated event contracts gave traders a rare edge in Q2 2026 |
| SU006 | Kalshi | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | NEW YORK, NY — May 29, 2026 — Kalshi, the next-generation financial market, today announced the launch of perpetual futures contracts, making Kalshi the first company in American history to offer perpetuals. U.S. investors will soon be able to access crypto perpetual futures on Kalshi's platform, fully regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). |
| SU007 | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi Institutional | Trade as a business, institution, or entity |
| SU008 | Kalshi | Public adds Kalshi prediction markets for AI investing | Public, the world’s first agentic brokerage, today announced the launch of AI Agents for Prediction Markets, enabling members to trade on events that can shape financial markets and connect them with the rest of their portfolio. Through the partnership, Public’s users will be able to access Kalshi event contracts through the same infrastructure they already use for other financial products. |
| SR001 | United States District Court for the District of Minnesota | Order on Plaintiffs' Motions for Preliminary Injunction (No. 26-cv-2661, 26-cv-2778, 26-cv-2841) | Until a final decision on the merits is reached in these cases, Defendants are enjoined from enforcing Minn. Stat. § 609.7615, as amended and adopted by SF 3432, against entities that are registered as designated contract markets by the CFTC. |
| SR002 | New York Law Journal / Ruskin Moscou Faltischek P.C. | Kalshi and Polymarket: 'Gambling' or 'Financial Instruments'? | Following a lawsuit by its Attorney General, a state judge ruled that Kalshi's contracts are an unlicensed gambling operation and ordered the company to aggressively scale back. |
| SR003 | Office of the New York State Attorney General | Governor Hochul and Attorney General James Announce New York Has Sued Kalshi for Running Illegal Gambling Operation | In the lawsuit filed today, OAG is asking the court to order Kalshi to forfeit all illegal gains, distribute restitution to consumers who were harmed, and pay fines equal to three times the gains the company made through its illegal actions. |
| SR004 | Michigan Department of Attorney General | AG Nessel Secures Second Order Halting Unlawful Kalshi Sports Wagers in Michigan | The preliminary injunction requires Kalshi to maintain geofencing to block Michigan residents and those within Michigan’s borders from having access to its illegal sports betting contracts. Violations of the order would result in a $500,000 per day fine. |
| SR005 | Kalshi | How are prediction markets regulated? | Market Integrity Hub | Kalshi is regulated under the CFTC's regulations as a Designated Contract Market (DCM). A DCM is a financial exchange designated by the CFTC as an authorized marketplace for participants to trade futures, swaps such as event contracts, and/or options. |
| SR006 | Washington State Office of the Attorney General | Washington sues online betting platform Kalshi for illegal gambling | The lawsuit argues Kalshi violates the Washington state Gambling Act and Consumer Protection Act, and seeks to halt these unlawful activities, recover money lost by Washingtonians, and assess civil penalties. |
| SR007 | NPR | Kalshi in court over 19 federal lawsuits. What's the future of prediction markets? | Eight of the lawsuits are from state gambling commissions and Indian tribes accusing Kalshi of operating an unlicensed sports gambling platform; six of the suits are Kalshi on the offensive, suing state regulators contending they are outside the purview state gambling rules. |
| SR008 | Kalshi | Kalshi Launches First-Ever Perpetual Futures in America | Pending regulatory reviews, Kalshi aims to launch crypto perpetuals on more than a dozen currencies. Perpetual futures on agricultural commodities will not be part of Kalshi’s product offerings. |
| SR009 | Wikipedia | Kalshi | Kalshi agreed the wording was "grammatically ambiguous" and later standardized its terms for markets affected by the death of a key figure to settle at the odds prior to that person's death, subsequently making approximately $2.2 million in reimbursements to users. |
| SR010 | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi Institutional | Kalshi operates two entities that are fully regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). This is the same regulator that oversees traditional exchanges including the Chicago Mercantile Group (CME), the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), and Cboe. |
| SV001 | Federal Reserve Board | Kalshi and the Rise of Macro Markets | Prediction markets offer a new market-based approach to measuring macroeconomic expectations in real-time. |
| SV002 | Kalshi | Kalshi Reaches $11 Billion Valuation as App Takes over America | Kalshi today announced a Series E funding round of $1 billion at an $11B valuation. |
| SV003 | TSG Invest | Kalshi Stock: $22B Valuation — Is It a Buy? | Kalshi’s $1 billion Series F, closed in May 2026 at a $22 billion valuation, was led by Coatue with participation from Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, IVP, Paradigm, Morgan Stanley, and ARK Invest |
| SV004 | BitcoinKE | This Prediction Markets Valuation Hits $40 Billion ... | Prediction market operator, Kalshi, is in talks to raise fresh funding at a valuation of about $40 billion, less than two months after securing a $1 billion financing round that valued the company at $22 billion, according to media reports and people familiar with the matter. |
| SV005 | New York State Attorney General | Letitia James - New York State Attorney General | NEW YORK – New York Governor Kathy Hochul and Attorney General Letitia James today announced that New York has sued KalshiEX, LLC (Kalshi) for running an illegal gambling operation in New York through its prediction market platform. |
| SV006 | Clay | How Much Did Kalshi Raise? Funding & Key Investors | Kalshi has raised funding across eight disclosed rounds, attracting investors including Coatue Management, Paradigm, Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, IVP, ARK Invest, and Morgan Stanley. |
| SV007 | Crunchbase News | Kalshi Secures $1B To Expand Predictions Market Platform | Notably, Kalshi’s latest raise comes barely a month after its prior round, a $300 million financing at a reported $5 billion valuation. In hindsight, a quick up round seemed, well, predictable. |
| SV008 | Bloomberg | Kalshi Finalizing New Funding at $40 Billion Value Ahead ... | Kalshi Inc. is finalizing a new financing round that would value the prediction market platform at around $40 billion, according to people familiar with the matter. The deal is expected to be the startup's last round before an initial public offering, which is anticipated as soon as next year, the people said. |
| SV009 | Michigan Attorney General | AG Nessel Secures Second Order Halting Unlawful Kalshi Sports ... | LANSING – Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel has secured a preliminary injunction (PDF) against KalshiEx, LLC (Kalshi), halting the prediction market company from unlawfully offering online sports wagers in Michigan. |